• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2019

The feasibility of using hydrated lime ($Ca(OH)_2$) was assessed in reducing soil loss in sloped land under field condition. During 6-month monitoring from May to October, amendment of hydrated lime (3%, w/w) to a test plot decreased soil loss by 76% as compared to the unamended plot. However, the growth of natural vegetation was hampered by hydrated lime addition due to pH increase. Hydrated lime can be used as an effective agent to prevent soil loss in sloped land, but additional treatments are needed to preserve vegetation growth, especially in crop fields.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.48-57
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• 2020

The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of organic compost for reducing soil loss in 25% sloped farm land. For the study, laboratory and field experiment were performed. After nine weeks monitoring in pot test, hardness of the amended soil with organic compost (1%~3%, w/w) showed two times higher than the control soil. Furthermore, soil loss of that was decreased by 95% under rainfall simulation test. From the result of laboratory experiment, organic compost with 2% (w/w) was applied for field experimental plot. After six month from April to September, the amount of soil loss became 67% of the initial, and the growth of natural vegetation was not hampered. Therefore, organic compost can be used as amendment materials to reduce soil loss in sloped farmland.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.682-688
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• 2009

A plane field and a sloped field located at low-land plane and alpine areas, respectively, were monitored with respect to runoff, water quality and fertilizer uses from March to December, 2008. Runoff volume and Non-Point Source (NPS) loads were estimated and analyzed with respect to fertilizer uses. Total TN and TP loads from the sloped field were higher than those from plane field because of larger chemical uses in the alpine field than in the plane field. Organic matter load from plane field was higher than that from sloped field because more organic compost was applied to plane field than to sloped field. Event Mean Concentration (EMC) of measured water quality indices were relatively higher in both fields. Organic matter load per 1 mm rainfall were higher in plane field and TN and TP loads per 1 mm rainfall were higher in sloped field than those in respective comparing field. It was concluded that the type and application method of fertilizer could play an important role in the estimation of NPS pollution loads and the development of Best Management Practices (BMPs). However, it was recommended that long-term monitoring is necessary to better describe the relationship between fertilizer uses and water quality from agricultural fields because numerous natural and management factors other than fertilizer also affect runoff quality.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.307-313
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• 2019

BACKGROUND: An intensive farming system may be of the most important source for agricultural non-point source (NPS) pollution, which is a major concern for agricultural water management in South Korea. Various management practices have therefore been applied to reduce NPS loads from upland fields. This study presents performances of sediment trap for reducing NPS and soil loss from rainfall runoff in cropland. METHODS AND RESULTS: In 2018 and 2019, three sediment traps (L1.5 m × W1.0 m × D0.5 m = 0.75 ㎥) and their controls were established in the end of sloped (ca. 3%) upland field planted with maize crops. Over the seasons, runoff water was monitored, collected, and analyzed at every runoff. Soils deposited in sediment traps were collected and weighed at the season end. Sediment traps reduced runoff amount (p<0.05) and NPS concentrations, though the decreased NPS concentrations were not always statistically significant. In addition, sediment traps had a significant prevention effect on soil loss from rainfall runoff in a sloped cropland. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the sediment trap could be a powerful and the best management practice to reduce NPS pollution and soil loss in a sloped upland field.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제34권12호
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• pp.792-800
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• 2012

본 연구는 남한강과 북한강 유역 내 경작지 각 3개소(site A, B, C)를 대상으로 Web GIS-based VFSMOD System의 HUFF & SCS UH-based VFS Design Module을 적용하여 강우 시 경작지에서 유출되는 고형물질 유출저감을 모의하였다. 북한강 유역 내에 위치한 site A의 노지 밭의 토지경사도 5%, 강우 106.2 mm 조건에서 고추 및 옥수수를 재배할 경우, 70% 이상의 고형물질 유출저감 효율을 얻기 위해서는 초생대 폭이 최소 0.5 m 이상, 토지경사도 10%인 경우 70% 이상의 고형물질 유출저감 효율을 얻기 위해서는 초생대 폭이 최소 1.0~1.5 m 이상 유지해야 한다. 남한강 유역 내에 site B의 노지 밭의 토지경사도 5%, 강우량 95.1 mm 조건에서 토마토 및 땅콩을 재배할 경우, 70% 이상의 고형물질 유출저감을 위해서는 초생대의 폭이 최소 0.5 m, 토지경사도 10%인 경우 50% 이상의 고형물질 유출저감을 위해서는 최소 1.0 m 이상의 폭을 갖는 초생대를 설치해야 하는 것으로 나타났다. 남한강 유역 내에 site C의 노지 밭의 토지경사도 5%, 강우량 102.6 mm 조건에서 고구마 및 콩을 재배할 경우, 64.0% 이상의 고형물질 유출저감을 위해서는 초생대의 폭이 최소 1.0 m, 초생대를 설치해야 하는 것을 분석되었다. 또한, 동일한 조건에서 강우지속시간 2시간의 강우량을 151.2 mm로 증가시킬 경우, 62.0% 이상의 고형물질 유출저감을 위한 초생대의 최소 폭은 1.0 m 이상 설치해야 하는 것으로 분석되었다. 초생대 시설은 경작지와 같은 토지이용 시 친환경적인 고형물질 유출저감 방안으로 검토될 수 있으며, Web GIS-based VFSMOD System을 이용하여 다양한 토지특성과 강우 사상을 반영하여 적정한 규모의 초생대 설계가 가능할 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2013

