• 대한수학회보
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.1303-1315
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• 2018

For principal component analysis (PCA) to efficiently analyze large scale matrices, it is crucial to find a few singular vectors in cheaper computational cost and under lower memory requirement. To compute those in a fast and robust way, we propose a new stochastic method. Especially, we adopt the stochastic variance reduced gradient (SVRG) method [11] to avoid asymptotically slow convergence in stochastic gradient descent methods. For that purpose, we reformulate the PCA problem as a unconstrained optimization problem using a quadratic penalty. In general, increasing the penalty parameter to infinity is needed for the equivalence of the two problems. However, in this case, exact penalization is guaranteed by applying the analysis in [24]. We establish the convergence rate of the proposed method to a stationary point and numerical experiments illustrate the validity and efficiency of the proposed method.

• 천문학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.99-104
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• 2014

We present the rst period variation study for the Algol eclipsing binary V346 Cyg by constructing the (O-C) residual diagram using all the available precise minima times. We conclude that the period variation can be explained by a sine-like variation due to the presence of a third body orbiting the binary in about $68.89{\pm}4.69$ years, together with a long-term orbital period decrease ($dP/dt=-1.23{\times}10^{-7}day/yr$) that can be interpreted to be due to slow mass loss from the ${\delta}$-Scuti primary component. The sinusoidal variation may also be explained by using the the Applegate (1992) mechanism involving cyclic magnetic activity due to star-spots on the secondary component. The present preliminary solution needs more precise photometric observations to be confirmed.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.249-254
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• 2008

Hydrodynamic performance test of a turbopump for a liquid rocket engine is carried out. The turbopump is composed of an oxidizer pump, a fuel pump and a turbine, and the two pumps are driven by the turbine. In the test, water is used for the pumps as working media and air is used for the turbine. Performance parameters of pumps and a turbine are drawn, and a power balance between the pumps and the turbine are calculated. The calculation shows a good power balance, which implies that the pump component tests, the turbine component test and the assembly test are reliably performed. At the starting period of the test, pressure rise-flow rate curve of a pump gradually approaches the ideal curve which could be obtained by very slow starting.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.1501-1505
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• 1999

Expansion dynamics of C$^{+}$ ions ejected from 355-nm laser ablation of graphite target in vacuum has been investigated by pulsed-field time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry. A strong nonlinear dependence of the amount of desorbed C$^{+}$ ions on laser fluence is interpreted by the mechanism that C$^{+}$ ions are produced directly from the graphite via conversion of the multiphoton energy into thermal energy. The temporal evolution of C$^{+}$ ions was measured by varying the delay time of the ion repelling pulse with respect to the laser irradiation, which provides significant information on the ablated plume characterization. The TOF distributions of ablated ions showed a bimodal shape and could be fitted by shifted Maxwell-Boltzmann distributions. The velocity of the fast component increases with the delay time, whereas the slow component (< 500 m/s) exhibits a constant velocity. Also studied were the effects of the laser fluence on the energetics of C$^{+}$ ions.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2010년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.1635-1637
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• 2010

Simulation tools help creating a low cost and efficient development of embedded system. SID is an open source simulator software that consists library of components for modelling hardware and software components. A component can be written in C/C++ and Tcl/Tk. Currently, the SID simulation toolkit only provides support for C++ and Tcl/Tk. Tcl/Tk is used to write GUI-based components. However, we have observed that Tcl/Tk components cause slow simulation response because Tcl/Tk is a script language. It is not proper for developing the cutting-edge products with rich graphics. Therefore, in this paper, we suggest Java to a new language for GUI components in SID by developing a bridge module for SID to interworking with Java components.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.830-835
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• 1998

The characteristics of the ablation plume generated by 532 nm Nd: YAG laser irradiation of a Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PZT) target have been investigated using a pulsed-field time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS). The relative abundance of O+, Ti+, Zr+, Pb+, TiO+, and ZrO+ ions has been measured and discussed. TiO+ and ZrO+ ions were also found to be particularly stable within the laser ablation plasma with respect to PbO+ species. The behavior of the temporal distributions of each ionic species was studied as a function of the delay time between the laser shot and the ion extraction pulse. The most probable velocity of each ablated ion is estimated to be Vmp=1.1-1.6x 105 cm/s at a laser fluence of 1.2 J/cm2, which is typically employed for the thin film deposition of PZT. The TOF distribution of Ti+ and Zr+ ions shows a trimodal distribution with one fast and two slow velocity components. The fast velocity component (6.8x 10' cm/s) appears to consist of directly ablated species via nonthermal process. The second component, originated from the thermal evaporation process, has a characteristic velocity of 1.4-1.6 x 105 cm/s. The slowest component (1.2 x 105 cm/s) is composed of a dissociation product formed from the corresponding oxide ion.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.546-553
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• 2002

