• 보존과학연구
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• s.36
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• pp.33-48
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• 2015

In this study, ancient DNA analyses were carried out on the human skeletal remains from a historical cemetery site in Myeongam-ri, Asan, Korea. Human remains of 27 individuals out of tombs from the Goryeo to Joseon Dynasty were selected for the analysis of this study. In order to identify the genealogy of the population and traditional burial pattern of the cemetery, we conducted comparative analyses of the hyper variable regions (HVRs) in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of each sample. We sequenced 9 segmental amplicons of HVRs and assigned relevant haplogroups according to the sequence polymorphism on the basis of the known mtDNA database. As a result, we were analyses 18 human remains of 27 individuals and result of amelogenin analysis were only 4 samples.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.93-104
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• 2000

Orthodontic treatment in conjunction with second-molar extraction has been a controversial issue among orthodontists over many decades. The aim of this study was to investigate the treatment effects of upper second molar extraction cases. The sample included 19 upper second molar extraction orthodontic cases(ten Angle's Class I's and nine Class II's, average age=13Y 6M) cared at Kyung-Hee University Department of Orthodontics. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken before and immediately after treatment. Seventy-nine points were digitized on each cephalogram and 38 cephalometric parameters were computed comprising 22 angular measurements, 13 linear measurements, and 3 facial proportions. The data obtained from each malocclusion group were analyzed by paired t-test. The statistical results disclosed that there was no significant change in skeletal pattern after treatment except for that accountable by growth while there was statistically significant change in dentoalveolar and soft tissue patterns. There were no significant changes in Bjork sum, posterior facial height /anterior facial height and lower anterior facial height /anterior facial height. No significant changes in anteroposterior position of maxilla and palatal plane were manifested. Although facial axis and lower facial height was slightly increased and the mandible was rotated backward and downward, there was no remarkable change in the mandibular plane. There were statistically significant changes in distal movement of upper first molar, molar key correction and overjet reduction while there was no change in the occlusal plane. The upper lip was slightly retracted simultaneously with slight increase in nasolabial angle. These results signify that distalization of upper dentition with the second molar extraction does change occlusal relationship without gross modifications in the craniofacial skeletal configurationson. Henceforth the second molar extracted would be recommended to treat severe anterior crowding and protrusion with minor skeletal discrepancy.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.241-253
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• 2023

Objective: To evaluate the following null hypothesis: the skeletal and dentoalveolar expansion patterns in the coronal and axial planes are not different with two different types of microimplant-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) systems. Methods: Pretreatment (T0) and post-MARPE (T1) cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 32 patients (14 males and 18 females; mean age, 19.37) were analyzed. We compared two different MARPE systems. One MARPE system included the maxillary first premolars, maxillary first molars, and four microimplants as anchors (U46 type, n = 16), while the other included only the maxillary first molars and microimplants as anchors (U6 type, n = 16). Results: In the molar region of the U6 and U46 groups, the transverse expansion at the midnasal, basal, alveolar, and dental levels was 2.64, 3.52, 4.46, and 6.32 mm and 2.17, 2.56, 2.73, and 5.71 mm, respectively. A significant difference was observed in the posterior alveolar-level expansion (p = 0.036) and posterior basal-bone-level expansion (p = 0.043) between the groups, with greater posterior skeletal and alveolar expansion in the U6 group. Conclusions: Compared with the U46 group, the U6 group showed greater posterior expansion at the alveolar and basal-bone levels, with an almost parallel split. Both groups showed a pyramidal expansion pattern in the coronal view.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to investigate gene expression related with lipid metabolism and long chain fatty acid oxidation rates in the skeletal muscle by exercise. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control (CON: n=7), high-intensity (HI-EX: n=7) and low-intensity exercise (LI-EX; n=7) groups. Rats in LI-Ex group were forced to run on the treadmill at the speed of 10m/min for 60 min. On the other hand, rats in the HI-Ex group were forced to run on the treadmill slope 0 at the speed of 25 m/min for 60 min. The palmitate oxidation rate of the RG was increased immediately and 1 hr after exercise in the HI-Ex group, and the HI-Ex group was higher than in the LI-Ex group in RG and WG. Expression of PPARα of the RG in HI-Ex groups was increased compared with control immediately after exercise. FAT/CD36 expression were not shown any significant effect by exercise. AMPK expression of the RG in the HI-Ex group was significently increased immediately after exercise compared with control. The change in CPT-1 expression of the RG in the HI-Ex group showed a similar pattern to that AMPK. In the summary, the gene expression of PPARα, AMPK and CPT1 that was related lipid metabolism was not significantly affected by low-intensity exercise, but effected by high-intensity exercise. In conclusion, exercise intensity and amounts might be have very important role to regulate gene expression related with metabolism.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.367-385
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• 1988

