• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 2011

Objectives : Cupping therapy has been used as various treatment methods in oriental medicine clinic for a long time. Specially, Cupping stimulation caused skin hyperpigmentation which has been used as diagnosis method for extravasated blood & inner organs functional disease. But it was difficult to quantitatively measure and analyze the interrelation between extravasated blood and skin hyperpigmentation. The aim of this study is to measure the acupoint's RGB and melanin change pattern by stimulating under fixed 80kPa negative pressure and to evaluate the extravasated blood. Methods : To evaluate extravasated blood, 10 acupoints (left/right BL13, BL15, BL18, BL20, BL23) were stimulated by treatment 80kPa negative pressure for 1 minute. And then we measured the acupoints' skin color change patterns using the color meter, followed by RGB analysis and melanin change pattern. Results and Conclusions : We could observe the correlation of the acupoints' skin color condition related with RGB change pattern. All acupoints' color change degree were different. Regardless of acupoints' color degree due to extravasated blood, we observed in common the fact that RGB values decreased after stimulation and steadily increased according to time. We observed that melanin index increased after stimulation and recovered before stimulation-condition after the lapse of time. In other words, we confirmed the correlation between raised color change degree and $L^*a^*$ index change pattern. Therefore we observed the possibility of charting the $L^*a^*$ index following extravasated blood.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.69-77
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• 2016

Objectives : The objective of this study is to review external approaches using acupuncture and related treatments of hyperpigmentation disorders and their classification in traditional medicine. Methods and Results : Hyperpigmentation was recorded for the first time in Treatise on the Pathogenesis and Manifestations of All Diseases published in 610 A.D. This suggests that the symptom has already been recognized as an independent disease in East Asia for more than 1,400 years. Over the course of several centuries, there has been a significant evolution in the traditional treatments for hyperpigmentation. There are many different types of therapy, including body acupuncture, intradermal acupuncture, ear acupuncture, ear acupressure, blood-letting treatment, pharmacopuncture, plum-blossom needle therapy, burning acupuncture therapy, moxibustion, and guasha. In addition, the traditional classification of hyperpigmentation has been changing shape. However, no attempts have been made to establish the academic linkage between the modern classification of hyperpigmentation disorders and the traditional one, on account of different concepts and names of the ailment. This study was designed in an attempt to identify the linkage of the categorization of the Korean Standard Classification of Disease (KCD) and the traditional classification. Conclusions : Through this literature review, we found that there has been a significant evolution in the treatment of hyperpigmentation disorders in East Asia. Traditional medical treatment for skin disease, including hyperpigmentation, is expected to be further developed with the advancement of science and technology.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.279-285
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• 2015

Hyperpigmentation on face is a highly anxiety-producing symptom, especially for women from the aspect of beauty. Pigmentation of the skin is related to the amount of melanin that provides protection against UV radiation. In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy is a non-invasive imaging tool allowing visualization of the skin without tissue alteration, by placing a microscopy directly on the living skin. The aim of this study was to develop the new evaluation method of whitening effects using in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy and to validate other instruments for measuring skin colors, and UV-induced hyperpigmentation was elicited on the inside skin of the forearm. It suggested that the new method for whitening effects using the confocal microscopy was useful to evaluate the de-pigmentation products and to easy for understanding to customers.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.375-380
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• 2018

We have previously found that mycelia culture broth of eight kinds of traditional herbal extracts fermented with Phellinus linteus (previously named as 8-HsPLCB) not only inhibited melanin and tyrosinase activity, but also reduced the contents of melanogenesis-related proteins, including tyrosinase and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, in 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine-stimulated B16F0 melanoma cells. For a further study, the effect of 8-HsPLCB against skin pigmentation in brown guinea pigs with ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced hyperpigmentation was investigated. 8-HsPLCB (3%) and arbutin (2%) as positive controls were applied topically twice daily for 4 weeks to the hyperpigmented areas. 8-HsPLCB showed skin-lightening effect as effective as arbutin, one of the most widely used in whitening cosmetics. Melanin index values as the degree of pigmentation showed a significant reduction week by week post 8-HsPLCB treatment and then substantially reduced by 4 weeks. The degree of depigmentation after 4 weeks of topical application with 8-HsPLCB was 32.2% as compared with before treatment (0 week). Moreover, using Fontana-Masson staining and hematoxylin-eosin staining, 8-HsPLCB reduced melanin pigmentation in the basal layer of the epidermis and epidermal thickness changes exposed to the UV-B irradiation as compared with non-treatment and vehicle treatment. The intensity of the skin-lightening effect of 8-HsPLCB was similar to arbutin. These results suggest that the skin-lightening effect of 8-HsPLCB might be resulted from inhibition of melanin synthesis by tyrosinase in melanocytes. To conclude, 8-HsPLCB treatment showed reduction of the melanin pigment and histological changes induced by UV irradiation in brown guinea pigs.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.334-340
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• 2015

