• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2009

압전 구동기를 사용하여 상온 대기 중에서 프레팅 마멸 시험을 수행하기 위한 장치를 개발하였다. 구동기의 특성상 사용이 간편하며, 중력에 의한 가하중 방식을 채택하여 구조를 매우 단순화하였다. 개발된 시험기는 구동 시스템 자체의 마멸로 인한 미끄럼 운동 범위의 오차를 우려할 필요가 없다는 상대적 장점을 가진다. 본 연구에서 사용한 시험편의 경우 약 $600{\mu}m$ 이상 직경의 마멸흔이 생성되는 조건에서의 미끄럼 운동 범위의 평균 값 및 진폭의 변동은 각각 $3.3{\mu}m$ 과 $2.3{\mu}m$ 이내인 것으로 측정되었으며, 마멸흔의 크기에 비추어 볼 때 이는 만족할 만한 운동 정밀도라 판단된다. 제작된 시험기를 사용하여 인코넬 690 튜브의 프레팅 마멸 시험을 수행하였다. 수직 하중 10N 및 15N 에서 $10^6$ 사이클 동안 미끄럼 진폭을 최대 $82.7{\mu}m$까지 변화시킨 시험 결과를 정량화 하였으며, 이로부터 마멸 상수를 구하였다 또한 마멸 자국의 크기와 마멸 부피로부터 마멸 진행 거동이 상이한 세 영역을 구별할 수 있었다. 전자현미경 관찰을 통해 마멸흔을 살펴보았으며, 돌출부, 판상 층, 거친 모재 표면 등과 여기에 생성된 균열 등이 관찰되었다. 이를 통해 인코넬 690 튜브의 프레팅 마멸은 연삭 마멸과 더불어 입자의 분리 및 압착, 소성 변형과 판상 층의 형성, 균열의 생성 및 박리 등의 복합적 과정으로 진행됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.414-420
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• 2001

A 30-kV plasma immersion ion implantation setup (P $I^3$) has been equipped with a self-developed 6'-magnetron to perform hard coatings with enhanced adhesion by P $I^3$D(P $I^3$ assisted deposition) process. Using ICP source with immersed Ti antenna and reactive magnetron sputtering of Ti target in $N_2$/Ar ambient gas mixture, the TiN films were prepared on Si substrates at different pulse bias and ion-to-atom arrival ratio ( $J_{i}$ $J_{Me}$ ). Prior to TiN film formation the nitrogen implantation was performed followed by deposition of Ti buffer layer under A $r^{+}$ irradiation. Films grown at $J_{i}$ $J_{Me}$ =0.003 and $V_{pulse}$=-20kV showed columnar grain morphology and (200) preferred orientation while those prepared at $J_{i}$ $J_{Me}$ =0.08 and $V_{pulse}$=-5 kV had dense and eqiaxed structure with (111) and (220) main peaks. X-ray diffraction patterns revealed some amount of $Ti_{x}$ $N_{y}$ in the films. The maximum microhardness of $H_{v}$ =35 GN/ $M^2$ was at the pulse bias of -5 kV. The P $I^3$D technique was applied to enhance wear properties of commercial tools of HSS (SKH51) and WC-Co alloy (P30). The specimens were 25-kV PII nitrogen implanted to the dose 4.10$^{17}$ c $m^{-2}$ and then coated with 4-$\mu\textrm{m}$ TiN film on $Ti_{x}$ $N_{y}$ buffer layer. Wear resistance was compared by measuring weight loss under sliding test (6-mm $Al_2$ $O_3$ counter ball, 500-gf applied load). After 30000 cycles at 500 rpm the untreated P30 specimen lost 3.10$^{-4}$ g, and HSS specimens lost 9.10$^{-4}$ g after 40000 cycles while quite zero losses were demonstrated by TiN coated specimens.s.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.144.2-144.2
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• 2016

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings have been widely applied to the mechanical components, cutting tools due to properties of high hardness and wear resistance. Among them, hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) coatings are well-known for their low friction properties, stable production of thin and thick film, they were reported to be easily worn away under high temperature. Non-hydrogenated tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) is an ideal for industrial applicability due to good thermal stability from high $sp^3$-bonding fraction ranging from 70 to 80 %. However, the large compressive stress of ta-C coating limits to apply thick ta-C coating. In this study, the thick ta-C coating was deposited onto Inconel alloy disk by the FCVA technique. The thickness of the ta-C coating was about $3.5{\mu}m$. The tribological behaviors of ta-C coated disks sliding against $Si_3N_4$ balls were examined under elevated temperature divided into 23, 100, 200 and $300^{\circ}C$. The range of temperature was setting up until peel off observed. The experimental results showed that the friction coefficient was decreased from 0.14 to 0.05 with increasing temperature up to $200^{\circ}C$. At $300^{\circ}C$, the friction coefficient was dramatically increased over 5,000 cycles and then delaminated. These phenomenon was summarized two kinds of reasons: (1) Thermal degradation and (2) graphitization of ta-C coating. At first, the reason of thermal degradation was demonstrated by wear rate calculation. The wear rate of ta-C coatings showed an increasing trend with elevated temperature. For investigation of relationship between hardness and graphitization, thick ta-C coatings(2, 3 and $5{\mu}m$) were additionally deposited. As the thickness of ta-C coating was increased, hardness decreased from 58 to 49 GPa, which means that graphitization was accelerated. Therefore, now we are trying to increase $sp^3$ fraction of ta-C coating and control the coating parameters for thermal stability of thick ta-C at high temperatures.

