• Title/Summary/Keyword: Skin whitening agents

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Evaluation of Skin Sensitization Potential of Skin Whitening Agents by Local Lymph Node Assay (국소 림프절 시험법(Local lymph node assay)을 이용한 피부미백화장품 원료의 피부감작성 연구)

  • 이종권;박승희;박재현;김형수;엄준호;남기택;한범석;장동덕;최광식
    • Toxicological Research
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.285-291
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    • 2003
  • The use of skin whitening agents has been recently increased in various kinds of cosmetic products, although there were some reports that whitening agents might cause allergic contact dermatitis. A murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) has been developed as an alternative to guinea pigs for contact sensitization potential. This study was carried out to investigate the skin sensitization potential of three whitening agents, arbutin, azelaic acid, and kojic acid, by LLNA using a non-radiois-topic endpoint. Female Balb/c mice were exposed topically to a weak allergen, $\alpha$-hexylcinnamalde-hyde (HCA), and three whitening agents following LLNA protocol. Lymph node (LN) weight and cell proliferation in ears and auricular lymph node using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) immunohistochemistry were evaluated. LN weights were significantly increased at the HCA group compared to the vehicle control. A weak allergen, HCA elicited 3-fold or greater increase in cell proliferation of lymph nodes as well as increase in cell proliferation of ear as measured by BrdU immunohistochemistry. However, in the case of skin whitening agent groups, there were no significant changes in LN weight and cell proliferation in the ear and lymph node of mice treated with 5, 10 and 20% of three whitening agents compared to the vehicle control. These results show that these three skin whitening agents may not have contact sensitization potentials at tested concentrations in Balb/c mice by LLNA.

Evaluation of skin sensitzation to skin whitening agents by local lymph node assay in Balb/c mice

  • Lee, Jong-Kwon;Park, Seung-Hee;Park, Jae-Hyun;Kim, Hyung-Soo;Chung, Seung-Tae;Juno H. Eom;Seo, Gi-Ho;Byun, Jung-A;Oh, Hye-Young
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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    • 2003.05a
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    • pp.80-80
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    • 2003
  • The use of skin whitening agents have been recently increased in various kinds of cosmetic products, although there were reports that whitening agents might cause allergic contact dermatitis. A murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) has been developed as an alternative to guinea pigs for contact sensitization potential. This study was carried out to investigate the skin sensitization potential of three whitening agents, kojic acid, arbutin, azelaic acid, by LLNA using a non-radioistopic endpoint.(omitted)

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Development of Anti-Melanogenic Agent for Skin Whitening

  • Ahn, Soo-Mi
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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    • 2007.11a
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    • pp.129-139
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    • 2007
  • Many modalities of treatment for acquired skin hyperpigmentation are available including chemical agents or physical therapies, but none are completely satisfactory. The ideal depigmenting compound should have a potent. rapid and selective bleaching effect on hyperactivated melanocytes, carry no short- or long-term side-effects and lead to a permanent removal of undesired pigment. acting at one or more steps of the pigmentation process. Depigmentation can be achieved by regulating (i) the transcription and activity of tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein-1 (TRP-1), tyrosinase related protein-2 (TRP-2), and/or peroxidase; (ii) the uptake and distribution of melanosomes in recipient keratinocytes and (iii) melanin and melanosome degradation and turnover of pigmented keratinocytes. One of the interesting point for development of skin whitening agent is Mitf(Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor). Mitf belongs to the basic helix-loop-helix-zip family of trabscription factors and it is crucial as it regulates both melanocyte proliferation as well as melanogenesis and is the major regulator of tyrosinase and the related enzymes (TRPs), as well as many melanosome structural proteins such as pMel17. Recently, we developed MITF-down-regulating agents from natural and synthetic sources, which have anti-melanogenic effect on in vitro and in vivo. We suggested that potent MITF-down regulating agents might be used for skin whitening cosmeceuticals.

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Potential Skin Whitening Agents of Natural Origin from South Asian Region (남아시아지역의 천연 미백제의 연구 현황)

  • Babitha, Sumathy;Shin, Jeong-Hyun;Kim, Eun-Ki
    • Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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    • v.35 no.1
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    • pp.1-9
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    • 2009
  • South Asian's growing obsession with fair skin has made the cosmetic industry into a multibillion-dollar trade over the last decade alone. With reports of toxicity and potential mutagenicity of conventional skin lightening agents, cosmetic industries are looking for plant-based skin whitening formulations. In this review some potential depigmentation agents from South Asian region are discussed, including their historical background, biochemical characteristics and recent findings on their depigmenting activity.