The objective of the research was to describe the effect of straw mat cover and soil amendments on the reduction of runoff and non-point source load from steep sloped highland agricultural fields. Four $5{\times}30$ m plots on sandy loam soil with 28 % slope were prepared. Experimental treatments were bare (control), rice straw mat cover (3,000 kg/ha) (S), PAM (5 kg/ha)+Gypsum (1 ton/ha) (PG) and rice straw mat cover+PAM+Gypsum (SPG). A variety of lettuce was cultivated and runoff was monitored during a growing season in 2011. Natural monitoring was conducted to three times. Runoff rate of S, PG and SPG plots were significantly lower than those of control plot. Especially, the runoff rate is zero in SPG plot at a first rainfall events. The reduction rate of runoff from the S, PG and SPG plots was 30.8 %, 29.0 % and 81.8 % compared to control plots, respectively. The reduction rate of NPS pollution load of S, PG and SPG was ranged of 50~90 %, 30~70 % and 90~100 %, respectively. Yield of lettuce from S, PG and SPG plots was respectively 400 (567 kg/ha), 320 (453 kg/ha) and 760 (1,067 kg/ha) that of compared to control plots greater than that from control plots (140 kg/ha). We speculated that the experimental treated plots could hold more nutrients and moisture than the control and helped the crop grow healthier. When analyzing the above results, in terms of reduction of runoff and NPS pollution load and crop yields, SPG experimental treatment had the best effect. It was concluded that the use of rice straw mats cover and soil amendments on soil surface could not only reduce the NPS pollution loads in receiving waters but also help increase the crop yield.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.260-267
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• 2010

As sloped farmland is subject to runoff and soil erosion and consequently require appropriate vegetative coverage to conserve soil and water, a field study was carried out to evaluate the impact of crop canopy coverage on soil loss and runoff from the experimental plot with three different textural types (clay loam, loam, and sandy loam). The runoff and soil loss were examined at lysimeters with 15% slope, 5 m in length, and 2 m in width for five months from May to September 2009 in Suwon ($37^{\circ}$ 16' 42.67" N, $126^{\circ}$ 59' 0.11" E). Red pepper (Capsicum annum L. cv. Daechon) seedlings were transplanted on three different dates, May 4 (RP1), 15 (RP2), and 25 (RP3) to check vegetation coverage. During the experimental period, the vegetation coverage and plant height were measured at 7 day-intervals and then the 'canopy cover subfactor' (an inverse of vegetation cover) was subsequently calculated. After each rainfall ceased, the amounts of soil loss and runoff were measured from each plot. Under rainfall events >100 mm, both soil loss and runoff ratio increased with increasing canopy cover subfactor ($R^2$=0.35, p<0.01, $R^2$=0.09, p<0.1), indicating that as vegetation cover increases, the amount of soil loss and runoff reduces. However, the soil loss and runoff were depending on the soil texture and rainfall intensity (i. e., $EI_{30}$). The red pepper canopy cover subfactor was more highly correlated with soil loss in clay loam ($R^2$=0.83, p<0.001) than in sandy loam ($R^2$=0.48, p<0.05) and loam ($R^2$=0.43, p<0.1) plots. However, the runoff ratio was effectively mitigated by the canopy coverage under the rainfall only with $EI_{30}$<1000 MJ mm $ha^{-1}hr^{-1}$ ($R^2$=0.34, p<0.05). Therefore, this result suggested that soil loss from the red pepper field could be reduced by adjusting seedling transplanting dates, but it was also affected by the various soil textures and $EI_{30}$.