• Composites Research
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.28-34
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• 2006

고온자전합성법과 스파크 플라즈마 소결법으로 여러 가지 $TiB_2$ 함유량을 갖는 $Cu-TiB_2$ 금속복합재료를 제조하였다. 점용접 전극과 미끄럼 접촉재로 사용하기 위해 인장특성, 경도, 마모저항 등의 물성치를 조사하였다. 강화재의 형상, 크기, 부피분율 등에 의해 복합재료의 특성이 달라지므로 유효물성치를 예측하기 위한 모델링이 필수적이다. 유한요소해석결과 유효탄성 계수가 실험치와 일치하는 것을 확인하였고 Eshelby 모델, Mori-Tanaka의 평균장 이론이 결합된 Eshelby 모델, 혼합법칙 등으로 복합재료의 탄성계수를 예측한 결과 Mori-Tanaka의 평균장 이론이 결합된 Eshelby 모델이 실험치를 사장 잘 묘사하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.221-228
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• 1991

본 연구는 computerdisk drive와 VTR head에 사용되어 지고 있는 ferrite head cores의 gap 형성에 적합한 유리의 봉착특성에 관하여 고찰하였다. 유리의 특성측정은 열팽창 계수, 미세경도, 내마모성을 측정하였으며 계면에서의 원소 농도분포는 WDS에 의해 관찰하였고 젖음성은 고온 현미경으로 측정하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. $PbO-B_2O_3$계 봉착용 유리에 있어서 PbO의 함량이 증가함에 따라 열팽창계수와 마모량이 증가하였으며 $B_2O_3$함량이 증가함에 따라서는 열팽창계수와 마모량이 감소하였다. 2. $PbO-B_2O_3$계 유리에 있어서 contact angle은 PbO함량에 주로 영향을 받는다. 3. 열팽창계수의 증가에 따라 봉착온도는 비례적으로 낮아지는 경향을 나타내었다. 4. Mn-Zn single crystal ferrite와 $PbO-B_2O_3$계 봉착용유리의 융착 계면에서의 확산은 ferrite성분이 glass측으로 소량확산이 이루어졌으며 봉착 열처리 시간에 따라서는 거의 영향을 받지 않았다.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.111-112
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• 2009

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) is a convenient term to indicate the compositions of the various forms of amorphous carbon (a-C), tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C), hydrogenated amorphous carbon and tetrahedral amorphous carbon (a-C:H and ta-C:H). The a-C film with disordered graphitic ordering, such as soot, chars, glassy carbon, and evaporated a-C, is shown in the lower left hand corner. If the fraction of sp3 bonding reaches a high degree, such an a-C is denoted as tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C), in order to distinguish it from sp2 a-C [2]. Two hydrocarbon polymers, that is, polyethylene (CH2)n and polyacetylene (CH)n, define the limits of the triangle in the right hand corner beyond which interconnecting C-C networks do not form, and only strait-chain molecules are formed. The DLC films, i.e. a-C, ta-C, a-C:H and ta-C:H, have some extreme properties similar to diamond, such as hardness, elastic modulus and chemical inertness. These films are great advantages for many applications. One of the most important applications of the carbon-based films is the coating for magnetic hard disk recording. The second successful application is wear protective and antireflective films for IR windows. The third application is wear protection of bearings and sliding friction parts. The fourth is precision gages for the automotive industry. Recently, exciting ongoing study [1] tries to deposit a carbon-based protective film on engine parts (e.g. engine cylinders and pistons) taking into account not only low friction and wear, but also self lubricating properties. Reduction of the oil consumption is expected. Currently, for an additional application field, the carbon-based films are extensively studied as excellent candidates for biocompatible films on biomedical implants. The carbon-based films consist of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen, which are biologically harmless as well as the main elements of human body. Some in vitro and limited in vivo studies on the biological effects of carbon-based films have been studied [$2{\sim}5$].The carbon-based films have great potentials in many fields. However, a few technological issues for carbon-based film are still needed to be studied to improve the applicability. Aisenberg and Chabot [3] firstly prepared an amorphous carbon film on substrates remained at room temperature using a beam of carbon ions produced using argon plasma. Spencer et al. [4] had subsequently developed this field. Many deposition techniques for DLC films have been developed to increase the fraction of sp3 bonding in the films. The a-C films have been prepared by a variety of deposition methods such as ion plating, DC or RF sputtering, RF or DC plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), electron cyclotron resonance chemical vapor deposition (ECR-CVD), ion implantation, ablation, pulsed laser deposition and cathodic arc deposition, from a variety of carbon target or gaseous sources materials [5]. Sputtering is the most common deposition method for a-C film. Deposited films by these plasma methods, such as plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) [6], are ranged into the interior of the triangle. Application fields of DLC films investigated from papers. Many papers purposed to apply for tribology due to the carbon-based films of low friction and wear resistance. Figure 1 shows the percentage of DLC research interest for application field. The biggest portion is tribology field. It is occupied 57%. Second, biomedical field hold 14%. Nowadays, biomedical field is took notice in many countries and significantly increased the research papers. DLC films actually applied to many industries in 2005 as shown figure 2. The most applied fields are mold and machinery industries. It took over 50%. The automobile industry is more and more increase application parts. In the near future, automobile industry is expected a big market for DLC coating. Figure 1 Research interests of carbon-based filmsFigure 2 Demand ratio of DLC coating for industry in 2005. In this presentation, I will introduce a trend of carbon-based coating research and applications.