• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2013

This study reports the discovery of two oxytrichid ciliates, Cyrtohymena primicirrata (Berger and Foissner, 1987) and Oxytricha granulifera Foissner and Adam, 1983, in Jeju Island, Korea. The morphology of the two species was studied using live observation and protargol impregnation. These species are described as follows: Cyrtohymena primicirrata has a body size in live specimens $90-140{\times}40-60{\mu}m$, length : width ratio 2.3 : 1 on average; elongated and slender obovate in outline of body. Cortical granules are shiny yellow on the ventral and dorsal side. Adoral zone of membranelles (AZM) is covering about 48% of the cell with about 38 adoral membranelles. Arrangement of undulating membranes is ordinary Cyrtohymena pattern. Dorsal kineties is six rows with $5{\mu}m$ long bristles. Oxytricha granulifera has a body size in live specimens $90-115{\times}25-38{\mu}m$, length : width ratio 3.31 on average; elongated ellipsoidal in outline of body. Cortical granules are colorless on the ventral and dorsal side. AZM is covering 28% of the cell length in vivo with about 24 adoral membranelles. Arrangement of undulating membranes is Oxytricha pattern. Dorsal kineties is five rows with about $3{\mu}m$ long dorsal bristles.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.307-316
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• 2010

To investigate the Korean ciliate fauna, two oxytrichid ciliates, Laurentiella strenua (Dingfelder, 1962) and Notohymena australis (Foissner and O'Donoghue, 1990) were collected from the Taehwa River in Ulsan, South Korea. These two ciliates are reported for the first time in Korea. Descriptions were based on the observation of live and silver stained specimens. Diagnoses of these species are as follows: Laurentiella strenua: body is approximately $320{\times}170\;{\mu}m$ in size, an inverted triangular shape. Cytoplasmic globules are present in both anterior and posterior margins, transparent and sized $10-15\;{\mu}m$ in live specimens. Adoral zone of membranelles is covering about 50% of body length. Frontoventral-transverse cirri are arranged diagonally into 5 rows. Transverse cirri are arranged almost longitudinally and varied 4-6 in number. Dorsal kineties are 11 rows with multiple fragmentations. Macronuclei are 4-5 in number. Notohymena australis: body is approximately $170{\times}50\;{\mu}m$ in live specimens, slender and long ellipsoidal shape. Yellowish green cortical granules are present as pairs or rows which composed of 3-6 granules. Adoral zone of membranelles is covering about 36% of the body length, composed of 39-50 adoral membranelles. Dorsal kineties is 6 rows. Macronuclei are 2 in number.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.42
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• pp.69-90
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• 1999

Mannerism style evolved from the Renaissance style adopting the concept of grace as the ideal beauty, Having its ground on Neoplatonism the main goal of mannerism art was the realization of the invisible beauty over reality. Mannerism style in dress flourished in the sixteenth century court society, when courtly manners and courtly grace became the most important qualities in social relationship. Courtiers thought that courtly grace the ideal of beauty could be realized in the cultured and studied elegance. Mannerism style in dress evolved from the process of transforming and manipulating the Renaissance look for the abstract of beauty. The clothes of Mannerism style were against the natural movement of the human body. There was a tendency of refining and polishing the whole clothing and various technical skills were experim-ented on the mannerism style. The outstanding elements of this tendency can be found in the details like ruffs fathingale padding slashing puffing and etc. Mannerism intended to reconstruct the human body artificially to express courtly grace and novelty. During that process the new pose 'figura serpentinata' which is bizarre convoluted pose with full of flexibility was created. The expression of human body became more slender with elongated legs a torso with a long neck and a tiny head. This tendency of distorting the natural body forms were reflected in the formal characteristics of Mannerism dress style which is geometrical abstr-action unnatural elongation complex disposition and control with perfect ease.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.143-153
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• 2003

