• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2006

Purpose: The EphB2 receptor, a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase family, is a target gene of the Wnt signaling pathway and may achieve a tumor suppressor function through regulation of cell growth and migration. Our aim was to determine whether an altered expression of EphB2 might be associated with gastric cancer development and, if so, to determine to which pathologic parameter it is linked. Materials and Methods: For the construction of the gastric cancer tissue microarray, 83 paraffin-embedded tissues containing gastric cancer areas were cored 3 times and transferred to the recipient master block. The expression patterns of EphB2 were examined on tissue microarray slides by using immunohistochemistry and were compared using pathologic parameters, including histological type, depth of invasion, lymph node metastatsis, and peritoneal dissemination. Results: The EphB2 protein was expressed in the normal gastric mucosal epithelium, especially in the bottom of the mucosa. We found loss of EphB2 expression in 30 (36.1%) of the 83 gastric cancer tissues. Statistically, loss of EphB2 expression was more common in gastric cancer with lymph-node metastasis. There was no significant correlation between EphB2 expression and depth of invasion, histologic type, or peritoneal dissemination. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that loss of EphB2 expression may represent a critical step in gastric carcinogenesis.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.380-389
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• 2007

In Korea, undoubtedly, the cancer is one of the most common reasons of death, and hepatoma is the second highest fatal cancer regardless of the gender only next to the stomach cancer In the middle and prime-aged between 40 and 60 years, the incidence of hepatoma is the highest in the world, and the death rate due to hepatoma is the highest among OECD countries. In this paper, we propose a novel method for automatic identification of hepatoma from a contrast enhanced CT images, which is used in an expert system that helps medical specialists. First, consecutive $40{\sim}50$ contrail enhanced CT images are photographed by every 5mm from the upper part of the chest, and using position information on the rib, we classify the internal area including only internal organs and the external one that consists of the rib, subcutaneous fat layers, and the background from the CT images. Then, the region of the liver is extracted from the classified internal area by using information on the intensity, the distribution of brightness, and using the regions extracted from consecutive images, we restore information on the 5 mm space occurred between the consecutive two slides tty applying a shape-based interpolation method. Lastly, using the characteristics such as the brightness and the morphology, we are able to extract the regions of hepatoma. The expert system based on our method is sufficiently competitive when it is compared with the diagnoses by specialists in the diagnostic radiology.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.167-181
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• 2012

Our society is aging rapidly, and the number of elderly people who are in charge of purchasing and preparing foods at home is increasing. However, most the elderly have difficulty managing nutrition and food safety by themselves. The purpose of this study was to develop the necessary knowledge, through focus group interview and Delphi technique to establish a food safety and nutrition education program. The diet and educational needs of the elderly were surveyed through FGI. The education topics were decided by the Delphi technique. The education program consisted of a five week program, and the topics taught were 'Dietary Change for Healthy Life', 'Prevention of Food Poisoning in Everyday Life', 'Safe Food Handling for my Health', 'Healthy Dietary Life to Prevent Chronic Disease', and 'Safety! Nutrition! Healthy Dietary Life'. This education program was designed to decrease the perceived barriers, and to increase the perceived interests and the sense of self-efficacy. Education program materials, lesson plans, slides, handouts, videos, leaflets, and booklets were developed. Based on the results, the contents of the food safety guideline leaflets for the elderly were decided as the following: (1) wash your hands in the correct way; (2) select safe food; (3) cook foods safely; (4) keep foods safely; (5) keep kitchen utensils clean. In conclusion, if advanced education programs are implemented and delivered continuously in locations such as health centers and community welfare centers, those will contribute significantly to enhance the perception of food safety and to change the desirable dietary behavior of the elderly.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.570-576
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• 1993

1-, 3-, 9-, and 21-Monolayer Langmuir-Blodgett(LB) films of stearic acid were deposited on silver-coated glass slides at the surface pressure of 30 mN/m. Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) reflection-absorption spectra (RAS) of these LB films were recorded at various temperatures from 31 to $72^{\circ}C.$ The spectra at $31^{\circ}C$ exhibited characteristic features of highly perpendicular orientation of the hydrocarbon chain. In the 1-monolayer LB film, the C=O stretching band was not observed, presumably due to the image dipole effect on the silver surface. In the 1-and 3-monolayer LB films, the trans isomer of stearic acid was prominent, but the cis isomer was dominant in the 21-monolayer LB film. FTIR-RAS measurements at an elevated temperature indicated that the chain melting temperature increases and approached to the bulk melting point with increasing the number of monolayer, except for the 1-monolayer LB film which has a higher melting temperature than the 3-monolayer film due to the strong interaction with the silver substrate.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.277-285
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• 2001

