• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1987년도 정기총회 및 창립40주년기념 학술대회 학회본부
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• pp.248-250
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• 1987

Transparent CdS films with low electrical restivity on glass substrates were prepared by coating a CdS slurry which contained 10 wt.% $CdCl_2$, and sintering in a nitrogen atmosphere at $600^{\circ}C$ for 2hr. All-polycrystalline CdS/CdTe solar cells were fabricated by coating CdTe slurries, which contained 1.0 or 4.5 wt.% $CdCl_2$, on the sintered CdS films and sintering at $700^{\circ}C$ for various periods of sintering. The spectral responses of the sintered CdS/CdTe solar cells were measured and compared with theoretically calculated quantum efficiency. The spectral responses of the sintered CdS/CdTe solar cells in the short-wavelength region decreases with-increasing sintering time. The poor response in this region is attributed to the existence of the Cd-S-Te solid solution in the compositional junction. The decrease in the maximum response in the long-wavelength region as the sintering exceeds certain time appears to be caused by the increase in the depth of the buried homo junction and by the increase in the series resistance. The $CdCl_2$ in the CdTe layer during sintering enchances the interdiffusion of S, Te or donor impurities across the metallurgical Junction causing the formation of deeper n-p junction in the CdTe layer.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.344-349
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• 2015

An interconnect is the key component of solid oxide fuel cells that electrically connects unit cells and separates fuel from oxidant in the adjoining cells. To improve their surface stability in high-temperature oxidizing environments, metallic interconnects are usually coated with conductive oxides. In this study, lanthanum nickelates ($LaNiO_3$) with a perovskite structure are synthesized and applied as protective coatings on a metallic interconnect (Crofer 22 APU). The partial substitution of Co, Cu, and Fe for Ni improves electrical conductivity as well as thermal expansion match with the Crofer interconnect. The protective perovskite layers are fabricated on the interconnects by a slurry coating process combined with optimized heat-treatment. The perovskite-coated interconnects show area-specific resistances as low as $16.5-37.5m{\Omega}{\cdot}cm^2$ at $800^{\circ}C$.

• 공업화학
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.709-714
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• 1997

암모니아수를 이용한 가수분해법에 의해 운모의 이산화티타늄 피복을 시행하여 합성조건의 영향을 조사했다. 운모표면에 균일한 $TiO_2$ 피막을 얻기 위해서는 운모의 입자경이 작고 비표면적이 넓은 쪽이 유리하다. 또한 반응용액상에서 생선된 입자는 운모표면에 유리상태로 부착하여 피막을 불균일화시키므로, 용액상에서의 수화 $TiO_2$ 콜로이드 입자 생성속도를 느리게 제어할 필요가 있다. 본 실험에서 운모의 크기는 $14.7{\mu}m$, 운모 슬러리 용액의 pH는 2.5, $TiOSO_4$ 용액의 F.A.는 291, 반응온도는 $80{\sim}100^{\circ}C$ 정도가 적당하였다. 이상의 결과로부터 균일한 피복을 실현하기 위해서는, 반응온도를 변화시켜 입자의 석출율을 제어하는 일이 필요하다. 이 경우 석출율이 큰 쪽이 균일하고 치밀한 피막을 얻을 수 있었다. 이렇게 하여 얻어진 $TiO_2$ 피복 운모는 $900^{\circ}C$의 소성전후에서 형태에 큰 변화는 없었다.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.94-99
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• 2004

연료극 지지체 평관형 고체산화물 연료전지(SOFC)의 셀 전력밀도를 증가시키기 위하여 압출법에 의하여 제조하고 그 특성을 연구하였다. 연료극 지지체로써 Ni/YSZ($8mol\%$ yttria stabilized zirconia) cermet는 기공율 $50.6\%,\;0.23{\mu}m$의 기공크기를 나타내었다. 지지체에서의 Ni의 분포는 균일하였으며 전자전도 경로로써의 Ni의 연결성은 양호하였다. 지지체에 YSZ전해질과 복합 공기극층인 $LSM((La_{0.85}Sr_{0.15})_{0.9}MnO_3)/YSZ$ 복합층, LSM, LSCF $(La_{0.6}Sr_{0.4}Co_{0.2}Fe_{0.8}O_3)$층이 슬러리 디핑법에 의하여 코팅 및 소결된 연료극 지지체식 평관형 고체산화물 연료전지 단위전지의 성능은 $800^{\circ}C$에서 $300mW/cm^2(0.6V,\;500mA/cm^2)$의 성능을 나타내었다. 임피던스 분석에 의하여 평관형 셀의 전기화학적 분극저항을 평가하고 연료측의 가습에 따라 분극저항이 감소되어 성능이 향상됨을 알 수 있었다 슬러리 디핑법으로 LSM이 코팅된 SUS430 금속연결재를 $Ar+10\%\;H_2$에서 소결하였으며, $750^{\circ}C$에서 면저항의 측정할 결과, 초기에는 $148m{\Omega}cm^2$를 나타내었으며, 450시간 경과 후에 $43m{\Omega}cm^2$의 낮은 면저항을 유지하였다. 반면에 동일한 조건으로 LSM이 코팅된 Fecralloy는 높은 면저항을 나타내었다.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2011년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.1.2-1.2
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• 2011