Background Full-thickness skin grafts (FTSGs) are generally considered unreliable for coverage of full-thickness finger defects with bone or tendon exposure, and there are few clinical reports of its use in this context. However, animal studies have shown that an FTSG can survive over an avascular area ranging up to 12 mm in diameter. In our experience, the width of the exposed bones or tendons in full-thickness finger defects is <7 mm. Therefore, we covered the bone- or tendon-exposed defects of 16 fingers of 10 patients with FTSGs. Methods The surgical objectives were healthy granulation tissue formation in the wound bed, marginal de-epithelization of the normal skin surrounding the defect, preservation of the subdermal plexus of the central graft, and partial excision of the dermis along the graft margin. The donor site was the mastoid for small defects and the groin for large defects. Results Most of the grafts (15 of 16 fingers) survived without significant surgical complications and achieved satisfactory functional and aesthetic results. Minor complications included partial graft loss in one patient, a minimal extension deformity in two patients, a depression deformity in one patient, and mild hyperpigmentation in four patients. Conclusions We observed excellent graft survival with this method with no additional surgical injury of the normal finger, satisfactory functional and aesthetic outcomes, and no need for secondary debulking procedures. Potential disadvantages include an insufficient volume of soft tissue and graft hyperpigmentation. Therefore, FTSGs may be an option for treatment of full-thickness finger defects with bone or tendon exposure.

• Korean journal of dermatology
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• v.56 no.9
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• pp.575-576
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• 2018

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.267.2-267.2
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• 2003

Melanin biosynthesis inhibitors are useful not only for the materials used in cosmetics as skin-whitening agents but also for the remedy of hyperpigmentation. In order to find the new skin-whitening compounds from the natural products. screening of tyrosinase inhibitory activity in vitro has been carried out. The EtOH extracts of two hundred crude drugs were performed at the concentration of 500 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$. (omitted)

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.136.2-137
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• 2001

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.70-79
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• 2012

Background and Objective : Bowen's disease is a type of an in situ squamous cell carcinoma. Typical type of Bowen's disease present as a gradually growing well-dermarcated erythematous plaque with an irregular border and surface crusting or scaling. This case demonstrates that Bowen's disease which had a relapse during applying the topical imiquimod can be treated by herbal medicine. Methods : A 72-year-old man patient presented with a erythematous plaque on his right medial malleolar area. The diagnosis of Bowen's disease was based on the clinical features. The chief complaints were scales, fissures, crusts and dryness of skin, erythema plaque, hyperpigmentation, bleeding, tenderness on the lesion. He was treated with Mahaengeuigam-Tang for 77 days. The severity of Bowen's disease was evaluated by visible assessment to determine the end-point of clearance. Results : After the treatment, fissures, crusts and dryness of skin and bleeding, tenderness on the lesion were vanished. Scales and erythema plaque, hyperpigmentation of the lesion little remained. Conclusions : Mahaengeuigam-Tang can be used on the treatment of skin disease which has characteristics plaques and crusts of skin.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.341-343
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• 2014

A 6-year-old female, shih-tzu was presented in the February with bilateral, symmetrical hair loss and hyperpigmentation on caudal dorsolumbar region. Skin test and blood examination found no remarkable finding. Histopathological examination of biopsies from the alopecic lesions revealed follicular atrophy, infundibular hyperkeratosis and some follicles were twisted truncated and dilated. The diagnosis of recurrent flank alopecia was based on clinical signs and supportive histopathology. Treatment with oral melatonin was started at 3 mg twice daily for 80 days, and by this time complete hair regrowth was observed. The following year in the September, a small non-inflammatory alopecia developed in the same site. The dog was given oral melatonin at 3 mg twice daily for 4 weeks, hair had completely regrown.