• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.103-111
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• 2008

Recently, skin diagnosis has been suggested as a promising tool for discrimination of Sasang Constitution, reported by examining the skin characteristics such as thickness, stiffness, slip, and skin textures like wrinkles and furrows. However, the works had a limitation in that clinical decision on the skin characteristics was made by relying upon oriental medicine doctors' subjective sense of touch. In order to objectify the skin diagnosis and claim its efficacy on the discrimination of the Sasang Constitutions, it is necessary to demonstrate its discrimination capability by providing numerical values in terms of physical quantities obtained from measurements using today's sensors and equipment technologies, which motivated this work as a priliminary step towards objectification of skin diagnosis. The skin characteristics focused in this work is the slip property of the back-hand skin that has been exploited using the dynamic friction measurement system. First, curved geometric effects of the back-hand skin on the measured lateral/vertical force signals were estimated using the artificially designed silicon coated structures, which led to a suggestion on a quality controlled experimental design based upon a empirical analysis model. Second, the experimental design thus suggested has been applied to the measurement of dynamic friction coefficients for two healthy male subjects of Taeumin (TE) and Soyangin (SY), respectively. The result shows that the dynamic friction coefficient is less for the SY subject than for the TE subject around the area of the skin used for diagnosis by the oriental medicine doctor, implying the TE subject's skin is more slippery than the SE subject's that is consistent with the oriental medicine doctor's diagnosis. Hopefully, this work can provide guidelines for obtaining quality data in friction measurement to be collected for discussion on the efficacy of the skin diagnosis and its objectification through statistical analysis.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.1212-1223
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• 2022

Skin lesions are common diseases that range from skin rashes to skin cancer, which can lead to death. Note that early diagnosis of skin diseases can be important because early diagnosis of skin diseases considerably can reduce the course of treatment and the harmful effect of the disease. Recently, the development of computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems based on artificial intelligence has been actively made for the early diagnosis of skin diseases. In a typical CAD system, the accurate classification of skin lesion types is of great importance for improving the diagnosis performance. Motivated by this, we propose a novel deep ensemble classification with multi-scale attention networks. The proposed deep ensemble networks are jointly trained using a single loss function in an end-to-end manner. In addition, the proposed deep ensemble network is equipped with a multi-scale attention mechanism and segmentation information of the original skin input image, which improves the classification performance. To demonstrate our method, the publicly available human skin disease dataset (HAM 10000) and the private animal skin lesion dataset were used for the evaluation. Experiment results showed that the proposed methods can achieve 97.8% and 81% accuracy on each HAM10000 and animal skin lesion dataset. This research work would be useful for developing a more reliable CAD system which helps doctors early diagnose skin diseases.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.137-147
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• 2022

Diagnosis and management of skin condition is a very basic and important function in performing its role for workers in the beauty industry and cosmetics industry. For accurate skin condition diagnosis and management, it is necessary to understand the skin condition and needs of customers. In this paper, we developed SCIS, a big data-based skin care information system that supports skin condition diagnosis and management using social media big data for skin condition diagnosis and management. By using the developed system, it is possible to analyze and extract core information for skin condition diagnosis and management based on text information. The skin care information system SCIS developed in this paper consists of big data collection stage, text preprocessing stage, image preprocessing stage, and text word analysis stage. SCIS collected big data necessary for skin diagnosis and management, and extracted key words and topics from text information through simple frequency analysis, relative frequency analysis, co-occurrence analysis, and correlation analysis of key words. In addition, by analyzing the extracted key words and information and performing various visualization processes such as scatter plot, NetworkX, t-SNE, and clustering, it can be used efficiently in diagnosing and managing skin conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Medical Association
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• v.61 no.11
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• pp.649-654
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• 2018

Although the dermoscopy had very long history since its introduction in 17th century, only recently it has been possible to see the widespread application of dermoscopy in the dermatology clinic. One of the most promising areas where the dermoscopy can be applied is the diagnosis of skin cancer, especially malignant melanoma. Due to its inherent limitation to obtain in-depth information-literally, from more than skin-deep and more importantly, from microscopic structures-of skin cancers, dermoscopy cannot replace the present gold-standard 'biopsy' in the diagnosis of skin cancer. However, several advantages of dermoscopy over biopsy merit further considerations. For example, as a non-invasive tool, dermoscopy is best suited for the follow-up of suspicious skin lesions, and as an all-at-a-glance tool, dermoscopy can aid the selection of the best biopsy-site to obtain the most meaningful pathological information from the minimal tissue specimen. There goes a saying that 'it takes two to tango,' similarly, we might need the two (biopsy and dermoscopy) to cope rhythmically with the varying tempos of everprogressing skin tumorigenesis and to reveal the true face of skin cancers usually hidden in various disguises.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.174-177
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• 2005

