• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.121-126
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• 2009

Purpose: We investigated the clinical characteristics and demographics of patients who suffered from hydrofluoric acid chemical injury and the mechanism of damage. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who were exposed to hydrofluoric acid from March 2004 to March 2009 and who were seen at the emergency centers in two university teaching hospitals. Results: Forty four patients out of 47 patients suffered from chemical burn, while the injuries of the remaining 3 could not be identified by the medical records. A total of 17 hydrofluoric acid chemical injury patients were enrolled during the study period, and their mean age was $29.6{\pm}7.0$. All the patients were accidentally injured by contact with the material and none of them inhaled or ingested the material. Only 6 patients wore appropriate protective equipments and 5 underwent the water irrigation for more than 10 minutes. The most common exposure area was the hand and forearm (70.5%). Less than 1% of all of the patients had their total body surface (TBS) exposed to hydrofluoric acid (mean=0.35%). The mean time interval from calcium gluconate administration to pain relief was $33.6{\pm}8.8$ hours. Conclusion: When exposed to hydrofluoric acid, it is important to wear protective equipment and undergo water irrigation for more than 10 minutes. Pain and skin damage were observed in all the patients. After treatment, we concluded that administration of calcium gluconate and pain killers was successful in relieving pain, and the prognosis was also positive for the admitted and followed up patients when less than 1% of the TBS was exposed.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.165-175
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• 2008

Pacific saury, Cololabis saira kwamaegi, is a traditional local food of the Eastern sea area centering around Pohang. It is well-recognized as being both tasty and nutritious. Nevertheless, bacterial contamination, excessive dryness, and compositional changes have made it edible only during the winter months. Therefore, to improve its storage, this study examined the effects of storage material, type, temperature, and duration on compositional changes in kwamaegi. The studied samples were kwamaegis that had been dried naturally for 15 days. The storage materials included an A-film, a self-developed multi-film made of polyethylene, polyamide, EVOH, and polyethylene; as well as a B-film made of polyethylene, nylon, polyethylene, nylon and polyethylene. The B films were used after pressing and laminating. The storage types included one whole fish(1G), or 2 divided fish(2G), to increase eating convenience. The 2G type was the muscle portion divided vertically after discarding the jowl, skin, and internal organs. The storage temperatures were $0^{\circ}C$, $-15^{\circ}C$, and $-30^{\circ}C$, and the storage durations were 2, 4, and 6 months. Pathogenic bacteria and rheology were measured to observe general compositional changes. The whole kwamaegi showed a total cell number of $1,565{\pm}112$ CFU/100 g flesh, while the divided Kwamaegi showed significantly greater bacterial numbers at $2,031{\pm}145$ CFU/100 g flesh. Psychrophils and halophils increased significantly while coliform were not found; the number of mesophils also increased, but not significantly. There were no significant cell number variations between the A-film and B-film. At $0^{\circ}C$, both the A-and B-films resulted in cell numbers of $115{\sim}212$ CFU/100 g flesh, revealing just $7.3{\sim}10.4%$ of the initial storage levels. Overall, there were no significant differences between the storage materials. Generally, as the storage temperature and duration increased, the moisture content of the kwamaegi decreased. Also, as storage duration and temperature increased, crude protein and crude lipid contents increased; in addition, they increased proportionally as the moisture content of the fish decreased. There were no significant differences in crude ash content with respect to the storage materials, storage temperatures, or storage durations. Finally, there were no significant differences between the kwamaegi samples naturally dried for 15 days and those stored in the B-film vacuum storage for 6 months for strength, hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess, and water activity.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.507-528
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• 2011