This study was conducted in order to provide basic study material for children's garment design. The subjects of this study are fifth and sixth grade elementary school girls, who demonstrate rapid growth and the differences among individual somatic types are apparent. Their bodies are studied, categorized into patterns and the characteristics are examined. 1 The increase of height and length measurements according to age increase are much larger than that of breadth, depth and girth menasurments. 2. Eight factors are drawn upon factor analysis and the rate of factors comprisedare 78.68%. 3. The shapes of lower body of higher grades girls in elementary school are classified into three categories. The first type is slender in lower body and the second type is more contoured around waist area with longer length and higher height than the average elementary school girls. The third type is heavy in the lower body. 4. Eighteen items important for somatic categorization are selected through stepwise discriminant analysis and the exactitude rate of these items is 93.3%.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.259-267
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• 2019

Five free-living nematode species belonging to the order of Rhabditida are described for the first time in Korea. Two unrecorded species of Rhabditidae, Cruznema tripartitum (Linston, 1906) Zullini, 1982, and Poikilolaimus oxycerca de Man, 1895, and one species of Peloderidae, Pelodera strongyloides Schneider, 1860, were collected in Korea. C. tripartitum has nine pairs of genital papillae arranged in 2+2+1+4 differently from similar species of C. scarabaeum which has ten genital papillae arranged in 2+1+4+3. Poikilolaimus oxycerca has shorter tail (shorter than anal body diameter) compared to similar species of P. regenfussi which has longer tail(longer than anal body diameter). Pelodera strongyloides has shorter tail(1-1.5 times anal body diameters long) than P. punctata (4 anal body diameters long). Two unrecorded species of Panagrolaimidae, Panagrolaimus apicatus Schuurmans Stekhoven & Teunissen, 1938 and Panagrolaimus rigidus (Schneider, 1866) Thorne, 1937 were collected in Korea. P. apicatus has rounded and lower lip compared to similar species, P. margaretae Massey, 1964 which has finely pointed lip. P. rigidus has slender tail and lips rounded and flat barely separated when compared to similar species, P. subelongatus(Cobb, 1914) Thorne, 1937 which has plumper tail and lips are well separated.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.769-777
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• 2011

Anti-aging is one of the key words to have characterized Korean society, and Korean adults in their 40s and 50s are very interested in this word. In this study, their cognitive ages and body images which are expected to have been influenced by anti-ageing were determined and correlation between them was examined. A survey was conducted and 368 of 500 questionnaires were used in data analysis. Data were analyzed by descriptives, factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple response analysis through SPSS 12.0. The results are as follows. First, the cognitive ages of Korean adults in their 40s and 50s showed to be 37.5 years old which are 9.1 years old younger than their average actual ages. Second, their attitudinal body images appeared to be composed of appearance orientation and appearance evaluation, and appearance orientation represented to be a little higher than appearance evaluation. In addition, it showed that the correlation between cognitive ages and the attitudinal body images was low and negative. Third, people in their 40s and 50s revealed to think good health and impression as ideal body images. It was found that they regarded a face as the most important body part for ideal body images and were sensitive of their weight. Forth, correlation between cognitive ages and variables of ideal body images was identified to be significant in 4 variables which are slender, shapely and slim figure and good body proportions. In conclusion, it was shown that Korean adults in their 40s and 50s recognized themselves to be 9.1 years old younger and, the younger they perceive themselves, the younger body images they want. Also, it could be confirmed that anti-ageing is a megatrend in Korean society.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.203-214
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to classify the upper body of women into several kinds of somatotypes, using the method of Surgical Tape and making their shells. The subjects are 53 females 30 to 39 years-old. Fifty-three anthropometric data are measured per shell of bodysurface; six somatotype factors are obtained through principal component analysis and orthogonal rotation by the method of Varimax, Somatotype of women's upper body is achieved by cluster analysis, using the standardized factor score as an independent variable and the FASTCLUS of SAS by Kmeans. The results are as follows: 1. The number of the factors which explain the somatotype is six and those factors comprise 76.12 percent of total variance. Factor 1: related to the size of shape in the front of upper body Factor S: related to the size of shape in the back of upper body Factor 3: related to the type of the upper chest over the chest circumference line Factor 4: related to the length of·the upper body Factor 5: related to the part of the neck Factor 6: related to the type of the lower chest under the chest circumference line 2. Cluster analysis results in classification of upper body into five clusters. Cluster L: the length is the largest and the circumference is small. The part of waist is the largest and widest among surface areas. Cluster 2: Slender body line from chest to waist is characteristic. The length is longer. The part of upper and lower chest is larger among surface areas. Cluster S: the circumference is the smallest and armhole is small. The length and surface area are small. Cluster 4: the circumference and armhole is the largest. The length is the smallest. Cluster 5: the circumference is average and the length is a little long. The body line(silhouette) from chest to waist is curved slightly.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.138-145
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• 2001