Periodontal disease is characterized by inflammation and subsequent loss and/or damage to tooth-supporting tissues such as bone, cementum,and periodontal ligament. Periodontal ligament and cementum are the key tissues in the initial process of regeneration following periodontal disease. Therefore, studies on cementoblasts, which form cementum are emphasized. It is still unclear which cells cementoblast differentiate from. This study was conducted under the hypothesis that PDL fibroblast can differentiate into either cementoblast or osteoblast depending on the conditions of surrounding tissue. Clinically, with excessive traction force of orthodontic appliances or excessive occlusion hypercementosis is observed, and this has been confirmed histologically. Consequently, activation of cementoblast can be expected in rats when mechanical stimuli are given to PDL fibroblast. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to prove that PDL fibroblast differentiates into cementoblast in rats under mechanical stimuli using histologic and molecular methods. In this study, twenty rats were given hard diet. Ten of them were sacrificed after 1 week, and the others were sacrificed after two weeks. Slides were made from tooth specimen, and they were studied under the microscope. In addition, PDL fibroblast and cementum from the extracted teeth were analyzed with Northern blotting. In histologic examination, as time passed, PDL fibroblast migrated to the dentin side, differentiated into cementoblast, and formed new cementum. In Northern blotting, it was found that mRNA expression of cementoblast-specific proteins such as BSP, OC, OPN, and type I collagen were more prominent in rats sacrificed after 2 weeks of hard-diet than rats sacrificed after 1 week. From these findings we can conclude that PDL fibroblast can differentiate into cementoblast under mechanical stimuli. We think that 'Rat Models' used in this study will be beneficial to future studies regarding cementoblast.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.191-196
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• 2008

This study is a case study for application of the RTI warning model to Korea which was previously developed to predict landslide potential and occurrence time during a rainfall event. The rainfall triggering index (RTI) is defined as the product of the rainfall intensity I (mm/hr) and the effective accumulated rainfall $R_t$ (mm). This index is used to evaluate the landslide and debris-flow occurrence potential at time t during a rainfall event. The upper critical value ($RTI_{UC}$) of RTI and the lower critical value ($RTI_{LC}$) of RTI can be determined by historical rainfall data of a certain area. When the rainfall intensity exceeds the upper critical value, there are high potential to occur land-slides. The analysis result can predict landslide occurrence time of an area during a rainfall event as well as land-slide potential. The result can also be used as an important data to issue early-warning of landslides. In order to apply the RTI warning model to Korea this study analyzed rainfall data and landslides data in Inje county, Gangwon province, Korea from July 13 to July 19, 2006. According to the analysis result, the rainfall intensity exceeded the upper critical value 23 hours ago, 11 hours ago, and 9 hours ago from 11:00 in the morning, July 16. Therefore, landslide warnings would be issued three times for people evacuation for avoiding or reducing hurts and dam-ages from landslides in mountainous areas of Inje.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.152-159
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• 2008

Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) cannot differentiate follicular adenoma from follicular carcinoma since this distinction can only be based on the presence of capsular or vascular invasion, and this can￢not be detected on a cytologic smear. The goal of this study was to define the diagnostic cytologic findings of follicular neoplasm and the possibility of diagnosing follicular neoplasm by performing FNAC. The cases of histologically diagnosed follicular adenoma and follicular carcinoma on the thyroidectomy specimens were retrieved. Among them, the cases with preoperative FNAC that was done within 3 months of the operation were finally selected. Then we reviewed the FNAC and histologic slides of 19 cases: 9 follicular adenomas and 10 follicular carcinomas. Our results suggest that for cases of follicular neoplasm, the aspirates show high or abundant cellularity, frequent follicle formation and occasional cellular atypism of the follicular cells. However, the atypism is more pronounced and more frequently noticed in the cases of follicular carcinoma, which reveals more higher anisocytosis (7/10, 70%), nuclear pleomorphism (9/10, 90%), coarse clumping of chromatin (8/10, 80%) and cellular overlapping (8/10, 80%).

