• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.119-128
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• 2004

DME(Dimethyl Ether) was directly produced from the synthesis gas using the slurry phase reactor. The catalyst for DME production prepared two types (A type; Cu:Zn:Al=57:33:10, B type; Cu:Zn:Al=40:45:15, molar ratio). It was evaluated for the effect of the reaction medium oil using the small size slurry phase reactor. DME production yield and the methanol selectivity decreased in the order: n-hexadecane oil> mineral oil> therminol oil. The long-term test of DME production was carried out using A and B type catalyst, and n-hexadecane oil and mineral oil, respectively. It was confirmed that the use of A type for the catalyst and n-hexadecane for the reaction medium oil was very useful for the viewpoint of the DME production form the synthesis gas.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2000년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.177-181
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• 2000

A lab-scale slurry reactor was developed for the treatment of contaminated sediments with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (naphthalene, phenanthrene). In this system, range from 85 to 95% of PAHs with 2~3 rings were degraded within 11 days. Higher naphthalene degradation(94.05%) over phenanthrene degradation(87.07%) was probably due its higher solubility. Both compounds were not detected in aqueous phase after 7days and only 26.8% of naphthalene and 49.1% of phenanthrene were biodegraded. Removal TPH(Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon) concentration in solid after 11 days of treatment was 46%.

• 한국토양환경학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.23-30
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• 1997

본 연구의 목적은 슬러리상 생물반응기를 이용한 석유계탄화수소 오염토양의 처리에 있어서 고형물함량 및 혼합강도의 영향을 평가하는 것이다. 디이젤오염토양의 슬러리상 생물학적 처리에 대한 수행결과는 실험실규모에서 얻어졌고 TPH(총 석유계탄화수소)는 생물학적 처리와 연관하여 평가되었다. TPH의 생물학적 및 비생물학적 거동은 디이젤내의 화합물에 의해 이전에 노출되지 않은 토양을 이용하여 결정되었다. 투입량에 대한 반응기부피는 고형물함량을 최대화함으로써 줄여질 수 있다. 고형물함량 50% 및 20%를 적용한 결과 생물학적 TPH 제거율에 있어서 약간의 차이(57.5%:61.6%)를 보여주었다. 혼합과 토양입자의 부유는 오염물의 탈착 및 생물학적 분해에 있어서 매우 중요하다. 이러한 관점에서 본 연구는 두가지 혼합강도를 이용하여 수행되었다. 70rpm을 이용한 반응기의 경우 20rpm을 적용한 반응기에 비하여 토양입자의 부유 및 TPH의 제거율에 있어서 더 좋은 결과를 나타내었다. 20rpm을 적용한 반응기의 경우 토양입자의 완전한 부유가 일어나지 않았다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.449-457
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• 1996

The main purpose of this study was to investigate sulfur dioxide removal performance of flue gas desulfurization system utilizing a Spray Absorption/Drying Reactor. In this system, the size of droplets was considered the most significant factor and tested using a PDA system. Lime slurry flow rate, operating temperature, calcium/sulfur (Ca/S) ratio and applied air pressure were selected as major operation variables and tested/analyzed in terms of system performance. The results are as follows. 1. The $SO_2$ removal efficiencies were 49%, 74%, 85% for Ca$(OH)_2$ slurry flow rate of 10, 20, 30 ml/min, which implies that the increase of slurry flow rate improves removal efficiency. The optimum slurry flow rate in this study was, however, considered 20 ml/min because of constraints of system troubles and absorbent utilization. 2. As Ca/S ratio increased, $SO_2$ removal efficiency was observed to increase. 3. As air pressure, at the atomizing nozzole, increased from 3 to 5 $kg/cm^2, SO_2$ removal efficiency increased from 74% to 80%, because of droplet size reduction due to pressure increase during atomizing process and the increase of surface area, helping mass transfer between gas and liquid phase.

• 공업화학
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.712-718
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• 2005

본 연구는 콜타르로 오염된 토양을 슬러리상 생물반응기로 처리할 때에 재순환수 첨가가 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 실시하였다. 실험실 규모의 슬러리상 생물반응기는 미생물활성이 최적으로 유지될 수 있도록 설정하였으며, 실험에 사용된 토양은 사질양토였다. 토양내의 콜타르와 14가지 PAHs 화합물의 농도는 가스크로마토그래피를 이용하여 분석하였다. 슬러리상 생물반응기는 2000 mg/kg 농도에서 재순환수 첨가의 영향이 미미하였다. 그러나 20000 mg/kg에서는 뚜렷한 효과를 나타내어 재순환수를 첨가한 경우의 1차반응속도상수와 제거율은 재순환수를 첨가하지 않은 경우 보다 각각 2.5배와 2.0배 정도가 증가되었다. 슬러리상 생물반응기에서 콜타르는 휘발(3.8~16.0%)과 분해(84.0~96.2%)에 의하여 제거되었으며, 분해에 의한 제거가 약 85% 이상이 되므로 주로 생물학적인 분해반응에 의하여 제거가 되는 것으로 평가되었다. 재순환수를 첨가한 경우에 고리수에 따른 PAHs 화합물의 제거에서 고리수가 3개인 경우에는 92.2~99.7%로 높은 제거율을 나타내었으며, 4개 이상의 고리수를 가진 화합물들은 분해되지 않거나 30% 미만으로 분해되었다.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.137-147
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• 1998