• 농촌계획
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.20-28
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• 1998

A small wastewater collection system for rural area was reviewed and the small diameter gravity (SDG) was thought to be the most appropriate. The pilot-scale field experiment was performed for 15 months and the result is presented. The wastewater used for experiment was the effluent of septic tank in Kon-Kuk University, and components are similar to normal domestic wastewater. The SDG experimental system included 2" PVC pipe and reverse-sloped lower section is included. No clogging problem by solids was experienced at the points where flow direction changed. The pipe-breaking by freezing was experienced during the cold weather, thus proper protection may be required where severe weather is expected.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.279-288
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• 2006

강우에 의한 경사지 토양으로부터의 농약 유출양상을 파악하고 그에 대한 환경적 요인 및 영농방법등의 영향 정도를 평가하기 위하여 토양흡착실험과 인공강우유출실험 및 콩 재배 lysimeter 포장에서 유출 실험을 수행하였다. 흡착실험을 수행하여 농약의 이동 가능성과 이동형태를 파악하고, 인공강우시설을 이용한 유출실험으로 강우양상 및 경사도의 영향 정도를 살펴보고, 콩 재배 경사지 포장에 설치된 lysimeter 실험을 수행하여 작물 재배에 따른 농약의 유실 양상 차이를 파악하여 농약의 표면유출에 의한 유실 수준을 평가하고자 하였다. 두 농약의 Freundlich 흡착계수 K는 diazinon은 $4.0{\sim}5.5$이었고 metolachlor는 $1.6{\sim}2.0$이었다. Freundlich 등온흡착식의 직선성을 나타내는 1/n 값은 탈착방법의 경우 $0.96{\sim}1.02$이었고 흡착방법의 경우는 $0.87{\sim}1.02$이었다. 영국 SSLRC의 이동성 분류기준으로 판단하면 diazinon과 metolachlor는 moderately mobile ($75{\leq}Koc$ <500) 등급에 해당하였다. 인공강우 처리구의 유출수 및 유실토양에 의한 농약 유실률은 각각 diazinon $0.1{\sim}0.6%$ 및 $0.1{\sim}0.2%$, metolachlor $0.5{\sim}1.0%$ 및 $0.1{\sim}0.7%$ 이었고, 경사도 30%의 경우가 10%에 비하여 농약 유실량이 $0.2{\sim}1.9$ 배 많았다. 인공강우실험 후 농약의 토심별 분포를 살펴 본 결과 diazinon은 토심 $5{\sim}10$ cm까지 이동하였고 metolachlor는 토심 $10{\sim}15$ cm까지 이동하였다. Lysimeter 포장유출실험 결과 경사도 및 경사장별 나지구의 유실량은 diazinon $0.23{\sim}0.50%$, metolachlor $1.0{\sim}3.1%$ 수준이었으며, 인공강우실험의 유실률에 비하여 $1/3{\sim}2.5$ 배 수준으로 나타났다. 콩재배구의 유실률은 나지구의 유실률에 비하여 평균적으로 $21{\sim}75%$ 정도 감소된 것으로 나타났다. 유출수 중 농약성분의 최고농도는 콩재배구 및 나지구 각각 diazinon $1{\sim}9{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ 및 $3{\sim}16{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$, metolachlor $7{\sim}31{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ 및 $5{\sim}40{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ 수준으로 작물 재배 여부에 따른 유출수 중 농도의 차이는 크지 않은 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 1989

경사지(傾斜地) 신개간(新開墾) 예산양토(禮山壤土)에서 Zeolite 시용(施用)과 비닐피복(被覆)이 물리화학성(物理化學性) 변화(變化)와 청예용(靑刈用)옥수수 수량(收量)에 미치는 효과(效果)를 구명(究明)하기 위(爲)하여 Zeolite 시용수준(施用水準)(0, 500, 1,000, 1,500kg/10a)을 달리하고 비닐피복(被覆)과 무피복(無被覆) 조건(條件)에서 청예용(靑刈用)옥수수를 재배(栽培)하고 토양(土壤)의 물리화학성(物理化學性)과 작물생육(作物生育)을 조사(調査), 분석(分析)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. Zeolite 시용(施用)으로 CEC와 내수성(耐水性) 입단(粒團)을 증가(增加)되고 토양경도(土壤硬度)는 감소(減少)되었으나 다른 특성(特性)은 변화(變化)가 적었다. 2. 비닐피복(被覆)은 무피복(無被覆)에 비하여 공극량(孔隙量), 기상(氣相) 및 토양온도(土壤溫度)를 크게 증가(增加)시켰으며 토양온도(土壤溫度) 일중교차(日中較差)(최고온도(最高溫度)-최저온도(最低溫度))는 생육초기(生育初期)에 크고 8월(月) 중순이후(中旬以後)에는 $2^{\circ}C$ 이내(以內)로 변화(變化)가 적었다. 3. Zeolite 시용(施用)은 뿌리 발달(發達)이 양호(良好)하고 생육(生育)을 좋게 하였으며 수량(收量)도 3~37% 증수(增收)되었고, 비닐피복(被覆)은 무피복(無被覆)에 비하여 초기생육(初期生育)이 양호(良好)하고 수량(收量)도 17~23% 증수(增收)되었다. 4. 내수성(耐水性) 입단(粒團)과 경도(硬度), 그리고 공극량(孔隙量), 기상(氣相) 및 내수성(耐水性) 입단(粒團)과 청예용(靑刈用)옥수수 수량간(收量間)에는 고도(高度)의 유의성(有意性) 있는 상관(相關)이 있었다.