A Study on the Tyrosinase Inhibitory and Antioxidant Effect of Microalgae Extracts

  • Ji, Keunho;Kim, Yeeun;Kim, Young Tae
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.49 no.2
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    • pp.167-173
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    • 2021
  • Reactive oxygen species (ROS) disrupt the cellular redox balance, exert cytotoxic effects, and consequently promote the development of various diseases in humans. Previous studies have reported that antioxidants counteract the adverse effects of ROS. Several studies examine the whitening effects of various agents based on their ability to inhibit tyrosinase activity. Tyrosinase is a critical enzyme involved in the synthesis of melanin, which protects the skin against radiation. Various agents exhibiting antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities have been synthesized. However, these synthetic drugs are associated with toxicity, decreased safety, and poor skin penetration in vivo, which has limited the clinical application of synthetic drugs. This study examined the antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of some microalgae. The methanol, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate extracts of four microalgal species (Tetraselmis tetrathele, Dunaliella tertiolecta, Platymonas sp., and Chaetoceros simplex) were prepared. The physiological and whitening effects of microalgal extracts were investigated by measuring the antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities. The ethyl acetate extract of D. tertiolecta exhibited the highest antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities. Future studies must focus on examining the whitening effects of microalgae on cell lines to facilitate the development of microalga-based therapeutics for skin diseases, functional health foods, and whitening agents. Thus, microalgae have potential applications in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries.

Effect of ginseng and ginsenosides on melanogenesis and their mechanism of action

  • Kim, Kwangmi
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • v.39 no.1
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    • pp.1-6
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    • 2015
  • Abnormal changes in skin color induce significant cosmetic problems and affect quality of life. There are two groups of abnormal change in skin color; hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation. Hyperpigmentation, darkening skin color by excessive pigmentation, is a major concern for Asian people with yellowe-brown skin. A variety of hypopigmenting agents have been used, but treating the hyperpigmented condition is still challenging and the results are often discouraging. Panax ginseng has been used traditionally in eastern Asia to treat various diseases, due to its immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, antioxidative, and antitumor activities. Recently, several reports have shown that extract, powder, or some constituents of ginseng could inhibit melanogenesis in vivo or in vitro. The underlying mechanisms of antimelanogenic properties in ginseng or its components include the direct inhibition of key enzymes of melanogenesis, inhibition of transcription factors or signaling pathways involved in melanogenesis, decreasing production of inducers of melanogenesis, and enhancing production of antimelanogenic factor. Although there still remain some controversial issues surrounding the antimelanogenic activity of ginseng, especially in its effect on production of proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide, these recent findings suggest that ginseng and its constituents might be potential candidates for novel skin whitening agents.

Development of an In Vitro Pigmented Skin Model to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Whitening Functional Cosmetic Ingredients (미백 기능성 화장품 원료의 유효성 평가를 위한 In Vitro 색소화피부모델 개발)

  • Kim, Seolyeong;Lee, Geonhee;Gwak, Eun Ji;Kim, Su Ji;Lee, Su Hyon;Lim, Kyung-Min
    • Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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    • v.47 no.4
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    • pp.297-304
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    • 2021
  • In this study, we prepared a pigmented skin model, KeraSkin-MTM for the in vitro evaluation of whitening agents. For the purpose of complementing the existing mono-layer cell culture testing method, KeraSkin-MTM was produced through the co-culture of human skin-derived keratinocytes and melanocytes. The efficacy of four well-known whitening agents (arbutin, ascorbic acid, kojic acid, niacinamide) was evaluated in KeraSkin-MTM in order to assess its usefulness in assessing whitening efficacy. As a result, it was possible to observe additional details such as the distribution of melanin granules and melanin capping in each skin layer through KeraSkin-MTM, which was previously difficult to assess in the traditional 2D cell culture system. In addition, quantification through image analysis of KeraSkin-MTM allowed for a statistical analysis of the whitening effects. These results suggest that the KeraSkin-MTM can be used as a new evaluation method of evaluating whitening efficacy, as well as complement the traditional total melanin content and tyrosinase inhibition assays.