일상 생활에서 인간의 자세와 운동은 전정기관, 시각, 고유수용체에 의해 조절되어진다. 특히 전정기관은 정전안구반사를 통한 안구 운동과 전정척수반사를 통한 골격근의 수축 운동을 제어하는 매우 중요한 기능을 갖고 있다. 그러나 자세 조절기능의 손실로 인한 자세 부조화는 오심, 구토, 현기증을 초래하여 삶의 의욕을 상실케 만들고 안진이라 불리는 비정상적인 안구반사운동을 초래한다. 현기증 진단에 EOG를 이용한 안진의 분석이 필요하다. 본 연구의 목적은 데이터 처리를 위한 컴퓨터 시스템과 OKN 시뮬레이션 시스템에 의해 유발된 안진 서상속도의 자동평가 알고리즘을 개발하는데 있다. 본 논문에서는 RLSM을 이용하여 안진의 서상속도를 검출하는 새로운 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 이 방법은 눈 깜빡임과 같은 artifact에 둔감하여 안진의 빠르고 정확한 평가가 가능하다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.435-441
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• 2005

Classical transient receptor potential channels (TRPCs) are thought to be candidates for the nonselective cation channels (NSCCs) involved in pacemaker activity and its neuromodulation in murine stomach smooth muscle. We aimed to determine the role of TRPC4 in the formation of NSCCs and in the generation of slow waves. At a holding potential of -60 mV, $50{\mu}M$ carbachol (CCh) induced $I_{NSCC}$ of amplitude [$500.8{\pm}161.8pA$ (n = 8)] at -60 mV in mouse gastric smooth muscle cells. We investigated the effects of commercially available antibodies to TRPC4 on recombinant TRPC4 expressed in HEK cells and CCh-induced NSCCs in gastric smooth muscle cells. TRPC4 currents in HEK cells were reduced from $1525.6{\pm}414.4pA$ (n = 8) to $146.4{\pm}83.3pA$ (n = 10) by anti-TRPC4 antibody and $I_{NSCC}$ amplitudes were reduced from $230.9{\pm}36.3pA$ (n = 15) to $49.8{\pm}11.8pA$ (n = 9). Furthermore, $I_{NSCC}$ in the gastric smooth muscle cells of TRPC4 knockout mice was only $34.4{\pm}10.4pA$ (n = 8) at -60 mV. However, slow waves were still present in the knockout mice. Our data suggest that TRPC4 is an essential component of the NSCC activated by muscarinic stimulation in the murine stomach.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1995

1992년 7월 1일부터 8월 7일까지 득량만의 수문리와 득량도 사이의 수심 약 5m 되는 천go역에서 2.5m의 수심에 자기 기록식 유속계를 계류하여 유속관측을 하였고 이 자료를 분석하였다. 관측기간 동안 바람은 매우 약했으므로 조류의 성질을 연구하는 데 적합한 자료가 획득되었다. 항류성분은 0.8cm/sec의 속도로 남남동 방향으로 흐르며 이는 득량도 동부 수로를 통하여 북향류가 필요하고 따라서 반시계 방향의 느린 순환이 일어난다는 것을 암시한다. 조류의 주축 방향은 북북동-남남서 방향이며 전체 분산의 $98.7\%$가 이 방향에 집중되어 있다. 이 유속의 역학적 에너지의 $91.2\%$ 정도는 반일주조이며 일주조 이상의 장주기 성분은 $2.5\%$ 에 불과한 반면에 비선형효과에 기인하는 천해조 성분은 $6.3\%$ 정도를 점유하였다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.85-98
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• 2005

최근, PDA를 이용한 모바일 비젼 시스템에 관한 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 대부분의 PDA에서 사용하는 CPU는 실수 연산 구성요소(floating-computation component)가 없는 정수(integer)형 CPU를 사용하므로, 실수 연산이 많은 영상 처리 및 비젼 시스템에서는 많은 시간이 소요되는 단점이 있다 본 논문에서는 이를 해결하기 위해 무선 랜(LAN)으로 연결된 Client(PDA)/server(PC)구조론 이용한 시스템을 제안하며, 연속 영상에서 Client(PDA)와 Server(PC) 각각의 CPU를 이용하여 파이프라이닝 형식으로 시스템을 구축함으로써 수행 시간을 단축한다. Client(PDA)는 에지 밀도(edge density)론 이용하여 대략적인 문자 영역을 추출하며, Server(PC)는 Client(PDA)에서 대략적으로 검출된 견과를 바탕으로 정밀한 문자 영역을 추출하기 위해, MLP(multi-layer perceptron) 기반의 텍스춰 분류 방법과 연결 성분(connected component: CC) 기반의 필터링 방법을 이용한다. 본 실험에서 제안한 방법은 MLP와 CC를 이용함으로써 효과적인 문자 추출 결과를 보였으며, 파이프라이닝 형식의 Client(PDA)/server(PC)구조를 이용함으로써 빠른 수행 시간을 보였다.