This study aims to compare the beauty of costume in the Gothic with that of Renaissance periods. By analyzing the beauty of costume which reflects the ideal of the age, this study attempts to provide the insight which can predict the beauty of future costume The characteristics of Gothic costume is the from of the loose enveloping of the body, which can be accounted for from the influence the Christian religion, and the emphasis on the vertical line influenced by the steeple in the Gothic architecture expressing the enthusiasm of the religion. The emphasis on height in the Gothic cathedrals was reflected in the hennin, pointed shoes, and lengthy sleeves of Gothic dress. The beauty of Gothic costume lies in the from of slender, the emphases on the vertical line, the we of heraldry and parti-color, and pointed hat and shoe. The Renaissance architecture shows a broad horizontal appearance. There is the similarity between the Renaissance costume and Renaissance architecture. The beauty of Renaissance costume lies in the form of the exposing body, the exaggerated silhouette, the emphasis on the horizontal line, the use of ruff and slash in order to display the beauty of human body and the beauty of cubic. The ideal beauty of Gothic and Renaissance costume was influenced by the spirit the age and was in contrast.

• Journal of Ship and Ocean Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2004

Experiments on friction drag reduction by injecting polymer (Polyethylene oxide) solution or micro-bubbles were carried out in the cavitation tunnel of KRISO. Two different drag reduction mechanisms were applied to a slender axi-symmetric body to measure the total drag reduction. And then the amount of friction drag reduction was estimated under the assumption that the reduction mechanisms were effective only to the friction drag component. As the result of the tests, polymer solution drag reduction up to 23％ of the total drag was observed and it corresponds to about 35％ of the estimated friction drag of the axi-symmetric body. This result matched reasonably well to that of the flat plate test "(Kim et al, 2003)". The normalization of the controlling parameters was tried at the end of this paper. Micro-bubble drag reduction was within 1％ of its total drag. This unexpected result was quite different from that of the flat plate case "(Kim et at, 2003)" The possible reasons were discussed in this paper.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.391-399
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• 2012

This study helps out-size consumers purchase swimsuits and improves fitness by classifying the torso of middle-aged obese women; in addition, it creates a size system based on each size interval for obese types. The criteria for subjects in this study were over 25kg/$m^2$ of the BMI, over 85cm of waist, and over 95cm of bust; 199 females were surveyed. Three torso types were categorized by a cluster analysis into X type (the vertical size of hip girth was the biggest of the three and the waist was slender), H-O type (larger than other groups in bust girth with more fat above the circumstance of the abdomen), and Y type (the upper half of body development type and lower body fatness were between those of type X and those of type H-O). As a consequence of size system establishment according to obesity types, the basic body sizes and reference body sizes were different according to types even in commonly-appeared size names at sections of respective types. The research findings show the necessity to understand obesity types according to bust girth and hip girth sizes that represent basic sizes as well as to design patterns in consideration of the characteristics of obese body shapes when swimsuits are designed for obese groups. The findings can be used as basic data to decide the desirable output of production according to respective body types.