• 생명과학회지
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.1304-1310
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• 2015

주기성 시계 유전자 3(period circadian clock gene 3, PER3)는 포유류에서 생물학적 주기 타이밍 시스템의 역할을 수행 한다. 이 유전자는 규칙적인 운동 체계에 의해 근육에서 전사 개시 되는 것으로 알려져 있다. 인간과 마우스에서는 본 유전자에 대해 잘 알려져 있지만, 주기 및 연주기 동안 낮의 길이에 영향을 많이 받는 말에서 운동 연관 연구는 존재하지 않는다. 운동 시 근육의 기능에 중요한 역할을 하는 PER3 유전자에 대해 대표적인 경주마인 국내산 더러브렛 품종의 운동 전과 운동 후 유전자 발현을 분석하기 위해 본 연구를 수행하였다. 그 결과, 골격근에서 PER3 유전자의 발현은 운동 전에 비해 운동 후에 유의적으로 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 인실리코상에서 4개의 비동의성 단일 염기 변이(non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism, nsSNP) 분석과 이러한 nsSNP의 단백질 구조 및 기능 분석 결과, 전체 자유 에너지와 RMSD 값은 돌연변이의 원인이 될 수 있음으로 나타났다. 이 중, nsSNP–s395916798 (G72R)은 구조적 기능적 측면에서 중요한 잔기의 안정화 효과와 연관된 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구는 운동에 따라 더러브렛 골격근 내 PER3 발현 차이는 운동이라는 표현형에 대표될 수 있음을 확인하였다. 또한, SNP의 조합을 활용하여 운동 후 경주마의 조기 회복의 평가 지표로써 유용한 바이오마커가 될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.1078-1085
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• 2017

활성산소란 세포에 손상을 가하는 모든 종류의 변형된 산소를 의미하며, 활성산소 생성의 증가는 세포 내의 산화적 스트레스를 유발하여 심혈관 질환, 암, 당뇨, 근위축 등 각종 질병의 원인이 된다. 그러나 적정 수준의 활성산소는 세포의 성장 및 발달에 중요한 역할을 담당하는 것으로 보고되어 있으며, 골격근에서의 활성산소는 근기능과 대사에 필수적인 역할을 담당한다. 규칙적인 운동은 건강상 다양한 이점을 가져다주지만, 과도한 운동은 골격근을 비롯한 다양한 체내 조직에서 활성산소의 생성을 증가시키며, 고농도의 활성산소 생성은 세포 손상을 일으키는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 따라서 운동에 의한 활성산소의 생성 증가와 그에 따른 분자적 기전은 운동이 주는 건강상의 많은 이점들을 이해하는데 있어 중요한 기전으로 받아들여지고 있다. 최근 운동 강도나 형태에 따른 활성산소의 생성 수준과 근육 관련 유전자 발현 및 대사 관련 연구에 있어 활성산소의 역할에 관한 연구들이 활발히 이루어지고 있지만 심도 있는 기전적 연구와 이해는 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 총설에서는 운동에 의한 활성산소 생성 기전과 그에 따른 역할에 대한 선행 연구들을 살펴보고, 운동에 의한 인슐린 신호체계의 활성 및 그에 따른 수명 조절에 있어 NADPH 산화효소의 역할에 대해서도 살펴보았다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.389-423
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• 1998

This investigation was designed to determine the effectiveness of the posterior occlusal schemes on masticatory activity during mastication in complete denture. Twelve edentulous subjects were selected for this study. All subjects had no past history and no functional abnormality on masticatory system and TMjoint. And, they had residual ridge of favorable morphology, firm mucosa and Class I skeletal jaw relationship, Twelve experimental denture with interchangeable occlusions(0-degree teeth, 30-degree teeth, Levin teeth and S-A teeth) were constructed for this study. The masticatory performance was analyzed by means of standard sieve(10, 16, 20, 30sieve), and the electrical activity from selected muscles(Temporalis and Masseter muscle) was recorded simultaneously with electromyography (Bio-Pak system) as the subject masticated test foods (rice, peanut and gum) with four different occlusal schemes. Mandibular movement was, also, measured with Sirognathography(Bio-Pak system). These recordings were performed in immediately, after 1 week and after 2 weeks of insertion of complete denture. The results were as fellows; 1. The average masticatory performance of 0-degree artificial teeth was higher than any other artificial teeth. 2. Masticatory performance in denture wearer was affected preferentially by food and artificial occlusal schemes. 3. During chewing, there was a statistical difference of EMG activity between masseter and temporal muscle(p<0.01). Especially, EMG activity of working masticatory muscle was highly affected by food rather than by artificial occlusal schemes. 4. In denture wearer, the velocity of opening was not affected by food, whereas, the velocity of closing was faster in soft food chewing than in hard food chewing, and the amount of vertical displacement was grater in chewing of soft and large bolus than in chewing of hard and small bolus. However, the amount of lateral displacement showed conversely(p<0.05). 5. It was considered that masticatory performance in denture wearer is not affected by the condition of residual ridge. the history of denture wear, the preference, the adaptation to artificial teeth and the total mesiodistal length of artificial posterior teeth.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.539-573