Skin metastasis from papillary thyroid carcinoma is extremely rare. Due to similar histopathologic features, it is difficult to differentiate skin metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma and some primary skin neoplasms without a clinical history. However, most of metastatic skin lesions showed a strong reactivity to the antithyroglobulin antibodies unlike primary skin neoplasms. Metastatic skin lesions must be completely removed and radiotherapy can be added. Investigators reported that prognosis of skin metastases from thyroid carcinoma is dismal and the average survival after it's diagnosis was only 19 months because distant metastases were often discovered at diagnosis of skin metastasis or during follow-up period. We report a case of skin metastasis from tall cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. In our case, the anti thyroglobulin antibodies measured from cystic fluid from a skin lesion was more than 2000 IU/ml. Skin metastasis was diagnosed at 20 months after primary surgery for thyroid cancer and brain metastasis at 12 months after diagnosis of skin metastasis. Although skin metastasis is an ominous prognostic indicator in patients with thyroid carcinoma, a radical treatment for skin lesions and early diagnosis of distant metastasis could provide a chance to the patients to improve their survival.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.241-251
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• 2022

Diagnosis and management of customer's skin condition is an important essential function in the cosmetics and beauty industry. As the social media environment spreads and generalizes to all fields of society, the interaction of questions and answers to various and delicate concerns and requirements regarding the diagnosis and management of skin conditions is being actively dealt with in the social media community. However, since social media information is very diverse and atypical big data, an intelligent skin condition diagnosis system that combines appropriate skin condition information analysis and artificial intelligence technology is necessary. In this paper, we developed the skin condition diagnosis system SCDIS to intelligently diagnose and manage the skin condition of customers by processing the text analysis information of social media into learning data. In SCDIS, an artificial neural network model, AnnTFIDF, that automatically diagnoses skin condition types using artificial neural network technology, a deep learning machine learning method, was built up and used. The performance of the artificial neural network model AnnTFIDF was analyzed using test sample data, and the accuracy of the skin condition type diagnosis prediction value showed a high performance of about 95%. Through the experimental and performance analysis results of this paper, SCDIS can be evaluated as an intelligent tool that can be used efficiently in the skin condition analysis and diagnosis management process in the cosmetic and beauty industry. And this study can be used as a basic research to solve the new technology trend, customized cosmetics manufacturing and consumer-oriented beauty industry technology demand.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.126-143
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• 2007

1. Objectives The purpose of this study is to find out the grade of practical use, the important element and the significant characteristics of Sasangin' s face, voice, skin and pulse diagnostic impression, in Sasang constitutional clinical diagnosis. 2. Methods We analysed the survey data about Sasangin' s face, voice, skin and pulse diagnostic impression, drawn up by specialist in Sasang constitutional medicine. 3. Results and Conclusions (1) In the application degree of face feature, the case which it was applied with 20-40% and 40-60% were 16 people(43.2%) respectively. In voice, the case applied with 0-20% was 19 people(51.4%), in skin, 0-20% and 20-40% were 14 people(37.8%) respectively and in pulse diagnosis, 0-20% were 25 people(73.0%). (2) In constitutional diagnosis, the important element of face were 'frontal whole shape', 'whole impression' and 'size and shape of eye, ear, mose and mouth', the important element of voice 'speed of speech', 'purity and impurity' and 'pitch', the important element of skin 'thickness', 'feel of touch' and 'size of skin pores' and the important element of pulse diagnosis 'speed of pulse', 'sinking and floating' and 'weakness and firmness'. (3) The important face characteristics of Taeyangin were 'bright eye', 'broad forehead' and 'strong impression', Soyangin 'protruding forehead', 'thin and small lips', 'narrowing and sharp chin', Taeumin 'thick lips', 'flat face', 'large eye, nose, ear and mouth' and Soeumin 'long and slender face', 'downward slanting eyes' and 'small eye, nose, ear and mouth', The important voice characteristics of Taeyangin were 'loud' and 'clear', Soyangin 'rapid' and 'high-pitched tone', Taeumin 'chick', 'slow' and 'low-pitched tone' and Soeumin 'small and feeble' and 'slow'. The important skin characteristics of Taeyangin were 'thin' and 'white', Soyangin 'thin', 'smooth' and 'elastic', Taeumin 'thick', 'large skin-pore', 'coarse' and Soeumin 'soft', 'thin' and 'subtle skin-pore'. The important pulse characteristics of Taeyangin were 'rapid' and 'large', Soyangin 'rapid' and 'floating', Taeumin 'tense', 'long' and 'solid' and Soeumin 'fine', 'weak' and 'slow'.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.87-91
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• 2020

