• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.54 no.1
• /
• pp.29-35
• /
• 2009

The aim of the present study was to update the calibration that is used for the measurement of the total nitrogen content in the rice plant samples by using the visible and near infrared spectrum. Before the equation merge, correlation coefficient of calibration equation for nitrogen content on each rice parts was 0.945 (Leaf), 0.928 (Stem), and 0.864 (Whole plant), respectively. In the calibration models created by each part in the rice plant under the various regression method, the calibration model for the leaf was recorded with relatively high accuracy. Among of those, the calibration equation developed by Partial least squares (PLS) method was more accurate than the Multiple linear regression (MLR) method. The calibration equation was sensitive based on variety and location variations. However, we have merged and enlarged various of the samples that made not only to measure the nitrogen content more accurately, but also later sampling populations became more diversified. After merging, $R^2$ value becomes more accurate and significantly to 0.950 (L.), 0.974 (S.), 0.940 (W.). Also, after removal of outlier, R2 values increased into 0.998, 0.995, and 0.997. In view of the results so far achieved, Standard error of prediction (SEP) and SEP (C) were reduced in the stem and whole plant. Biases were reduced in the leaf, stem as well as whole plant. Slopes were high in the stem. Standard deviation reduced in the stem but $R^2$ was high in the stem and whole plant. Result was indicated that calibration equation make update, and updating robust calibration equation from merge function and multi-variate calibration.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.14 no.10
• /
• pp.5115-5122
• /
• 2013

This paper has studied about the development and application of landslide collapse prediction real-time monitoring system based on USN to detect and measure the collapse of landslide. The rainfall measuring sensor, gap water pressure sensor, indicator displacement measuring sensor, index inclination sensor, water content sensor and image analysis sensor are selected and these are applied on the test bed. Each sensor's operation and performance for reliability verification is tested by the instrument which is installed in the field. As the result, u-IT based real-time landslide monitoring system which is developed by this research for landslide collapse detection could minimize life and property damages because it makes advance evacuation with collapse risk pre-estimate through real-time monitoring on roadside cut and bedrock slopes. This system is based on the results of this study demonstrate the effect escarpment plan are spread throughout.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.167-178
• /
• 2019