In case of skeletal Class III malocclusion with underdeveloped maxilla, the extraoral orthopedic force for the stimulation of maxillary growth or anterior reposition of the maxilla has been used clinically for the improvement of facial skeletal relationship. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the initial reaction of maxillofacial complex to the maxillary protraction by using extraoral orthopedic force. The dried human skull was used and this investigation was done by means of double exposure holographic interferometry. The protraction forces placed on the canine or the first molar were parallel, $10^{\circ}$ downward, $20^{\circ}$ downward to the occlusal plane. Fringe pattern of each protraction condition was compared and analized. The results were as follows: 1. Each maxillofacial bone displaced saparately. 2. More displacement was shown at the area of the teeth and the alveolar bone. 3. A counterclockwise rotation of the maxilla wa decreased by downward protraction and especially 20 degree downward protraction from the canine showed least rotation. 4. On the zygomatic arch, outward bend was observed and this effect was decreased by downward protraction. 5. On the zygomatic bone, the counter clockwise rotation was increased by the downward protraction. 6. When maxillary expansion was applied at the same time, outward and upward displacement with counterclockwise rotation was observed on the maxilla. 7. The lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone was affected by maxillary protraction.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.293-301
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• 2001

A patient-specific musculoskeletal model, whose parameters can be identified noninvasively, was developed for the automatic generation of patient-specific stimulation pattern in FES. The musculotendon system was modeled as a torque-generator and all the passive systems of the musculotendon working at the same joint were included in the skeletal model. Through this, it became possible that the whole model to be identified by using the experimental joint torque or the joint angle trajectories. The model parameters were grouped as recruitment of muscle fibers, passive skeletal system, static and dynamic musculotendon systems, which were identified later in sequence. The parameters in each group were successfully estimated and the maximum normalized RMS errors in all the estimation process was 8%. The model predictions with estimated parameter values were in a good agreement with the experimental results for the sinusoidal, triangular and sawlike stimulation, where the normalized RMS error was less than 17%, Above results show that the suggested musculoskeletal model and its parameter estimation method is reliable.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.322-332
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• 2015

A 12-year-old girl was referred to our clinic for evaluation of an unaesthetic dental appearance. All permanent teeth were erupted, while the deciduous maxillary right canine was retained. Cone-beam computed tomography revealed a complete transposition of the maxillary left canine and first premolar involving both the crowns and the roots. Initial cephalometric analysis showed a skeletal Class III pattern, with a slight maxillary retrusion and a compensated proclination of the upper incisors. The patient's teeth were considered to be in the correct position; therefore, we decided to attempt treatment by correcting the transposition and using only orthodontic compensation of the skeletal Class III malocclusion. After 25 months of active orthodontic treatment, the patient had a Class I molar and canine relationship on both sides, with ideal overbite and overjet values. Her profile was improved, her lips were competent, and cephalometric evaluation showed acceptable maxillary and mandibular incisor inclinations. The final panoramic radiograph showed that good root parallelism was achieved. Two-year follow-up intraoral photography showed stable results.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.32 no.3 s.92
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• pp.209-225
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• 2002