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• 1996

This investigation was designed to determine the effectiveness of the posterior occlusal schemes on masticatory activity during mastication in complete denture. Twelve edentulous subjects were selected for this study. All subjects had no past history and no functional abnormality on masticatory system and TMjoint. And, they had residual ridge of favorable morphology, firm mucosa and Class I skeletal jaw relationship, Twelve experimental denture with interchangeable occlusions(0-degree teeth, 30-degree teeth, Levin teeth and S-A teeth) were constructed for this study. The masticatory performance was analyzed by means of standard sieve(10, 16, 20, 30sieve), and the electrical activity from selected muscles(Temporalis and Masseter muscle) was recorded simultaneously with electromyography(Bio-Pak system) as the subject masticated test foods (rice, peanut and gum) with four different occlusal schemes. Mandibular movement was, also, measured with Sirognathography(Bio-Pak system). These recordings were performed in immediately, after 1 week and after 2 weeks of insertion of complete denture. The results were as follows; 1. The average masticatory performance of 0-degree artificial teeth was higher than any other artificial teeth. 2. Masticatory performance in denture wearer was affected preferentially by food and artificial occlusal schemes. 3. During chewing, there was a statistical difference of EMG activity between masseter and temporal muscle(p<0.01). Especially, EMG activity of working masticatory muscle was highly affected by food rather than by artificial occlusal schemes. 4. In denture wearer, the velocity of opening was not affected by food, whereas, the velocity of closing was faster in soft food chewing than in hard food chewing, and the amount of vertical displacement was grater in chewing of soft and large bolus than in chewing of hard and small bolus. However, the amount of lateral displacement showed conversely (p<0.05). 5. It was considered that masticatory performance in denture wearer is not affected by the condition of residual ridge, the history of denture wear, the preference, the adaptation to artificial teeth and the total mesiodistal length of artificial posterior teeth.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.881-888
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to determine whether vitamin B6(B6) deficiency affects fuel utilization and blood cholesterol profile with exercise-training. Twenty-four rats were fed a B6 deficient(-B6) diet or a control (+B6) diet for 5 weeks and either exercised(EX) or nonexercised (NE). EX rats were exercised on treadmill(10$^{\circ}$, 0.5-0.8km/h) for 20 minutes everyday. Glucose(GLU), glycogen (GLY), protein(PRO), trglyceride(TG), free fatty acid(FFA), total cholesterl(TC), HDL-cholesterol(HDL-C) and LDL-choleterol(LDL-C) were compared in plasma(P), liver(L) and skeletal muscle(M) of rats. There was a vitamin effect on the level of P-GLU, P-TG, M-TG, L-GLY, L-PRO and an exercise effect on the level of P-PRO, P-FFA, M-PRO, L-GLY, L-TG, P-TC, P-HDL-C, P-LDL-C. Compared to +B6 rats were lower and there were no differences in P-GLU, P-FFA, P-TG. M-GLY, L-TG, P-TC and P-HDL-C. In EX group, the level of P-TG was higher and M-PRO was lower in -B6 rats. There were no differences in M-GLY, L-TG, P-TC and P-HDL-C. These results suggest that a lowered intake of vitamin B6 may impair the adaptation of animals to fuel metabolism related to a decrease of fatty acid oxidation and attenuates the exercise-traning effect on blood lipid profile.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.487-492
