• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.258-265
• /
• 2010

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronically relapsing pruritic inflammatory skin disease. To find new anti-inflammatory products for skin inflammatory disease such as AD and contact dermatitis, we produced the effective microorganism fermentation substance (EM-S) by fermentation of medicinal plants with effective microorganisms including photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and yeast, screened the effects of EM-S on NC/Nga model mice. Murine AD-like skin lesions were made by painting Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) extract. Topically applied EM-S significantly reduced clinical severity score, ear thickness and histological grade in AD-like NC/Nga mouse model by Df antigen sensitization. In addition, the serum IgE and Th2 chemokine levels (TARC/CCL17, MDC/CCL22 and CTACK/CCL27) were significantly reduced by EM-S. Futhermore, skin tissue expressions of Th2 chemokines were significantly reduced by EM-S. These results demonstrate that topical application of EM-S may be improve the AD-like skin lesion by suppressing IgE and Th2 chemokines.

• Advances in concrete construction
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.357-367
• /
• 2020

The impulse of this paper is to examine the influence of unsteady flow comprising of Eyring-Powell nanofluid over a stretched surface. This work aims to explore efficient transfer of heat in Eyring-Powell nanofluid with bio-convection. Nanofluids possess significant features that have aroused various investigators because of their utilization in industrial and nanotechnology. The influence of including motile microorganism is to stabilize the nanoparticle suspensions develop by the mixed influence of magnetic field and buoyancy force. This research paper reveals the detailed information about the linearly compressed Magnetohydrodynamics boundary layer flux of two dimensional Eyring-Powell nanofluid through disposed surface area due to the existence of microorganism with inclusion the influence of non- linear thermal radiation, energy activation and bio-convection. The liquid is likely to allow conduction and thickness of the liquid is supposed to show variation exponentially. By using appropriate similarity type transforms, the nonlinear PDE's are converted into dimensionless ODE's. The results of ODE's are finally concluded by employing (HAM) Homotopy Analysis approach. The influence of relevant parameters on concentration, temperature, velocity and motile microorganism density are studied by the use of graphs and tables. We acquire skin friction, local Nusselt and motil microorganism number for various parameters.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.219-225
• /
• 2007

Objectives : We investigated the anti-aging effects on skin with Saccharomyces fermented modified Kyungohkgo extract (SFKE). Methods : Fermented modified Kyungohkgo extracts by 14 different kinds of microorganism were prepared and most effective Saccharomyces fermented modified Kyungohkgo extract among these was selected for anti-aging agent. We measured various effects related to skin such as scavenging activity against free radical, cell proliferation, collagen synthesis and toxicity of SFKE were evaluated and compared with modified Kyungohkgo extract (KE). Results : Free-radical scavenging activity and cell proliferating ratio of SFKE were 2 and 8 times higher than those of KE. The SFKE could significantly increase the collagen synthetic ratio compared with KE treated group. SFKE showed no toxicity at all tested concentrations. Conclusions : The results of our study propose that SFKE have good anti-aging effects on skin.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.23-30
• /
• 2009

Slow sand filtration (SSF) was the first engineered/mechanical filtration process used in drinking water treatment. In SSF, untreated water slowly percolate through a bed of porous sand. Biological activity within the sand bed have the strongest influence on removal efficiency of pollutants by slow sand filtration. In this study, the microbial population distributions in slow sand filters operated at the various operation conditions was evaluated. The concentrations of $10^4$ to $10^5$ CFU per g dry wt. were observed. No significant differences were seen between the number of filter-covered materials. The data indicate that the temperature has affect on population distribution. Also, the light exposure was influenced on microorganism in slow sand filtration according to the heterotropic plate counts. The role of microorganism within the sand media requires further study.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
• /
• 2003.09a
• /
• pp.700-718
• /
• 2003

Fructan, a polysaccharide existing in plants or produced by microorganisms, is a sugar polymer of fructose with $\beta$-2,6 linkages. In this study, we investigated some cosmeceutical properties of Fructan such as moisturizing effect, cell proliferation effect, anti-inflammation effect and cell cytotoxicity. Zymomonas mobilis, a microorganism producing Fructan, was cultured in a medium containing 10％ sucrose and 2％ yeast extract as main components for 24 hours at 37$^{\circ}C$ and pH 7. Fructan was obtained by precipitation from the cultured medium by adding alcohol (alcohol ratio of 1:3) after removing the enzyme by centrifuging. Fructan exhibited almost same moisturizing effect as hyaluronic acid and cell proliferation effect on human fibroblast and keratinocyte as well. Moreover, on cell proliferation test on bio-artificial skin constructed by 3-dimensional(3-D) culture after inducing primary skin inflammation with 0.5％ sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), the 3-D artificial skin treated with 0.01 mg/ml, 0.05mg/ml of Fructan exhibited higher cell proliferation than the 3-D artificial skin treated with SLS only. On anti-inflammation test on 3-D artificial skin evaluated by measuring secreted quantity of interleukin-1$\alpha$ (IL-1$\alpha$) which is a pre-inflammatory mediator induced by SLS, the quantity of IL-1$\alpha$on the 3-D artificial skin treated with 0.01 mg/ml, 0.05mg/ml of Fructan was less than the one on the 3-D artificial skin treated with SLS only. As a result of these studies, Fructan has anti-inflammation effect against inflammatory reaction by a skin irritant as well as cell proliferation effect in bio-artificial skin. Fructan was also evaluated as a safe material without any toxicity in safety tests using fibroblasts and animals.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.17 no.6
• /
• pp.1357-1360
• /
• 2008

