• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 2002

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common and devastating dementing disorders of old age. Most AD patients showed significant alternation of sleep structure as well as cognitive deficit. Typical findings of sleep architecture in AD patients include lower sleep efficiency, higher stage 1 percentage, and greater frequency of arousals. The slowing of EEG activity is also noted. Abnormalities in REM sleep are of particular interest in AD because the cholinergic system is related to both REM sleep and AD. Several parameters representing REM sleep structure such as REM latency, the amount of REM sleep, and REM density are change in patients with AD. Especially, measurements of EEG slowing during tonic REM sleep can be used as an EEG marker for early detection of possible AD. In addition, a structural defect in the suprachiasmatic nucleus is suggested to cause various chronobiological alternations in AD. Most of alternations related to sleep make sleep disturbances common and disruptive symptoms of AD. In this article, the author reviewed the alternation of sleep structure and circadian rhythm in AD patients.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.10-15
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• 2016

Since its development in the early 70s, actigraphy has been widely used in sleep research and clinical sleep medicine as an assessment tool of sleep and sleep-wake cycles. The validation and reliability of actigraphic measures have been reasonably examined in healthy normal individuals with good sleep patterns. Recent literature suggests that the use of actigraphy could be further extended to monitor insomnia and circadian sleep-wake disturbances, and detect sleep changes associated with drug treatments and non-pharmacologic interventions, although it is generally recommended to use complementary assessments such as sleep diaries and overnight polysomnography when possible. The development of actigraphy includes its improved hardware sensors for better detection of movements and advanced algorithms to score sleep and wake epochs. In this paper, we briefly review the quantitative analysis methods of actigraphy and its potential applications in sleep research.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess influences of psychological factors on sleep disturbances in young adults through the revised version of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2). Methods: Two hundred and ninety nine college students in Gyeonggi-do completed the MMPI-2 and a questionnaire related to sleep disturbances and collected data were analyzed by logistic regression. Results: The odds of tooth grinding increased significantly with the increase of T-score of hysteria (Hy) scale. The increase of T-score of hypomania (Ma) and social introversion (Si) scale significantly contributed to the risk of insomnia. The occurrence of insomnia increased significantly as T-score of somatic complaints (RC1) and psychoticism (PSYC) scale increased. The odds of tooth grinding increased significantly as T-score of anxiety (ANX) and family problems (FAM) scale increased. The occurrence of insomnia decreased significantly with the increase of T-score of type A behavior (TPA) scale. The increase of T-score of dominance (Do) scale significantly contributed to the risk of tooth clenching. The odds of tooth grinding decreased significantly as T-score of MacAndrew alcoholism-revised (MAC-R) scale increased, whereas it increased significantly as T-score of addiction potential scale (APS) increased. No scale of MMPI-2 significantly affected the occurrence of snoring. Conclusions: T-scores of Hy, ANX, FAM, Do, MAC-R, and APS scales on MMPI-2 affected the risk of bruxism. T-scores of Ma, Si, RC1, PSYC, and TPA scales on MMPI-2 influenced the occurrence of insomnia. The psychometric instrument such as MMPI-2 is helpful in understanding and managing bruxism and insomnia.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.102-109
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the association between sleep disturbances and personality type. Methods: Five hundred twenty-four college students in Gyeonggi-do completed the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) and a questionnaire and collected data were analyzed by SAS 9.4 program. Results: Extroversion (E) type, sensation (S) type, and perceiving (P) type had significantly higher prevalence of insomnia than introversion (I) type (p<0.05), intuition (N) type (p<0.05), and judging (J) type (p<0.001), respectively. Tooth grinding, snoring and insomnia appeared to occur more frequently in feeling (F) type than in thinking (T) type. Tooth clenching, tooth grinding and snoring seemed to occur more frequently in S type than in N type. Insomnia occurred significantly the most frequently in sensation-feeling (SF) type (p<0.05). Tooth grinding and snoring seemed to occur the most frequently in SF type. A significantly increased percentage of sensation-perceiving (SP) type demonstrated insomnia (p<0.001). Tooth clenching, tooth grinding and snoring seemed to occur the most frequently in sensation-judging (SJ) type. Sensitive or nervous type of personality had significantly higher prevalence of insomnia than relaxed or general type of personality (p<0.01). A significantly increased percentage of subjects with bad general health status showed insomnia (p<0.0001). Tooth clenching and snoring seemed to occur the most frequently in subjects with bad general health status. A significantly decreased percentage of normal weight subjects demonstrated tooth grinding (p<0.05). Snoring occurred significantly the most frequently in overweight subjects (p<0.001). Tooth clenching showed significant correlation with stress (p<0.01) and personality (p<0.05). Snoring showed significant correlation with stress (p<0.05) and body weight (p<0.001). Insomnia showed significant correlation with stress (p<0.0001), personality (p<0.01), and general health status (p<0.0001). Conclusions: Sleep disturbances including tooth clenching and insomnia were associated with personality type and it is desirable to manage them considering personality type.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.29
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• pp.6.1-6.6
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• 2014