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin B2 deficiency on fuel metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Thirty rats were fed a vitamin B2 deticient diet(-B2) or a control diet (＋B2) for 2 weeks and then subdivided into 3 groups respectively : base group, one day diabetic group and three day diabetic group. Diabetes of the rats were induced by streptozotocin injection into the tail vein. Glucose, glycogen, protein, alanine, triglyceride and free fatty acid were compared in plasma, liver, skeletal muscle of rats. Also, the total urinary nitrogen and glucose excertion were compared. Compared with ＋B2 rats, the increase of plasm glucose in -B2 rats due to the diabetes tended to be smaller. After diabetes were induced, the levels of plasma protein and alanine was significantly decreased and the urinary nitrogen excretion was significantly increased in -B2 rats. The level of plasma free fatty acid was increased continuously in B2 rats while increased at the first day and decreased at the third day diabetes was induced in ＋B2 rats. These results suggest that vitamin B2 deficiency increase protein catabolism due to the decrease of fatty acid oxidation. Thus, vitamin B2 deficiency in diabetes impair the adaptation of animals to the fuel metabolism and aggravate the body protein wasting which is one of the chronic complications of diabetes.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.1409-1414
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• 2010

이 연구는 실험용 쥐를 대상으로 운동에 따라 골격근에서 일어나는 세포고사 경로 중 내인성 경로와 외인성경로에 의해 이루어지는 세포고사의 신호기전을 확인하여 운동이 세포고사에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대한 구명하는데 있다. 이를 위해 ICR계 수컷 흰쥐 20마리를 일주일의 적응기간을 거쳐 통제집단(CON: n=10)과 운동집단(EX: n=10)으로 배정하였다. 운동은 8주간 주 5회 실시하였고, 트레드밀 속도 16.4 m/min와 경사도 4%로 설정하여 40분간 지속적인 운동을 실시하였다. 세포고사의 신호 경로 중 내인성 경로에 대한 검증 결과 Bcl-2, Bax 단백질, 그리고 Bcl-2/ Bax ratio는 그룹간 통계적 유의성은 나타나지 않았다. 반면, 세포고사의 경로 중 외인성 경로에 대한 검증 결과 caspase-8 단백질의 발현은 운동집단이 통제집단보다 유의하게 낮은 것으로 나타났으며(p<0.05), 세포고사 억제 단백질인 HSP70 단백질 발현은 운동집단이 통제집단보다 높게 나타났다. 더욱이, 세포고사 최종인자인 caspase-3의 활성화는 이루어 지지 않은 것으로 관찰되었다. 따라서 세포사멸의 신호경로 중 내인성 경로에 작용하는 Bcl-2와 Bax보다는 외인성 경로인 caspase-8과 HSP70의 영향으로 caspase-3가 분할되지 못하여 세포고사가 일어나지 않은 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2013

본 연구는 8주간의 사다리를 이용한 점진적 저항성 운동과 더불어 오디분말, 오디추출물, 누에분말의 섭취가 흰쥐의 골격근에서 androgen receptor(AR) mRNA와 myogenic regulatory factors(MRFs)의 발현에 효과가 있는지 확인하고자 하였다. 6주령의 Rat 50두를 분양받아 일주일간 순화기간을 거친 후 군간 체중을 고르게 분리하고 시료 투여 및 저항성 운동 여부에 따라 대조군, 운동군, 오디분말 운동군, 오디추출물 운동군, 누에분말 운동군으로 설정하였다. 시료 투여집단은 고형사료에 각각의 시료가 배합된 사료를 자유롭게 섭취하도록 하였다. 저항성 운동 방법은 1주일간 주당 3일, 1일 5회씩 부하 없이 맨몸 사다리 운동을 거친 후 7주간 주당 2일, 1일 10회씩 점진적인 과부하 하에서 실시하였다. 8주간 저항성 운동이 끝난 후 오른쪽 뒷다리에서 장무지굴근을 적출한 후 RNA 추출 및 cDNA를 합성하여 $-20^{\circ}C$에 보관 후 실험에 사용하였다. AR mRNA와 MRFs를 특이적으로 검출하도록 디자인된 시발체와 탐색자를 구입하여 housekeeping 유전자인 18s rRNA와 함께 Real Time PCR을 이용하여 증폭하였다. 18s rRNA를 이용하여 흰쥐의 장무지굴근에서 AR mRNA와 MRFs를 $2^{-{\Delta}{\Delta}Ct}$법을 통해 상대정량하여 골격근 내 발현 정도를 배수변화로 비교하였다. 실험 결과 사다리 운동과 시료 섭취는 흰쥐 골격근에서 AR mRNA의 발현을 유의하게 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 대조군과 비교하여 모든 저항성 운동 집단에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였으며 운동군에서 $4.04{\pm}1.12$, 오디분말 운동군에서 $5.23{\pm}0.56$, 오디추출물 운동군에서 $6.24{\pm}1.85$, 누에분말 운동군에서 $9.68{\pm}0.82$배를 나타내었다. 운동군과 비교하여 오디추출물 운동군과 누에분말 운동군에서 유의한 차이를 나타냈으며 오디분말 운동군의 경우 운동군과 비교하여 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았지만 대조군과 비교하여 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. MyoD mRNA의 경우 대조군과 비교하여 운동군에서 $2.19{\pm}0.27$, 오디분말 운동군에서 $6.04{\pm}0.48$, 오디추출물 운동군에서 $4.32{\pm}1.59$, 누에분말 운동군에서 $8.11{\pm}0.57$배를 나타내었다. 운동군과 비교하여 모든 시료 섭취 집단에서 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. Myogenin mRNA의 경우 대조군과 비교하여 운동군에서 $2.70{\pm}0.57$, 오디분말 운동군에서 $4.11{\pm}0.42$, 오디추출물 운동군에서 $4.13{\pm}0.45$, 누에분말 운동군에서 $6.50{\pm}0.61$배를 나타내었다. 대조군과 비교하여 모든 저항성 운동군에서 유의한 차이를 나타냈으며 운동군과 비교하여 모든 시료 섭취 집단에서 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. 본 실험을 통해 오디와 누에의 섭취는 저항성 운동에 따른 수컷 흰쥐의 골격근에서 근육 관련 유전자인 AR mRNA와 MRFs의 발현에 긍정적인 영향을 미치며 추후 근육 증가를 목적으로 한 운동보조제 개발을 위한 기초 자료가 될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.1455-1468
