• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.191-201
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• 2019

Petroleum industry produces one of the popular hazardous waste known as Petroleum Sludge. The treatment and disposal of petroleum sludge has created a major challenge in recent years. This review provides insights into various approaches involved in the treatment, and disposal of petroleum sludge. Various methods used in the treatment and disposal of petroleum sludge such as incineration, stabilization/solidification, oxidation, and bio-degradation are explained fully and other techniques utilized in oil recovery from petroleum sludge such as solvent extraction, centrifugation, surfactant EOR, freeze/thaw, pyrolysis, microwave irradiation, electro-kinetic method, ultrasonic irradiation and froth flotation were discussed. The pros and cons of these methods were critically considered and a recommendation for economically useful alternatives to disposal of this unfriendly material was presented.

• 수도
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• 제24권5호통권86호
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• pp.29-44
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• 1997

Sewage sludge produced in Korea was 1,275,800 tons (dewatered sludge cake) per year in 1996, which is 3,495 tons per day, 0.303% of 11,526,100 tons per day of sewage treated in 79 sewage treatment plants. Sludge production has been and will be increasing in accordance with construction of new facilities for sewage treatment. Most of the sludge is currently disposed by landfill and ocean dumping, but it is becoming difficult to find suitable sites for landfill, particularly in big cities such as Seoul. In addition, rapid increase of landfill cost is anticipated in a near future. Current trend for sludge disposal in advanced countries is land application. Over the past 10 to 20 years in the United States, sludge management practices have changed significantly, moving from disposal to beneficial use. They use biosolid for utilization instead of sludge for disposal. Under the Clean Water Act of 1972, amended in 1987 by Congress, the U.S. EPA was required to develop regulations for the use and disposal of sewage sludge. The EPA assessed the potential for pollutants in sewage sludge to affect public health and the environment through a number of different routes of exposure. The Agency also assessed the potential risk to human health through contamination of drinking water sources or surface water when sludge is disposed on land. The Final Rules were signed by the EPA Administrator and were published (Federal Register, 1993). These rules state that sewage sludge shall not be applied to land if the concentration of any pollutant in the sludge exceeds the ceiling concentration. In addition, the cumulative loading rate for each pollutant shall not exceed the cumulative pollutant loading rate nor should the concentration of each pollutant in the sludge exceed the monthly average concentration for the pollutant. The annual pollutant loading rate generally applies to applications of sewage sludge on agricultural lands. The most popular beneficial use of sewage sludge is land application. The sludge has to be stabilized for appling to land. One of the stabilization process for sewage sludge is lime stabilization process. The stabilization process is consisted of the stabilizing process and the drying process. Stabilization reactor can be a drum type reactor in which a crossed mixer is equipped. The additive agents are a very reactive mixture of calcium oxide and others. The stabilized sludge is dried in sun drier or rotary kiln.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.122-135
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• 2002

Although fly ash possesses viable engineering properties, an overwhelming majority of fly ash from coal combustion is still placed in storage or disposal sites. Similarly, sludges generated from various water treatment operations are predominantly subjected to the fate of land disposal. To prepare sludges fur land disposal typically requires time consuming dewatering schemes, which can become extremely difficult to execute depending upon the composition of the sludge and its affinity for water. This study was undertaken to reuse fly ash and sludge as construction materials. This paper includes geotechnical properties of fly ash and fly ash-lime-sludge mixture and results of compaction test, UU-test, falling head test, leaching test and CBR test. The effect on mixing fly ash with sludge and lime and the effect of curing period and the results are obtained from this test.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2000년도 학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.458-465
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• 2000

Although Fly ash possess viable engineering properties, an overwhelming majority of the fly ash from coal combustion is still placed in storage or disposal sites. Similarly, sludges generated from various water treatment operations are predominantly subject to the fate of land disposal. To prepare sludges for land disposal typically requires time consuming dewatering schemes, which can become extremely difficult to execute dependent upon the composition of the sludge and its affinity for water. This test was undertaken to reuse of fly ash and sludge with mix. In this paper includes of geotechnical properties of fly ash and fly ash-sludge mixture and results of compaction test, unconfined test, falling head test and CBR test and it was analyzed the effect on mixing fly ash with sludge.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.119-122
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• 2007

Actually, about 45% of total costs for wastewater treatment in a papermaking mill is spent for sludge disposal and the cost of chemicals used to improve the dewaterability of sludge takes much part of it. In order to reduce sludge disposal cost and to improve the efficiency of sludge treatment, it is necessary to minimize the amount of water contained within the sludge and hence to improve the dewaterability of the sludge. The objective of this study was to elucidate the way of improving the dewaterability of sludge. Three types of wastewater from a tissue paper mill, a printing paper mill and a newsprint mill were used and two types of high molecular weight flocculants (anionic PAM and cationic PAM) were used to treat the wastewater. Dewaterability of sludge was evaluated by measuring floc strength.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집(II)
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• pp.1248-1251
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• 2000