포장에서 농약 살포액의 조제, 살포 등의 작업을 수행하는 농작업자는 피부노출, 호흡노출경로를 통해 농약에 노출되며, 이러한 상황에서의 농약 노출에 대한 합리적인 위해성 평가를 위해서는 해당 영농상황에서 노출량을 정량적으로 측정해야 한다. 농약 노출 측정방법으로 patch, 장갑, 양말, 마스크를 이용하는 방법과 호흡 노출은 주로 고체흡착제와 공기흡입펌프가 연결된 personal air monitor를 사용하는 것이 좋을 것으로 판단된다. 이 농작업자의 정량적 피부 노출 측정법으로 유효할 것으로 판단된다. 노출 재료에 침착/부착된 농약량이나 고체흡착제에 포집된 농약량을 신체 전체에 대한 농약 노출량으로 외삽하기 위한 EPA 자료를 대체할 수 있도록 한국 사람의 표준 신체표면적 및 호흡률을 제안하였다. 중요한 노출 인자인 피부노출의 의복 침투율과 피부 침투율, 그리고 호흡노출의 침투율을 UK-POEM과 관련된 연구결과를 참고하여 다양하게 제안하였다. 노출 평가를 위한 살포 시간은 노출 측정 재료에 침착된 농약이 분석이 될 만큼 충분한 농약이 포집될 수 있도록 살포시간이 충분해야 하는데, 국내의 SS기나 동력분무기의 경우는 1반복 당 모두 약 20~40분에 살포(약 0.1~0.2 ha)로 해서 3반복 측정 결과를 4시간으로 환산할 것을 제안하였다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.817-823
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• 1999

연구배경: 전북지역은 최근에 도시화와 공업화가 이루어 진 곳으로서 생활환경 변화에 따라 알레르기 환자에서 원인 알레르겐의 종류나 감작률에 있어서도 변화가 있으리라 여겨진다. 방 법: 1984년 2월부터 1985년 2월 사이와 1997년 2월부터 1998년 2월 사이에 전북대 병원 알레르기 내과를 방문한 알레르기 환자 201명과 339명을 대상으로 피부단자시험과 RAST를 실시하여 원인 알레르겐의 변화 추세를 비교 분석하여 보았다. 결 과: 한가지 이상의 항원에 양성을 보인 환자는 전체 대상 환자중 149명(74.2%)과 257명(75.8%)으로 유의한 차이는 없었다(p=0.664). 항원의 종류에 따른 감작률의 비교에서 1) 꽃가루군에 대해서는 차이가 없었다(35.8% vs 30.1 %, p=0.17). 2) 집먼지 진드기군에 대한 감작률의 감소가 있었다(66.1% vs 56.3%, p=0.02). 3) 곰팡이군, 동물털 및 비듬군에 대한 감작률은 감소하였다(p<0.001). 결 론: 위생상태의 개선에 따라 이와 관련있는 알레르겐의 감작률이 감소됨을 알 수 있었는데, 이에 대한 더욱 넓은 지역에서의 연구가 필요하리라 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.1076-1081
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• 2001

현재 중국으로부터 수입량이 증가하고 있는 땅콩을 대상으로 국산과 중국산 시료의 TL, ESR, DNA comet(single cell gel electrophoresis) 분석을 실시하여 원산지별 특성을 비교하였다. Density separation 방법으로 추출한 미네랄의 TL측정 결과, 감마선 조사되지 않은 시료는 25$0^{\circ}C$ 부근에서 intensity가 낮은 glow curve를 나타내었고, 조사 시료는 18$0^{\circ}C$ 부근에서 아주 강한 intensity의 glow curve를 보여주었다. 첫 번째 측정된 glow curve(TL$_1$)의 normalization을 위하여 재조사 방법에 의해 TL$_2$를 측정하여 TL ratio(TL$_1$/TL$_2$)를 비교해 본 결과, 비조사 시료는 0.05 이하, 조사 시료는 0.2이상으로 방사선 조사 여부의 판별이 가능하였다. 땅콩껍질을 사용한 ESR 측정에서는 조사 유래의 특이적인 signal이 나타나지 않아 적용 가능성이 낮았다. DNA comet assay 결과, 비조사 시료는 tail이 없거나 아주 짧은 전형적인 intact cell을 나타낸 반면, 조사 시료는 long tail을 가진 comet을 나타내면서 선량 의존적으로 (r=0.761/Korean, r=0.768/Chinese) tail length가 증가하여 조사 여부의 확인이 가능하였다. 모든 실험에서 원산지별 차이는 크지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 땅콩의 방사선 조사 여부 확인에는 TL 분석 및 DNA comet assay가 적용 가능하였다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.111-115
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• 2014