Open-pit (OP) and underground (UG) mining are usually used to exploit shallow and deep ore deposits, respectively. When mine deposit starts from shallow subsurface and extends to a great depth, sequential use of OP and UG mining is an efficient and economical way to maintain mining productivity. However, a transition from OP to UG mining could induce significant rock movements that cause the slope instability of the open pit. Based on Yanqianshan Iron Mine, which was in the transition from OP to UG mining, a large-scale two-dimensional (2D) model test was built according to the similar theory. Thereafter, the UG mining was carried out to mimic the process of transition from OP to UG mining to disclose the triggered rock movement as well as to assess the associated slope instability. By jointly using three-dimensional (3D) laser scanning, distributed fiber optics, and digital photogrammetry measurement, the deformations, movements and strains of the rock slope during mining were monitored. The obtained data showed that the transition from OP to UG mining led to significant slope movements and deformations that can trigger catastrophic slope failure. The progressive movement of the slope could be divided into three stages: onset of micro-fracture, propagation of tensile cracks, and the overturning and/or sliding of slopes. The failure mode depended on the orientation of structural joints of the rock mass as well as the formation of tension cracks. This study also proved that these non-contact monitoring technologies were valid methods to acquire the interior strain and external deformation with high precision.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2019.05a
• /
• pp.23-23
• /
• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 아시아-태평양 지역을 대상으로 위성영상 기반 고해상도의 신뢰성이 있고 쉽게 접근할 수 있는 강수 자료를 제공하는 데 있다. 본 연구에서 개발한 기후 관리 시스템은 총 3가지의 위성자료(원시위성자료, 편의보정한 위성자료, 공간상세화한 위성자료)를 제공한다. 위성자료의 공간해상도는 $0.1^{\circ}$, $0.05^{\circ}$이며, 시간해상도는 1 day이다. 비교적 신뢰성이 높은 기후 자료가 구축된 한반도를 대상으로 위성영상 편의보정, 공간상세화 기법을 검증하고, 개발한 기법을 아시아-태평양에 위치한 바누아투에 적용하여 기후 자료를 생산하였다. 원시위성자료는 TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission) 위성과 GPM (Global Precipitation Mission) 위성을 사용하여 구축하였다. 편의보정은 GRA-IDW (Geographical Ratio Analysis-Inverse Distance Weighted), GRA-Kriging, QM (Quantile Mapping) 기법을 검토하여 본 연구에 적합한 알고리즘을 개발하고 이 중 최적의 결과를 보여주는 GRA-IDW 기법을 최종적으로 선정하였다. 공간상세화는 PRISM (Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model)을 선정하여 수행하였다. 원시위성자료를 검증한 결과를 살펴보면 상관계수는 1998년부터 2017년까지 0.775로 비교적 정확도가 높게 나왔다. bias 값은 원시위성자료 값이 지상관측자료보다 과대추정하는 것으로 나타났다. 최종적인 편의보정 기법으로 GRA-IDW 기법을 선정하여 편의보정한 위성자료를 생산하였다. 공간상세화한 위성자료를 검증한 결과를 앞서 분석한 원시위성자료, 편의보정한 위성자료와 비교하면, 공간상세화를 수행하기 전보다 상관계수는 다소 작아지고, RMSE는 커지는 것으로 나타나나 그 차이가 크지 않아 공간상세화한 위성자료를 응용분야에 직접 사용할 수 있을 것으로 분석된다. 본 연구를 통해 개발된 기법을 활용하면 아시아-태평양에 신뢰성 있는 기후 관측 자료를 제공할 수 있다. 향후 본 연구에서 선정한 대상지역 이외에 기상관측소의 수가 희박하고 불균등하게 분포하고 있는 아시아-태평양 지역에 본 과업에서 개발한 시스템을 적용하여 신뢰성 있는 기후 자료를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Elastomers and Composites
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.281-289
• /
• 1998

Tensile properties including Young's modulus and tear strength were measured for four different rubber compounds; natural rubber(NR), styrene-butadiene copolymer(SBR), ethylene-propylene diene monomer (EPDM), and brominated isobutylene-p-methyl-styrene copolymer(BIMS) as a function of temperature and degree of cure. To see the effect of over cure, a measurement was made of the tensile strength and swelling behavior of the over-cured rubber compounds. Young's modulus, E, was found to have linear dependency on the degree of cure for all rubber compounds. EPDM and BIMS showed the highest and lowest slopes, respectively. The slope of NR and SBR lay between EPDM and BIMS. Tear strength, Gc, decreased in the order of NR>BIMS>SBR>EPDM. As the cure time was extended the degree of cure of NR and SBR decreased, while that of BIMS increased. EPDM showed little change in the degree of cure.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.11-19
• /
• 2018

Although many researches related to monitoring and automatic measuring devices for early warning system during slope failure have been carried out in Korea and aboard, most of the researches have installed measuring devices on the slope surface, and there are only few researches about warning systems that can detect and warn before slope failure and disaster occurs. In this study, slope failure simulation experiment was performed by attaching sensors to rock bolts, and initial slope behavior characteristics during slope failure were analyzed. Also, the experiment results were compared and reviewed with varied slope conditions, i.e. shotcrete slope and natural slope, and varied material conditions, i.e. GFRP and steel rock bolt. This study can be used as a basic data in development of warning and alarm system for early evacuation through early detection and warning before slope failure occurs in steep slopes and slope failure vulnerable areas.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.127-132
• /
• 2020

In this study, the process of providing information necessary to remove physical barriers such as road slopes that obstruct the activities of the disabled is in progress. Through experiments, we implement a quantified road surface roughness index that enables the implementation of IoT-based systems necessary for the elderly and the disabled to safely move to their destination. As a preliminary study, a road surface measurement device using a gyroscope was devised. To check the roughness and flatness of the road surface, X, Y displacement, and acceleration displacement were measured using a gyroscope. By calculating the measured data, the roughness and flatness of the road surface were quantified from 0 to 100. We implemented an algorithm that divides this index into 4 stages, displays it on a map, and provides it to users. Finally, a system for the disabled and elderly electric wheelchair users to secure basic mobility was established.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.253-260
• /
• 2021