Enlow's counterpart analysis reflects the characteristics of each individual sample to find out the cause of the malocclusion and further applying them to the clinic. Enlow's counterpart analysis was performed on 100 Korean samples (50 male, 50 female) with normal occlusion and 100 skeletal class III patients (50 male, 50 female) scheduled for orthognathic surgery. The following conclusions were obtained. 1. The cause of malocclusion in skeletal class III patients were complex and interrelated : backward upward rotation of the cranial base, forward inclination of the ramus, increase in the mandibular body length, and posteriorly located maxilla. 2. Seen on R2 (male-1.68mm, female-2.33mm), in skeletal class III, the maxilla Is mote posteriorly located than the normal group. 3. The cause of malocclusion In skeletal class III patients, consists of retrognathic maxilla(A1) male $22\%$, female $26\%$, prognathic mandible(B1) male $44\%$, female $34\%$, and combination of an retrognathic maxilla and prognathic mandible were male $28\%$, female $38\%$. 4. There was no significant difference in the anterior-posterior length of the maxilla(A4) between skeletal class III males with the normal group, while in the female subjects, the skeletal class m group showed a smaller maxilla(A4) compared to the normal group. 5. In skeletal class III patients the proganthic mandible was primarily caused by the Inclination of the ramus(R3, R4) and mandibular body length(B4, B6) rather than ramus width(B3).

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.28 no.4 s.69
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• pp.581-589
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• 1998

In order to correct a maxillofacial-skeletal disharmony successfully and achieve a favorable facial profile, orthodontic treatment must begin at pubertal growth spurt. Therefore predicting the pubertal growth pattern and evaluating the growth potential is very important. For an orthodontist, estimating skeletal maturity in relation to one's personal growth spurt is essential and it must be considered into the treatment. The objective of this study was to find out whether there was a difference in menacheal age among different malocclusion groups and to evaluate the skeletal maturity at menarche. The subjects were 64 Class I malocclusion patients, 51 Class II patients and 38 Class III patients. Skeletal maturity was estimated from handwrist radiographs of these patients. Handwrist radiographs were taken between 3 months before and after the menarche. The results were as follows. 1. The mean chronologic age of menarche was $12.50{\pm}1.01$ years. 2. For the Class I malocclusion group the mean age of menarche was $12.36{\pm}1.04$ years, for Class II $12.81{\pm}1.03$ years and for Class III $12.32{\pm}0.82$ years. According to these results Class II malocclusion patients started mensturation later than Class I and Class III malocclusion patients. 3. No difference was found considering the skeletal maturity at menarche among the malocclusion groups. 4. The skeletal maturity index at menarche was SMI 7 for $45.10\%$, SMI 8 for $27.25\%$, SMI 9 for $10.46\%$, SMI 6 for $7.84\%$, SMI 10 for $7.84\%$ and SMI 5 for $1.31\%$ patients. 5. Statistically there was a significant correlation between skeletal maturity estimated by handwrist radiographs and menacheal age(p<0.05, r=0.25430).

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.37-49
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• 1992

80 patients who presented at Wonkwang University Dental Hospital with craniomandibular disorders were collected for this study. To observe the occlusal contact pattern such as contact numbers, contact force and presence or absence of anterior occlusal contact, the author used T-Scan system (Tekscan, Inc, U.S.A.) with are computerized occlusal analysing system. And to study the correlation between craniofacial profile and occlusal contact pattern, cephalogram were also taken, The cephalometric items related to growth pattern, jaw bone relation and denture pattern were measured and analysed according to routine method by computerized program. The obtained data were statistically processed with SPSS/PC+ package about anterior contact pattern and its craniofacial relationship. The obtained results were as follows : 1. In terms of growth pattern, patients without anterior tooth contacts showed a tendency to downward growth of craniofacial profile. The value in this subjects were significantly different from the value of patients with anterior tooth contacts in items of low gonial angle, Jarabak ratio, SN to GoMe angle, FMA, occlusal plane to mandibular plane angle and ramus height. 2. In terms of jaw bone relationship, patients without anterior tooth contacts showed a tendency to backward growth of craniofacial profile. The value of this patients were significantly different from the value of patients with anterior tooth contacts in items of SNB, ANB, mandibular plane to anterior cranial base ratio, SNPo, NAPo and APDI items. 3. But in denture pattern, no statistically significant difference by the presence or absence of anterior tooth contacts were showed between this patients groups. 4. From this study, it could be proposed that anterior open bite in the patients with craniomandibular disorders would be originated from not dental discrepancy but skeletal discrepancy.