• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.60 no.5
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• pp.158-165
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• 2017

Purpose: To investigate the frequency of childhood sleep problems at pediatric clinics in Seoul and Gyeonggi provinces. Methods: Children (n=936) and their parents who visited 5 primary and 1 secondary pediatric outpatient clinics were invited to complete a Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire. Results: Among patients, 901 (96.3%) answered questionnaires in sufficient detail for evaluation. The participant's mean age was $4.35{\pm}3.02years$ (range, 0-18 years). The male to female ratio was 1:0.93 (466 boys, 435 girls). Habitual snoring (>3 day/week) was reported in 16.9% of the participants. The prevalence of habitual snoring in children <2 years and those between 2-5 years was 9% and 18%, respectively. Sleep disordered breathing was found in 15.1% (106 of 700) of children >2 years. Insomnia was reported in 13.2% of children. The prevalence of sleepwalking, night terrors, and bruxism, is 1.6%, 19%, and 21.1%, respectively. Snoring was associated with increased incidence of sleepwalking, night terrors, and bruxism. Age was associated with insomnia and habitual snoring (P<0.05). Insomnia was more prevalent in younger (21%) than in older children (6%). Snoring was more frequent in both preschool (34%) and school-aged children (33%). The frequency of sleep disordered breathing and insomnia did not vary significantly with gender. However, snoring was more prevalent in boys. Conclusion: Sleep problems are frequent among children in Korea. Children with snoring have an increased risk of sleepwalking, night terror, and bruxism. Primary clinicians should consider children's sleep habits to improve their health.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.102-109
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• 1999

Headaches and sleep problems are common complaints in clinical practice. The relationship of sleep and headache has been extensively studied. Brain systems involved in the regualtion of sleep may also play a role in the initiation of vascular headache. Some of the physiological alterations in sleep, particularly REM sleep, are similar to those described in vascular headache. Clinical studies have documented an association between vascular headache and sleep, and headache is a common symptom of sleep disorders. Sleep and headache are known to be interrelated in several ways. It can be summarized as follows: 1) sleep-related headaches, 2) sleep phase-related headaches, 3) length of sleep(excess, lack, and disruption) and headaches, 4) headache related to sleep associated behavior, 5) sleep disorders and headaches, 6) effects of headaches on sleep, and 7) dreams and headaches. Several mechanisms can be proposed to explain the relationship between sleep and headaches.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.470-475
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• 2019

Background: There is a lack of statistical analysis investigating the relationship between sleep problems and commute time in Korea. We aimed to analyze the association between representative health symptoms, sleep disturbances, and commute time according to working hours in Korea. Methods: The 4th Korean Working Conditions Survey data were used for analysis, and unpaid family workers and workers who work fewer than three days in a week were excluded. Commute time, working hours, and sleep hours were assessed using self-reported questionnaires. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for sleep problems were calculated using a multivariate logistic regression model with ≤10 min commute time as the reference group. Results: Among a total of 28,804 workers (men = 14,945, women = 13,859), 2.6% of men and 3.2% of women experienced sleep problems. In both sexes, long commute time (51-60 minutes and >60 minutes) showed an increased OR [men, 2.03 (CI = 1.32-3.13) and 2.05 (CI = 1.33-3.17); women, 1.58 (CI = 1.05-2.39) and 1.63 (CI = 1.06-2.50), respectively]. In stratification analysis of working hours, long commute time (51-60 and > 60 minutes) showed an increased OR in men working >40 hours/week [2.08 (CI = 1.16-3.71) and 1.92 (CI = 1.08-3.41), respectively]. Furthermore, long commute time (41-50, 51-60, and >60 minutes) showed an increased OR in women working >40 hours/week [2.40 (CI = 1.27-4.55), 2.28 (CI = 1.25-4.16), and 2.19 (CI = 1.17-4.16), respectively]. Moreover, commute time >60 minutes showed an increased OR in women working ≤40 hours/week [1.96 (CI = 1.06-3.62)]. Conclusion: This large cross-sectional study highlights that long commute time is related to sleep problems in both sexes. Shorter commute times and decreased working hours are needed to prevent sleep problems in workers.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2022

Dental sleep medicine is an up-and-coming discipline of dentistry, more specifically an offshoot of oral medicine. It traditionally focuses on sleep-related breathing disorders, such as snoring and obstructive sleep apnea. However, everyday practice shows that also other sleep disorders touch on dentistry, including orofacial pain, xerostomia, and bruxism. Therefore, a new definition has been formulated for dental sleep medicine as following; 'Dental sleep medicine is the discipline concerned with the study of the oral and maxillofacial causes and consequences of sleep-related problems'. It is this article's aim to further introduce the emerging discipline of dental sleep medicine to all professionals working in sleep medicine. This article briefly describes the different dental sleep disorders with special focus on the more remarkable associations between orofacial pain and sleep.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.47-56
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• 2015