Purpose: This study evaluated powdered burn wound dressing materials from wild silkworm fibroin in an animal model. Methods: Fifteen rats were used in this experiment. Full-thickness $2{\times}2cm$ burn wounds were created on the back of rats under anesthesia. In the two experimental groups, the wounds were treated with two different dressing materials made from silkworm fibroin. In the Control Group, natural healing without any dressing material was set as control. The wound surface area was measured at five days, seven days and 14 days. Wound healing was evaluated by histologic analysis. Results: By gross observation, there were no infections or severe inflammations through 14 days post-injury. The differences among groups were statistically significant at seven days and 14 days, postoperatively (P<0.037 and 0.001, respectively). By post hoc test, the defect size was significantly smaller in experimental Group 1 compared with the Control Group and experimental Group 2 at seven days postoperatively (P=0.022 and 0.029, respectively). The difference between Group 1 and Group 2 was statistically significant at 14 days postoperatively (P<0.001). Group 1 and control also differed significantly (P=0.002). Group 1 showed a smaller residual scar than the Control Group and Group 2 at 14 days post-injury. Histologic analysis showed more re-epithelization in Groups 1 and 2 than in the Control Groups. Conclusion: Burn wound healing was accelerated with silk fibroin spun by wild silkworm Antheraea pernyi. There was no atypical inflammation with silk dressing materials. In conclusion, silk dressing materials can be used for treatment of burn wound.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.27-44
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• 2020

Objectives : The authors conducted randomized, Double-blinded, and placebo-controlled parallel-group clinical experiment study to evaluate efficacy of fermented soybean(Bio-Peptone)cream in pruritus. Methods : The research had been conducted for 4 months from the date of IRB approval(May 26 in 2017) to Sept 2017. The experiment started by randomly distributing 25 subjects with pruritus into experimental group and control group, respectively. The experimental group applied fermented soybean(Bio-Peptone)cream twice a day, in the morning and evening, for one week on itchy area. The effect of the product was evaluated by comparing the PSS(Patient subjective score), moisture level by measuring skin moisture content(Corneometer) and transepidermal water loss(Tewameter), and the Korean version of Skindex-29(index of quality of life improvement) before applying the cream, after applying the cream for one week and after stop applying the cream for one week. The control group conducted identical experiment with the experimental group, except the control group applied placebo instead of the fermented soybean(Bio-Peptone)cream. Results : Pruritus, criterion of the first validation testing, indicates fermented soybean(Bio-Peptone)cream tend to reduce pruritus compare to placebo, although the result is not statistically noticeable. Significant difference in reduction of prutitus, the second validation test was not discovered in both groups. Corneometer and life quality tend to be improved with soy cream than placebo, but not statistically effective and both groups did not show any difference in terms of Tewameter measurement. Conclusions : The result of clinical experiment didn't prove that the fermented soybean(Bio-Peptone)cream is more effective in reducing pruritus than placebo, statistically. The clinical use of soybean product for pruritus requires further studies to be verified.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2008

화장품 중 불순물로서 미량의 중금속이 함유되어 있는 경우 이들의 피부흡착이 알러지를 일으킬 수가 있다. 이에 중금속으로부터 안전한 화장품인지를 신속하고 정확하게 판단하는 것이 중요하여 색소원료와 화장품 중 미량의 중금속들($Pb^{2+},\;Fe^{2+},\;Cu^{2+},\;Ni^{2+},\;Zn^{2+},\;Co^{2+},\;Cd^{2+}$ 및 $Mn^{2+}$)을 동시에 분석할 수 있는 이온크로마토그래피 분석법을 개발하였다. 8종의 중금속들은 이온교환 컬럼(IonPac CS5A)으로 잘 분리되었고, post-column 장치와 UV 분광기로 검출하였다. $0.1{\sim}1000{\mu}g/mL$ 농도범위에서 8종의 중금속들의 검량선은 선형적이었고($r^2>0.999$), 검출한계는 제품이 안전한지를 판단할 수 있는 ${\mu}g/L$ 수준이었다. 피크들의 머무름 시간과 면적의 상대표준편차는 0.21%과 0.24%이고, 회수율은 $97{\sim}104%$이다. 이 결과들은 개발된 분석방법이 화장품 중의 미량의 중금속들을 신속하고 정확하게 분석할 수 있다는 것을 보여준다. 본 분석방법은 22개 화장품과 11개 색소원료 중의 중금속들의 함량을 분석하는데 활용하였다.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2000