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the objectives and contents of basic medical sciences at department of nursing in college of nursing, and junior college of nursing, thus ultimately providing the basic data to standardize the curriculum of the basic medical sciences in nursing education. Seventy eight professors who were in charge of teaching basic medical sciences to at 22 colleges of nursing/ department of nursing, and 20 junior colleges of nursing responded to the questionnaires that consisted of the questions regarding objectives and contents, of basic medical sciences. Based on the description of objectives, the description related to nursing, nurse, nursing science was cathegorized as on objective applicable to nursing science, the description related to medicine or clinical medicine as medical model, the description without description related to medicine was cathegorized as knowledge acquisition. The number of schools corresponding to each category were summerized in descending order. The objectives of basic medical sciences were categorized by concepts and number of schools corresponding to the categorized concept. The findings of the study are as follows ; 1. The subjects of basic medical science identified were physiology, anatomy, biochemistry, pathology, microbiology, and pharmacology in most colleges of nursing and junior colleges. Two colleges of nursing/department of nursing (9.1%) and 19 junior colleges of nursing(95%) did not offer biochemistry, 1 college of nursing /department of nursing(5%) did not offer pathology & pharmacology. 2 junior colleges of nursing (10%) did not offer pharmacology, 1 junior college of nursing(5%) did not offer pathology. The other 1 junior college of nursing did not offer microbiology. 2. Objectives of physiology were to acquire knowledge and understanding on human function in both 6 (50%) colleges and 5 junior colleges. Objectives of anatomy were to acquire knowledge on human structure in both 4 (57%) colleges and 2 (50%) junior colleges; knowledge applicable to nursing sciences in both 3 (42.8%) colleges and 2 (50%) junior colleges. Objectives of biochemistry was to obtain knowledge and understanding on biochemistry, and understanding of basic concepts about biochemistry. Objectives of pathology were to obtain knowledge and understanding on pathology in both 4 (57.1%) colleges and 5(62.5%) junior colleges. Objectives of microbiology were to acquire knowledge and understanding on microbiology in both 5(83.8%) colleges and 6(85.7%) junior colleges. Objectives of pharmacology were to acquire knowledge on pharmacology in both 7(100%) colleges and 8(100%) junior colleges. 3. Contents of physiology in 19 (100%) schools were membrane transport, digestion, circulation, nervous system and respiration. In 16(84.2%) were kidney and muscle, that in 13(68.4%) were endocrine physiology. In 11(57.9%) were introduction and that in 9(47.4%) were structure and function of cells. Contents of anatomy in 11(100%) schools were skeletal system, muscle system, digestive system, circulatory system, concepts regarding human structure. In 10(90.9%) schools were endocrine system and nervous system, and in 5(45.5%) schools were blood, urinary system and cell. Contents of biochemistry in 6(100%) schools were history of biochemistry, body regulating factor, bioenergy, health and nutrition, nutrition of cell, energy production system. In 5(83.3%) schools were metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and enzyme, and in 3(50%) schools were metabolism of energy and fat. Contents of microbiology in 13(100%) schools were environment and influenc of bacteria, virus, G(-) rods, purulent cocci, G(+) rods. In 10 (76.9%) were immunity, diphtheria, enterobacteria, and in 9(69.2%) were spirochete, rickettsia and clamydia, and that in 6(46.2%) were sterilization and disinfection. Contents of pathology in 14(100%) schools were cell injury and adaptation, inflammation, respiratory diseases, circulatory diseases. In 10(71.4%) were neurological disorders, in 8(57.1%) were immunity and disease, and in 7 (50%) were tumor and progressive changes. Contents of pharmacology in 15(100%) were cardivascular drugs, introduction to pharmacology, hypnotics, analgesics, local anesthetics, an ticonvulsants. In 12(80%) were drugs activity on sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system, and in 11(73%) were sulfa drugs, antibiotics, drug abuse and addiction.