With recent advances in materials and products, materials processing experiences new challenges. More particles and polymers in material side and thinner and faster deformations in processing side. It happens in most emergying industries such as manufacturing of batteries, solar cells, multi-layer chips, displays, printed electronics, to list a few. In most cases, they are manufactured by coating or printing process, which is defined as a process in which gas is replaced by liquid on a substrate. In this sense, casting, inkjet printing, and roll-to-roll printing are all included. The printing process consists of three unit processes. As the materials used in the above mentioned applications typically contain a large amount of particles with polymers and solvents, they continuously change microstructures during preparation, flow, and even drying. However, little is known about the flow characteristics of such complex fluids and less is known about how to design and control the process. Therefore, for better control of the process and for better quality of the product, we need to understand the flow characteristics of these complex fluids under extremely fast flow environment.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1989년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.56-58
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• 1989

All-polycrystalline Cd$_1$-xZnxS/CdTe solar cells have been fabricated by coating CdTe slurries with 4.5 wt% of CdCl$_2$on the sintered Cd$_1$-xZnxS films and by sintering CdTe layer at 6$25^{\circ}C$ for lh in nitrogen atmosphere. Solar efficiency of the sintered Cd$_1$-xZnxS/CdTe solar cells increases as the Zn content increases up to x=0.06 and then decreases with further increase in the Zn content. A solar efficiency of 12.5% under a solar intensity of 76mW/$\textrm{cm}^2$ was observed in a Cd 0.94 Zn0.06S/CdTe solar cell. By optimizing the amount of CdCl$_2$in the slurry and sintering conditions, it is possible to produce Cd$_1$-xZnxS/CdTe solar cells with efficiency higher than 12%.

• 대한전기학회논문지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.183-191
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• 1990

Polycrystalline CdS film have been prepared by coating a slurry constiting of CdS, CdCl2, various amount of InCl3 and propylene glycol on glass substrate and by sintering in a nitrogen atmosphere, and their sintering behaviors, electrical properties and optical properties have been investigated. As the amount of InCl3 increases, the enhancing effect of CdCl2 on sistering decreses resulting in a sharp decrease in optical transmittance and an increase in electrical resistivity. The carrier concentration is almost independent of InCl3 added due to the occurrence of chlorine doping and to the compensating effect of indium dopant. Microstructure an optical properties of CdS film, which contain CdCl2 and InCl3 before sintering, can be improved by sintering in a sealed boat.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1994년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.216-220
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• 1994

Polycrystalline CdS films have been prepared by coating a slurry, which consisted of CdS, 11w% CdCl$_2$ and appropriate amount of propylene glycol, on glass substrate and glass substrate coated with indium tin oxide(ITO) followed by sintering in a nitrogen atmosphere. CdTe slurries consisting of Te powder and Cd powder were coated on the sintered CdS films and ITO/CdS films and were sintered in nitrogen to prepare sintered CdS/CdTe and ITO/CdS/CdTe solar cells. The value of fill factor increased due to low series resistance and open circuit voltage decreased due to low shunt resistance in the ITO/CdS/CdTe solar cells.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1988년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.29-32
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• 1988

Polycrystalline CdS films were prepared by coating a slurry, which consisted of Cds, 11w/o of CdCl$_2$ and various amounts of InCl$_3$on the glass substrate and by sintering in a nitrogen atmosphere. Measurements on the electrical and optical Properties and observation on the microstructure of the sintered films were made. It was observed that the carrier concentration in the films remains almost constant on the addition of InCl$_3$. Optical transmittance remains constant on the addition of InCl$_3$ up to 3w/o but it decreases with further increase in InCl$_3$.

• E2M - 전기 전자와 첨단 소재
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.26-34
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• 1988

Sintered CdS/CdTe solar cells have been farbricated by coating a (Cd+Te) slurry on sintered CdS films followed by the sintering at 625.deg.C for one hour with various heating rates. When cadmium and tellurinm powders are used instead of CdTe powder to form CdS/CdTe junction, CdTe is formed in the temperature range of 290.deg.C-400.deg.C. The microstructure of the CdTe films depends strongly on the heating rate of the sintering due to the low melting temperature and the high vapor pressure of the elemental Cd and Te. An optimum heating rate obtain CdTe films with uniform and dense microstructure which, in turn, improves the efficiency of the sintered CdS/CdTe solar cells. All-polycrystalline CdS/CdTe solar cells with an efficiency of 9.57% under 50mW/cm$^{2}$ tungsten light have been farbricated by using a heating rate of 14.deg.C/min.