Objectives Hospitalized patients are vulnerable to sleep disturbances because of environmental stresses including noise. While most previous studies on hospital noise and sleep have been performed for medical machines in intensive care units, there is a limited data for patients hospitalized in medical wardrooms. The purpose of present study was to measure noise level of medical wardrooms, identify patient-perceived sources of noise, and to examine the association between noise levels and sleep disturbances in hospitalized patients. Methods Noise dosimeters were used to measure noise level in 29 inpatient wardrooms at a university hospital. Sleep pattern and disturbance were assessed in 103 hospitalized patients, using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire. Results The mean equivalent continuous noise level for 24 hours was 63.5 decibel A (dBA), which was far higher than 30 dBA recommended by the World Health Organization for hospital wardrooms. Other patients sharing a room were perceived as the most common source of noise by the patients, which was usually preventable. Of the patients in the study, 86% had bad sleep as assessed by the PSQI. The sleep disturbance was significantly correlated with increasing noise levels in a dose response manner. Conclusions Systemic organizational interventions are needed to keep wardrooms private and quiet to reduce sleep disturbance.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.203-211
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relations between sensory processing and sleep disturbances and to investigate the effect of sensory processing on sleep disorder in preschool children with developmental disorder. This study was conducted for 110 children with developmental disorder in developmental clinic and rehabilitation hospital in Gwang Ju from June to August, 2017. The final 109 data were analyzed. Sensory processing and Sleep disturbances were measured using the Shortened sensory profile(SSP) and Korean-the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire(K-CSHQ). Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were performed. Children with developmental disorder had problems with sensory processing and sleep habits. Sensory processing was related to sleep habit and most important factors of sensory processing influencing sleep was taste/olfactory sensitivity, auditory filtering. Conclusion: In order to help children with developmental disorder with sleep problem, it is necessary to consider the sensory processing especially taste/olfactory sensitivity, auditory filtering.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.78-85
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• 2023

Background: Poor sleep quality is associated with psychoactive substance abuse/addiction/withdrawal. Auricular acupuncture (AA) is a nonpharmacological method used for the treatment of sleep disturbances. This study aimed to examine the quality of sleep before and after AA in participants with mental and behavioral disorders due to prior multiple drug use in the therapeutic community. Methods: This was a consecutive case series of 27 participants (25 male [92.6%]). The median age was 35.0 years (interquartile range [IQR], 29.0-37.2 years), methadone/buprenorphine were not used, and the participants were treated with AA (median number of treatments, 15.0 [IQR, 12.0-18.0]) during a median period of 51.0 days (IQR, 49.0-51.0 days) according to the National Acupuncture Detoxification Association (NADA)-Acudetox protocol. Sleep quality was determined using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), a self-rated questionnaire that assesses sleep quality and disturbances over a 1-month interval. Results: The global PSQI score dropped (indicating better sleep quality) by a median of 3.0 points (IQR, 0.0-8.0 points) after treatment. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, with an increase in global PSQI score during AA by 1 point, there was a 0.73-fold reduction in the risk of poor sleep quality post-AA (adjusted odds ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.52-1.01; p<0.055; Nagelkerke's R² =0.66). Conclusion: The results revealed a positive effect of AA (by the NADA-Acudetox protocol) on sleep quality (as measured by PSQI) among participants in a treatment center with mental and behavioral disorders due to multiple drug use.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.8
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• pp.718-725
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• 2007

Sleep disorders are very common among pediatric patients. Its prevalence is between 10% and 45% in preschool- and school-aged children. However parents commonly do not concern about their children's sleeping habits and for many pediatricians, there is not part of the routine office visit about a childs sleep. Sleep disorders were classified by International Classification of Sleep Disorder (ICSD) as dyssomnias, parasomnias, sleep disorders associated with mental, neurologic, or other medical disorders, and proposed sleep disorders. There are lots of differences in the causes, manifestations, and managements of sleep disorders between children and adult. The sleep disorders in childhood may manifest themselves as bedtime resistance, refusal to go to bed at a parentally described time, sleep-onset delay, inability to fall asleep within a reasonable time, prolonged nighttime awakening, and inability to return to sleep without assistance after waking during the night, and so have wide-ranging influences on children's behavior, mood, school performance, and family life. It's very important for pediatrician to concern about the sleep disturbances in childhood and so the problems of sleep in children should be early detected and managed.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.59-62
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• 2012

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by identity and interpersonal problem, affective dysregulation and pervasive severe impulsivity. Although sleep disturbances are not primary symptoms of BPD, they are important aspects of this disorder. However, clinicians and researchers did not give much attention to the sleep symptoms of BPD yet. Measured by nocturnal polysomnography, increased sleep latency as well as reduced total sleep time and sleep efficiency, and 'depression-like' REM abnormalities (i.e., reduced REM latency and increased REM density) are found in BPD patients. Co-morbid sleep disorders such as chronic insomnia, nightmare disorder or circadian rhythm sleep disorder associated with BPD have been reported. Clinicians should focus on the sleep complaints of BPD patients, and carefully manage such symptoms with sleep hygiene education, cognitive psychotherapy or light therapy.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.183-193
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence and risk factors of sleep disturbance among community dwelling adults in Korea. Methods: Data were collected from nine hundred fifty nine adults dwelling in a metropolitan city in Korea. Subjects were older than 45 years, did not take medication for sleep problems on a regular basis, and did not work at night. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to collect data about sleep disturbance. Sociodemographic, life style, and health related factors were included as risk factors. Chi square test and logistic stepwise regression were used to identify the risk factors. Results: The prevalence of sleep disturbance was 13.1%. The significant risk factors were being female, age, number of toilet use at night, perceived health, and pain. Risk factors were somewhat different by gender. Emotional and job status were the risk factors only for men and menopausal status were for women. Conclusion: Prevalence of sleep disturbance in community dwelling adults in Korea was not greater than those dwelling in other countries. Females, older adults, the number of toilet use at night, perceived health, and pain were the most important risk factors for sleep disturbances. Gender was a factor in reported sleep disturbances. It might be useful to investigate the factors that contribute to the number of toilet use at night as this might have some underlying factors that could be corrected.