Propionibacterium acnes is the predominant organism in sebaceous regions of the skin and is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflamed lesions. Antibacterial compounds against P. acnes were isolated from the ethanol extract of Kaempferia pandurata Roxb. and identified as panduratin A and isopanduratin A. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of panduratin A for P. acnes were 2 and $4{\mu}g/mL$, respectively, while those of isopanduratin A were 4 and $8{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The time-dependent killing effect showed that panduratin A and isopanduratin A completely inhibited the growth of P. acnes at 4 and $8{\mu}g/mL$ in 48 hr, respectively. Panduratin A and isopanduratin A demonstrated high antibacterial activities not only against P. acnes but also other skin microorganisms. The results suggest that panduratin A and isopanduratin A could be employed as natural antibacterial agents to inhibit the growth of acne and skin disease causing microorganisms.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.44 no.2
• /
• pp.225-231
• /
• 2004

This study was conducted to determine the incidence of microorganisms associated with dressed broiler with intact skin and without skin at different frozen storage periods such as 0, 10, 20, 30 days and to demonstrate the role of packaging and pretreatment chilling on the changes of carcass quality. The values of total viable count (TVC), total coliform count (TCC), total streptococcal count (TStC) and total staphylococcal count (TSC) were determined for meat samples of thigh and breast and swab samples of visceral surfaces of the broilers with intact skin and without skin. It was observed that the values of TVC, TCC, TStC and TSC in both cases of dressed broiler with intact skin and without skin exceeded the International Commission on Microbiological Specification for Foods. However, numbers of microorganisms were considerably decreased during the frozen storage. Packing and prechilled conditions were generally better effective in decrease of the loads of microorganisms than without packing and prechilled conditions, and lower bacterial numbers were also found in dressed broiler with intact skin than that without skin. The highest sensory panel score was obtained at 10 days of frozen storage. These results, thus, indicate that usages of appropriate periods and conditions of frozen storage and packaging systems can minimize the potential health hazards associated with contaminants gaining access to the dressed or processed broilers and improve the quality and shelf life of dressed broilers.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.341-350
• /
• 2015

Skin carrys out protective role against harmful outer environment assaults including ultraviolet radiation, heavy metals and oxides. Especially, ultraviolet-B (UVB) light causes inflammatory reactions in skin such as sun burn and erythma and stimulates melanin pigmentation. Furthermore, the influx of UVB into skin cells causes DNA damage in keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts, inhibition of extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis which leads to a decrease in elasticity of skin and wrinkle formation. It also damages dermal connective tissue and disrupts the skin barrier function. Prolonged exposure of human skin to UVB light is well known to trigger severe skin lesions such as cell death and carcinogenesis. Haloarcula vallismortis is a halophilic microorganism isolated from the Dead Sea, Its growth characteristics have not been studied in detail yet. It generally grows at salinity more than 10%, but the actual growth salinity usually ranges between 20 to 25%. Because H. vallismortis is found mainly in saltern or salt lakes, there could exist defense mechanisms against strong sunlight. One of them is generation of additional ATP using halorhodopsin which absorbs photons and produces energy by potential difference formed by opening the chloride ion channel. It often shows a color of pink or red because of their high content of carotenoid pigments and it is considered to act as a defense mechanism against intense UV irradiation. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effect of the halophilic microorganism, H. vallismortis, extract was investigated. It was found that H. vallismortis extract had protective effect on DNA damage induced by UV irradiation. These results suggest that the extract of halophilic bacterium, H. vallismortis could be used as a bio-sunscreen or natural sunscreen which ameliorate the harmful effects of UV light with its anti-inflammatory and DNA protective properties.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.46 no.2
• /
• pp.296-303
• /
• 2022

Background: Skin microbiota is important for maintenance of skin homeostasis; however, its disturbance may cause an increase in pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, we aimed to develop a red ginseng formulation that can selectively promote beneficial bacteria. Methods: The effects of red ginseng formulation on microorganism growth were analyzed by comparing the growth rates of Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, and Cutibacterium acnes. Various preservatives mixed with red ginseng formulation were evaluated to determine the ideal composition for selective growth promotion of S. epidermidis. Red ginseng formulation with selected preservative was loaded into a biocompatible polymer mixture and applied to the faces of 20 female subjects in the clinical trial to observe changes in the skin microbiome. Results: Red ginseng formulation promoted the growth of S. aureus and S. epidermidis compared to fructooligosaccharide. When 1,2-hexanediol was applied with red ginseng formulation, only S. epidermidis showed selective growth. The analysis of the release rates of ginsenoside-Rg1 and -Re revealed that the exact content of Pluronic F-127 was around 11%. The application of hydrogel resulted in a decrease in C. acnes in all subjects. In subjects with low levels of S. epidermidis, the distribution of S. epidermidis was significantly increased with the application of hydrogel formulation and total microbial species of subjects decreased by 50% during the clinical trial. Conclusion: We confirmed that red ginseng formulation with 1,2-hexanediol can help maintain skin homeostasis through improvement of skin microbiome.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.226-231
• /
• 2006

Artemisia vulgaris, one of the most religious plants in Nepal, is used in the treatment of various ailments. In this study, antioxidative activity of essential oil from A. vulgaris was evaluated, using different in vitro methods and antimicrobial activity by disc diffusion method against skin disease microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Candida albicans and Propionibacterium acnes. The essential oil exhibited a concentration-dependent antioxidant activity. It showed strong metal chelating activity with low reducing and antioxidant power. However, gradual increase in radical scavenging activity was obtained with increasing concentration and reaction time. It also possessed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity and notable susceptibility was observed against S. pyogenes and P. acnes.