• The Korean Journal of Petroleum Geology
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• v.10 no.1_2 s.11
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• pp.18-22
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• 2004

To identify and interpret the distribution and the characteristics of the gas hydrate layers in the Ulleung Basin, we have surveyed and gathered the multi-channel seismic data, Chirp sub-bottom profiler, SeaBeam and 12 m piston core samples since 1996. In previous works, high-resolution seismic profiles showed acoustic anomalies such as acoustic void, acoustic turbidity and pock mark which indicate the presence of gas-charged sediments. The patterns of horizontal degassing cracks originated from free methane expansion is the strong indicator of shallow gas-charged sediments in the core samples. The observation of submarine slides and slumps from destabilizing the sediments in the southern part of the Ulleung Basin may also point out that the gas had been released from gas hydrate dissociation during lowstand of sea level. The multi-channel seismic data show BSR, blanking and phase reversal. The gas hydrate layers above which large-scale shallow gases are distributed exist at the depth of about 200 m from the sea-floor with water depth of 2,100 m. From the interpretation of seismic sections in the southern Ulleung Basin, gas hydrate layers occur in the Pleistocene-Holocene sediments. These gas-charged sediments, acoustic anomalies and BSR may be all related to the existence of gas hydrate layers in the study area.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.187-198
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• 2003

High-resolution (Chirp, 3-11 kHz) echo facies and sedimentary facies of piston-core sediments were analyzed to reveal the late Quaternary depositional processes in the Korea Plateau and Ulleung Interplain Gap. The Korea Plateau is an Isolated topographic high with a very restricted input of terrigenous sediments, and its slope is characterized by a thin sediment cover and various-scale submarine canyons and valleys. Echo and sedimentary facies suggest that the plateau has been moulded mainly by persistent (hemi) pelagic sedimentation and intermittent settling of volcanic ashes. Sediments on the plateau slope and steep margins of ridges and seamounts were reworked by earthquake-induced, large-scale slope failures accompanied by slides, slumps and debris flows. As major fraction of the reworked sediments consists of (hemi) pelagic clay particles, large amounts of sediments released from mass flows were easily suspended to form turbid nepheloid layers rather than bottom-hugging turbidity currents, which flowed further downslope through the submarine canyons and spreaded over the Ulleung Basin plain. In the Ulleung Interplain Gap, sediments were introduced mainly by (hemi) pelagic settling and subordinate episodic mass flows (turbidity currents and debris flows) along the submarine channels from the slopes of the Oki Bank and Dok Island. The sediments in the Ulleung Interplain Channel and its margin were actively eroded and reworked by the deep water flow from the Japan Basin.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.876-882
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• 2001

Objectives : Meningeal hemangiopericytoma is a rare tumor. Clinical and radiological features are similar to those of an ordinary meningioma. But its biological behavior is quite different from those of a meningioma as it brings profuse bleeding in the operation field, frequent recurrence and metastasis to other systemic organs even in the case of gross total resection. In order to find out the prognostic factors and to compare longterm outcome after various treatment modalities, the authors reviewed consecutive 20 operated cases of meningeal hemangiopericytoma to characterize their clinical features, surgical outcomes and effectiveness of the radiation therapy. Methods : Twenty patients with a hemangiopericytoma were treated between 1982 and 1999 in our department. They are composed of 13 patients of hemangiopericytoma and 7 patients who were initially diagnosed as angioblastic type meningioma and then confirmed as a hemangiopericytoma after review of their previous histopathology slides. The mean follow-up period was 99 months(1-256 months). The long-term outcomes after various treatment modalities were evaluated according to recurrence-free survival and image follow-up. Recurrence-free survival curves are compared between the patient groups according to the extent of removal and radiation therapy. Results : There were 10 cases of recurrence and 4 cases of distant metastases ; lung, liver and femur(2 cases) respectively. The 5-year recurrence rate was 37%, while the 10-year recurrence rose to 77%. There was also statistically significant difference of median recurrence-free survival between the completely-resected group(Simpson grade 1 or 2) and partially-resected group(Simpson grade 3 or 4 or 5) ; 137 months compared to 47 months, respectively(p=0.009). The median recurrence-free period after subtotal resection of tumor and postoperative radiotherapy was 47 months compared to 117 months of the patients who underwent gross total resection of tumor and did not receive radiotherapy. But radiation therapy alone did not show significant difference in recurrence-free survival. Marked tumor volume reduction and easy removal of tumors without bleeding were found in 2 recurred cases. Conclusion : The extent of tumor resection and presence of metastasis are the most important factors related to long-term outcome of the patients with hemangiopericytoma. Radiation therapy after the first operation did not have a role in extending the recurrence-free survival, but it affected favorably to decrease the size of residual mass and intraoperative bleeding during the second operation.