Background and Objectives : The concentration of sulfur dioxide($SO_2$) gas in the ambient air appears increasing in the industry and urban area day by day. It was known that $SO_2$ is noxious gas. $SO_2$ can be irritating to the eyes, nose, throat, upper respiratory tract and skin. It produces sulfurous acid on contact with water and is extremely irritating to the nasopharynx and respiratory tract. Laminin is a family of extracellular matrix glycoproteins localized in the basement membrane that separates epithelial cells from the underlying stroma. The biological activities of laminin are to promote cell migration, wound healing, growth and differentiation. Meterials and Methods : The histologic changes and the expression of laminin in tracheal mucosa sacrificed at every weeks (to 7 weeks) after continued $SO_2$ exposure of 250ppm for 30 minutes a day were studied in rats. Results : Pathologic tissue was formed at the tracheal mucosa and the underlying tissue by the infiltration of monocytes and epithelium was transformed to the single cell layered epithelium above 5 weeks after exposure. At the 6 weeks after exposure, epithelial cells were partially lost and epithelial cell layer was transformed to be leaf-shaped. Submucosal tissue was transformed to be lymphatic tissue. An intense positive staining for laminin was found in apical cytoplasm and lateral surface of the normal epithelial cells and basement membrane but at the 5 and 6 weeks after exposure, laminin activity was decreased to the moderate activity. At the 7 weeks after exposure, laminin activity was decreased to the weak activity. Conclusion : Our finding suggests that $SO_2$ makes histologic damage on the tracheal mucosa and decreases immunoreactivity for laminin. Longer duration of the exposure of $SO_2$ makes more histologic damage on the tracheal mucosa and decreases immunoreactivity for laminin.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제37C권12호
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• pp.1318-1327
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• 2012

최근 가축 전염병에 대한 확산과 인체 감염에 대한 위험성 증대로 말미암아 가축 질병 관리의 중요성이 커짐에 따라 가축 생체 내의 상황을 실시간 감시할 수 있는 생체 삽입형 센서 태그 기반 가축 이력 관리 시스템에 대한 관심이 커지고 있다. 이에 가축 축사의 열악한 환경에서도 무선통신과 동시에 무선전력전송이 가능한 MFAN 기술과 배터리 없이 생체 내에 삽입된 센서 태그로부터 무선으로 데이터를 수집할 수 있는 900MHz RFID 기술을 융합하여 MFAN/RFID 생체 삽입형 센서 태그 기반 가축 이력 관리 시스템을 개발하였다. MFAN/RFID 생체 삽입형 센서 태그 기반 가축 이력 관리 시스템은 센서 융합 UHF 태그를 생체 내에 삽입하여 외부 환경의 영향을 받지 않고 체온 등 가축의 생체 변화를 실시간 모니터링하는 시스템으로, 태그에게 공급할 전력을 확보하기 위해서 가축의 목 부위에 설치하는 통신 및 전력전송을 위한 MFAN/RFID 중계기를 사용한다. MFAN 코디네이터는 MFAN 노드와 RFID 리더가 융합된 MFAN/RFID 중계기를 거쳐 생체 삽입된 센서 태그와 데이터 및 전력을 송수신한다. MFAN 코디네이터에 수집된 가축 데이터는 인터넷을 통해 가축 이력 관리 시스템으로 전달되어 관리된다. 본 시스템의 개발을 통해 가축 질병 관리에 대한 문제가 크게 개선될 것이라 기대된다.