Background: The incidence of skin cancer, which is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation, has steadily increased in recent years. The authors of the present study sought to investigate changes in the epidemiology of skin cancer by conducting a retrospective review of patients diagnosed with skin cancer who received related care at a single medical institution. Methods: The present study included patients who were diagnosed with skin cancer and received treatment at Gyeongsang National University Hospital from 2008 to 2018. The site and type of skin cancer, the number of patients with skin cancer each year, the sex and sex ratio of the patients, and changes in patients' age at first diagnosis were examined through retrospective chart reviews. Results: The number of patients with skin cancer significantly increased, but statistically significant changes were not found in patients' sex, skin cancer sites, or the types of skin cancer. However, patients' age at the first diagnosis of skin cancer showed a statistically significant decrease starting in 2015. Conclusion: In this study, the number of patients with skin cancer increased over time. However, patients' age at first diagnosis has decreased since 2015. Therefore, younger patients should take care to prevent skin cancer, and further research on the causes of skin cancer in younger patients is needed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.3403-3406
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• 2015

Background: Skin biopsy is the method to assist clinicians to make definite dermatological diagnosis which further helps in holistic management. Skin cancers are relatively rare clinical diagnosis in developing countries like Nepal, but the prevalence is on rise. Objectives: To investigate the profile of skin biopsies and frequencies and pattern of skin cancers in a tertiary care centre of Western Nepal. Materials and Methods: The materials consisted of 434 biopsies (1.37%) out of 31,450 OPD visits performed in the Department of Dermatology, Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal, during the period of Dec 2011-Nov 2014. Data were collected and analyzed using SPSS-16 with reference to incidence, age, sex, race and clinical and histopathological features. Results: The commonest disorders observed in biopsies were papulosquamous lesions, skin tuberculosis of different types, benign skin tumors, leprosy, collagen and fungal diseases. Viral diseases were rarely seen, probably due to straight forward clinical diagnosis. Dermatological malignancies accounted for 55/434 (12.67%) of biopsies. Skin disorders in general were commoner in females 280/434 (64%), including malignancies 32/55(58.2%). Mean age of patients with skin cancer was 54.5 years. Facilities for proper laboratory investigation of dermatological disorders will improve the quality of life. Conclusions: The most prevalent lesion in skin biopsies was papulosquamous disorders followed by skin tuberculosis of different types. Dermatological malignancy constituted 55/434 (12.67%) cases. The prevalence of skin malignancy is on rise in Nepalese society probably due to increase in life expectancy and better diagnostic services.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.20-29
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• 2010

1. Objectives Our goal is to observe the feasibility of constitution discrimination from computing quantitative roughness index from dynamic friction coefficients and their gradients with the measurement device of skin friction with 3-Axis load cell sensor. 2. Methods In the traditional Korean medicine, skin diagnosis is one of the examination methods to discriminate Sasang constitution since it was known that Tae-eumin has rough skin, and Soyangin has smooth one. It is based on the skin roughness on the back of one's hand for the discrimination. The measurement device of skin friction with 3-axis load cell sensor has been developed in order to provide quantitative skin roughness through dynamic friction coefficients. The effective interval of the coefficients is obtained from the automatic sampling algorithm to use their curvature and slope. Then, Fisher's discriminant function of them makes the discrimination. 3. Results The success rate of extracting the effective interval was about 90% and the discriminant accuracy between Tae-eumin and Soyangin was 70% and 68% for men and women, respectively. The entire methods showed the possibility to distinguish between Tae-eumin and Soyangin by using stochastic properties of roughness index, which can make the entire system to include the measurement, the computation of the roughness index and the discrimination of constitution automatical. 4. Conclusions The measurement device, the automatic sampling algorithm of dynamic friction coefficients and the constitution discrimination algorithm were developed, respectively, and their combination can become the serial and automatic procedure for quantitative and objective skin diagnosis, which mimics the movement of the Oriental medical doctors' skin diagnosis. It can be applied to healthcare as well as the diagnosis of constitution in a u-Health system soon.