This study was carried out to find deodorization effect of swine-slurry by addition of phototrophic bacteria(PTB). The pilot-scale reactors operation conditions was designed by the inoculum amounts of PTB and light-conditions. Treatment conditions was divided into 3 types; 106 MPN/ml$.$Dark(T-1), 108 MPN/ml$.$Dark(T-2), 108 MPN/ml$.$Natural light(T-3). The changes of the concentration of volatile fatty acids(VFAs), hydrogen sulfide(H2S), ammonia (NH3) and odor intensity were analyzed during the treatment period(35 days). From results of this study, the maximum intensity of odor in the headspace of the reactor T-1 was 4.82 and T-2, T-3 was 2.63, respectively. In swine-slurry of reactors used, it almost took 10 days until to be stabilized with solid and liquid phase. Intensity of odor in headspace was mainly derived from the liquid phase. The PTB inoculum method to swine-slurry was very effective in reduction of VFAs, H2S and Sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB) concentration. Expecially, It was interested in reverse growth behaviour of SRB and PTB in these conditions.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.251-257
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• 2002

Liquid-phase methanol synthesis via methyl formate using coal-derived syngas was carried out in a bench-scale(diameter 173 mm and dispersion height 1200 mm) slurry bubble column reactor(SBCR) Under the condition of $180^{\circ}$. 61 atm, 30 L/min, $H_{2}$/CO=2 and a slurry mixture of 2 kg of copper chromite and 0.5 kg of $KOCH_{3}$ suspended in 14 L of methanol, the per pass conversions of syngas is 6 %, maximum concentration of methyl formate 3.088 mol% and maximum synthesis, rate of methanol 0.8 gmole/kg ${\cdot}$ hr. It is a significant evidence that copper chromite powder as heterogeneous catalyst didn't active for the hydrogenolysis of methyl formate to methanol, resulting copper chromite powder was not efficiently suspended in a slurry mixture. To enhance the hydrogenolysis of methyl formate in liquid-phase methanol synthesis process, the designed SBCR have need to use the higher specific gravity solvent and/or decrease the catalyst particle size.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2001년도 ICCAS
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• pp.50.1-50
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• 2001

Dynamic optimization with partially structured model in a slurry-phase HDPE reactor is implemented by the modified hierarchical dynamic optimization. Optimal trajectories of MI and density of HDPE are calculated as controlled variables and optimal profiles of the concentrations of ethylene, hydrogen and comonomer are calculated as manipulated variables in dynamic optimization. MI, density, the concentrations of ethylene, hydrogen and comonomer are used as controlled variables and flow rates of ethylene, hydrogen and comonomer are sued as manipulated variables in control implementation. Two-level hierarchical method is applied in dynamic optimization to reduce computation time. In the upper level formulation ...

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.199-215
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• 1992

Sources of organic waste materials for aerobic and/or anaerobic degradation, or for composting of solid wastes in Germany were estimated. The basic microbiology and the energetics of these processes were compared with special emphasis on anaerobic degradation, for which a general degradation scheme of carbohydrates is presented. Advantages of anaerobic over aerobic treatment processes are pointed out and conditions for maintaining a highly stable anaerobic process as well as producing a sanitized, hygienic product are discussed. Reactor systems suitable for efficient treatment of wastes with a high or low proportion of suspended solids are principally compared and results of laboratory studies on the degradation of several wastes and animal manures summarized. Finally, a piggery slurry treatment factory for an ultimate slurry processing to obtain a dry fertilizer and a harmless, disposable liquid, as it is in operation in Helmond/Holland, is presented and preliminary process data are presented.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.949-957
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• 2000

본 연구는 페놀 분해균주인 P-99를 이용하여 슬러리상 반응기에서 페놀 또는 PNP (p-Nitrophenol)에 오염된 토양을 생물학적으로 복원시키는 방안을 모색하기 위해 수행되었다. 순수미생물에 의한 페놀의 분해는 혼합 미생물간의 경쟁적 상호작용을 배제시켜 활성슬러지의 지체시간보다 3배 정도 짧게 나타났다. 페놀 분해균주인 P-99는 300mg/L의 페놀을 26시간 안에 완전하게 분해하였으며, 페놀 1mg이 제거될 때 0.1457mg의 P-99 미생물이 생성되었다. PNP는 단일기질로 반응기내에 존재할 경우 페놀 분해균주인 P-99에 의한 분해는 일어나지 않았으나, 페놀에 유도된 경우 공대사 작용에 의해 효과적으로 분해할 수 있었으며, 이 때 PNP 분해에 있어서 성자기질인 페놀의 이용도는 0.027mg PNP/mg phenol이었다. 페놀과 PNP가 혼합기질로 반응기내에 존재할 경우 PNP의 농도가 증가할수록 미생물에 대한 저해작용이 증가되어 페놀의 분해속도가 감소하였으며, 슬러리상 반응기에서 미생물에 의한 페놀 및 PNP의 분해는 대상물질의 일부가 액상에서 토양의 표면으로 흡착되고 산소의 전달속도가 상승하여 액상에서 보다 2배 이상 가속화되었다.