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), most common respiratory disorder of sleep, is characterized by intermittent partial or complete occlusions of the upper airway due to loss of upper airway dilating muscle activity during sleep superimposed on a narrow upper airway. Termination of these events usually requires arousal from sleep and results in sleep fragmentation and hypoxemia, which leads to poor quality of sleep, excessive daytime sleepiness, reduced quality of life and numerous other serious health consequences Untreated OSAS can cause various problems such as hypertension, diabetes, stroke, cardiac disease, daytime sleepiness. Various treatments are available, including non-surgical treatment such as medication or modification of life style, surgical treatment, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and oral appliance (OA). Oral appliance is known to be effective in mild to moderate OSA, also genioglossus muscle advancement (GA) or maxillomandibluar advancement (MMA) is a good option for OSA patients with muscular or skeletal problems. Although the prevalence of OSA is increasing, the proportion of the patient treated by dentist is still very law. Dentists need to understand the mechanism of OSA and develop abilities to treat OSA patients with dental problems. The purpose of this paper is to give a brief overview about OSA and the dentist's role in OSA patients.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2020

Sleep disorder in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is common and typically is associated with oxygen desaturation. The mechanisms of desaturation include hypoventilation and ventilation to perfusion mismatch. Despite the importance of sleep in patients with COPD, this topic is under-assessed in clinical practice. Impaired sleep quality is associated with more severe COPD and may contribute to worse clinical outcomes. Recent data have indicated that specific respiratory management of patients with COPD and sleep disordered breathing improves clinical outcomes. Clinicians managing patients with COPD should pay attention to and actively manage symptoms of comorbid sleep disorders. Management of sleep-related problems in COPD should particularly focus on minimizing sleep disturbance.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.8
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• pp.718-725
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• 2007

Sleep disorders are very common among pediatric patients. Its prevalence is between 10% and 45% in preschool- and school-aged children. However parents commonly do not concern about their children's sleeping habits and for many pediatricians, there is not part of the routine office visit about a childs sleep. Sleep disorders were classified by International Classification of Sleep Disorder (ICSD) as dyssomnias, parasomnias, sleep disorders associated with mental, neurologic, or other medical disorders, and proposed sleep disorders. There are lots of differences in the causes, manifestations, and managements of sleep disorders between children and adult. The sleep disorders in childhood may manifest themselves as bedtime resistance, refusal to go to bed at a parentally described time, sleep-onset delay, inability to fall asleep within a reasonable time, prolonged nighttime awakening, and inability to return to sleep without assistance after waking during the night, and so have wide-ranging influences on children's behavior, mood, school performance, and family life. It's very important for pediatrician to concern about the sleep disturbances in childhood and so the problems of sleep in children should be early detected and managed.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2016

Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between subjective sleep problems and various types of traumatic events of patients with depressive disorder. Methods : A total of 411 patients diagnosed with depressive disorders were recruited in this study. The participants filled out Life Time Events Checklist (LEC), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). We used the independent t-test and analysis of covariance to compare each component of PSQI between depressive patients with and without traumatic experiences. Results : The groups of patients who experienced a serious accident at work, home or during recreational activity, sexual assault, other unwanted or uncomfortable sexual experience, life-threatening illness or injury, and sudden, unexpected death of a near and dear one showed lower scores in a few components of PSQI. Sleep disturbance was a common problem in all five groups. Lower subjective sleep quality and longer sleep latency was observed in three groups. There were no differences in the other components of PSQI among groups. Conclusion : This study showed that various types of traumatic events may have different effects on subjective sleep quality as a consequence of the traumatic event which they had experienced.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.10-14
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• 2013

Sleep disturbances are commonly encountered problems in cancer patients. Sleep has a role in maintenance of immunity, metabolism, and quality of life but little has been known about the prevalence, risk factors, and effects on prognosis of sleep disturbances in patients with cancer. Also little attention has been made on proper assessment and management of sleep disorders in these patients. Recently, there have been some reports that sleep disorders are related with development of many cancers such as breast, colorectal, prostate, and endometrial cancers. An intermittent hypoxia and a disruption of circadian rhythm are considered as one of the possible mechanisms of cancer developments. More aggressive evaluation and meticulous management of sleep disturbances in cancer patients are essential to improve quality of life as well as prognosis.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2019

Personality, especially neuroticism has been found related to be related with poor sleep quality. This study focused on emotion regulation, reappraisal and suppression, which can buffer or aggravate the effect of neuroticism influencing sleep quality. One hundred and forty two ordinary adults were used in this study and were recruited and required to complete a package of questionnaires including: the Eysenck personality Questionnaire/EPQ, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire/ERQ, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index/PSQI. The result was that participants with higher neuroticism had poorer sleep qualities than those with lower neuroticism. Moreover, participants that had high neuroticism and high reappraisal had better sleep qualities. This means that there was an interaction effect of neuroticism and reappraisal on sleep quality. However, suppression did not have a moderating effect on the relation between neuroticism and sleep quality. These findings inferred that reappraisal plays an important moderating role (buffering effect) on the relationship between neuroticism and sleep quality. Reappraisal cannot only prevent people high in neuroticism from sleep problems but can also buffer symptoms of sleep disorder by treating patient's negative emotions.