Recently, the yearly amount of remicon used in Korea is approximately one hundred million cubic meter, and it caused a by-product, remicon waste sludge. The sludge produced by washing mixers or drums of remicon trucks is restrained by the law for waste disposal because its pH is over 12, so the expense for waste disposal is needed. Until now, the waste sludge water has been recycled and used for concrete materials as sludge water which is limited to 3% of cement unit weight. However, the study on the properties of the concrete mixed with this waste sludge is so insufficient that the quality of them can be hardly trusted. Therefore, the study on that will be discussed.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2005년도 봄학술 발표회 논문집(II)
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• pp.477-480
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• 2005

The discharge of sewage sludge is rapidly increasing in Korea. But the most common sewage sludge disposal alternative is to incinerate and to deposit it in controlled landfills. However, space limitations on existing landfill sites, and increasing environmental concerns have prompted the investigation of alternative ash disposal routes. The utilization of sewage sludge ash would contribute to the elimination of an environmental problem and to the development of new high-performance materials. The purpose of this study is to apply to Alkali Activation into solidification of sewage sludge ash. It achieves leaching test, chemical composition and compressive strength test. As a result of tests, the sewage sludge ash has sufficient potential for use of pozzolanic raw material. However, it is judge to be available to construction material if research is continuously gone.

• 청정기술
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.87-98
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• 2007

대도시의 인구집중과 환경문제에 대한 관심의 고조에 따른 환경배출기준의 강화로 환경처리시설에서 배출되는 슬러지의 양은 매년 급증하고 있는 실정이다. 2003년부터는 하수처리 슬러지의 매립지에의 직매립을 금지하고 있을 뿐만 아니라, 2012년부터는 해양투기 또한 전면 금지됨에 따라 육상에서의 자원화 혹은 감량화 등을 통한 소각, 퇴비화 등의 방법으로 처분해야 하는 실정이다. 그러나 이들 슬러지의 성상은 슬러지발생원, 발생 시기, 처리공정 등에 따라 그 성상이 다양하게 변하는 특성을 가지므로 슬러지처리, 재활용 및 처분방법을 결정하는데 있어서 슬러지성상에 대한 평가가 중요하게 작용한다. 이를 위하여 물리화학적 처리, 생물학적처리 등 서로 다른 처리방법에 의해 발생되는 슬러지의 성상평가방법을 표준화할 필요성이 크다고 하겠다. 그러나 아직까지 우리나라에서는 표준화된 슬러지 성상평가방법이 제정되어 있지 않다. 본 총설에서는 우리나라의 슬러지 성상평가방법에 관한 현황과 문제점 등을 파악하고, 독일 등 선진국의 사례를 바탕으로 적절한 슬러지의 재활용과 처분을 위한 우리나라에 적합한 15가지 항목의 표준화된 슬러지 성상평가방법을 제시하고자 하였다.

• 공업화학
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.575-579
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• 2007

하수슬러지의 처리문제가 대두되어지면서 많은 연구자들에 의해 슬러지 처리 기술이 연구되어지고 있다. 대표적으로 소각, 탄화, 열분해, 매립, 비료화 등의 방법이 있지만 이러한 모든 공정에는 80% 이상의 높은 함수율의 하수슬러지를 원재료로 사용하기에 어려움이 있어 건조공정이 요구되어진다. 본 연구는 선행 연구인 수치해석적 연구로 설계된 로타리 킬른형 건조로를 이용하여 운전변수로 킬른 체류시간, 건조로 부하, 건조로 온도를 각각 변화시켜 최적의 운전조건과 기술을 확립하는데 그 목적을 두고 있다. 변수별 연구에 의한 결과로 킬른 체류시간, 건조로 부하, 건조로 온도는 각각 $62.5kg/m^3{\cdot}hr$, 26.2 min, $330^{\circ}C$로 결정되었다. 이때 함수율 $10{\pm}2%$, 건조효율 88%, 무게감량 80%, 부피감량 60% 정도로 나타났고, 슬러지의 입경은 10 mm 이하로 배출되었다.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2005년도 춘계 학술기술논문발표대회 논문집
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• pp.85-88
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• 2005

The stone powder sludge occurred at aggregate production process is classified the specified waste, so it is disposed by appropriate method. But the problems of the shortage of the disposal-site, the environment pollution, and the increase of disposal cost can be occurred in handling process, therefore the stone powder sludge is required the development of recycling technique. The stone powder sludge includes SiO2 of about $63\%$. This characteristic is important at the production of hardened specimens under condition of hydro-thermal reaction. In this study, we investigated the strength properties of concrete used stone powder sludge as siliceous material. The test results under condition of hydro-thermal reaction shows the two main facts. The first, the stone powder sludge is affected to fluidity because the surface of the stone powder sludge has characteristics of flakily and angularity. The second, weight content of the stone powder sludge, is not effective factor to the properties of strength.