Background: To suggest a reasonable isometric point based on the anatomical consistency of interosseous membrane (IOM) attachment in association with topographic characteristics of the interosseous crests, the footprints of the central band (CB) of the IOM on the radial and ulnar interosseous crests (RIC and UIC) were measured. Methods: We measured the distance from the CB footprints from each apex of both interosseous crests in 14 cadavers and the angles between the forearm axis of rotation (AOR) and the distal slopes of the RIC and UIC in 33 volunteers. Results: The CB footprints lay on the downslope of both interosseous crests with its upper margin on average 3-mm proximal from the RIC's apex consistently in the radial length, showing normality (p>0.05), and on average 16-mm distal from the UIC's apex on the ulna without satisfying normality (p<0.05). The average angle between the UIC's distal slope and the AOR was 1.3°, and the RIC's distal slope to the AOR was 14.0°, satisfying the normality tests (p>0.05), and there was no side-to-side difference in both forearms (p<0.05). Conclusions: The CB attached to the downslope just distal to the RIC's apex constrains the radius to the UIC that coincides with the AOR of the forearm circumduction, maintaining itself both isometrically and isotonically.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.37 no.5
• /
• pp.75-81
• /
• 2022

Objectives : In 『Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases』, the volume of preparation dosage measured in Hap was 6.5mL. This study aimed to confirm that a square-inch-spoon, which measures powder preparation dosage, was 1/3 Hap, and that Jeon-bi was 1/8 square-inch-spoon. Based on these values, this study also aimed to adjust the diameter of Firmiana-Seed-sized pill preparation, currently known as 6.5mm, so that one square-inch-spoon of powder preparation creates 16 pills. Methods : Calculated the ratio between the floor areas of square-inch-spoon and Jeon-bi and measured the ratio of volume; assumed that powder preparations were stacked as much as possible in the shape of a square pyramid when scooped comfortably, then calculated the slopes of 1/3 Hap and 1/4 Hap; measured the volumes of powdered Oryeongsan and Lijungwhan in square-inch-spoon and Jeon-bi; created the powders into Firmiana-Seed-sized pill preparation; adjusted the diameter of Firmiana Seed so that 16 pills could be created. Results : Inferring from the floor areas, the volume of square-inch-spoon is 9.2 times that of Jeon-bi; one square-inch-spoon should be 1/3 Hap for the powder to reach its maximum slope of 47° and, according to actual measurement of powder preparations, reach its maximum volume; when created into Firmiana-Seed-sized pill preparations, one square-inch-spoon should be 1/3 Hap so that approximately 16 pills were created. Conclusions : One square-inch-spoon of powder preparation was 1/3 Hap(2.17mL), Jeon-bi was 1/8 square-inch-spoon(0.27mL), and the diameter of Firmiana-Seed-sized pill preparation was 5.5mm.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.26 no.6
• /
• pp.21-28
• /
• 2010

Decomposed granite soil is the most common type of soils. The measurement of the stress-strain-strength behavior of anisotropic decomposed granite soils is very important for the deformation and stability analysis of slopes, retaining walls, excavations. A series of unsaturated-drained triaxial compression tests were performed to know unsaturated strength properties. The sample had three different angles of the axial (major principal) direction to the sedimentation plane (compaction plane): 0, 45 and 90 degrees. The compression strain of specimens subjected to an isotropic compression was strongly influenced by the sedimentation angle. In addition, the time dependence was independent of the sedimentation angle in relation to the deformation behavior during the secondary compression process. The effect of the sedimentation angle on the triaxial compression strength and deformation was clearly shown with low confining stress. The effect of the sedimentation angle on the compressive strength and deformation was more evident in saturated specimens. A new method of predicting the shear strength of unsaturated decomposed granite soils, considering compaction angles, was proposed.