• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.29 no.2 s.73
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• pp.183-195
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• 1999

Growth and development evaluation of patients with growth potential is of great importance for orthodontic treatment planning. Timing of orthodontic intervention greatly depends on one's developmental status, thus if there is a difference in skeletal maturation among malocclusion types different treatment timing should be applied. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare skeletal maturation among different malocclusion types. The samples used in this study was 38 Class I, 36 Class II and 33 ClassIII females aging from 8 to 10 years. Handwrist X-rays were taken with 6 month interval till 12-13 years of age. The results were as follows. 1. There was no skeletal maturity difference among different malocclusion types. 2. The hamular process of hamate was observed at $9.16{\pm}0.72$ years, pisiform bone at $9.13{\pm}0.71$ years and the ulnar sesamoid at $10.34{\pm}0.84$ years. 3. The timing of epiphyseal capping on the third finger was $10.96{\pm}0.80$ years for distal phalanx and $11.27{\pm}0.87$ years for middle phalanx, $11.12{\pm}0.85$ years for proximal phalanx of the first finger, $11.21{\pm}0.82$ years for radius and $11.62{\pm}0.85$ years for middle phalanx of the fifth finger. 4. The appearance of pisiform bone showed high correlation with appearance of hamular process of hamate(r=0.91) and ulnar sesamoid bone appearance showed high correlation with advanced ossification of hamular process(r=0.86). Timing of epiphyseal capping among different parts showed high correlation(r=0.80-0.90). 5. The shape of middle phalanx of the fifth finger showed the highest variability ($20.6\%$).

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.32 no.5 s.94
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• pp.301-312
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• 2002

Treatment timing is a very important factor to consider in treating skeletal Class III patients by means of maxillary protraction. According to the literature maxillary Protraction should be carried out at an early age before puberty. However, no scientific data were presented to support this statement and recent studies supported by statistical data showed disagreement concerning the optimum treatment time of maxillary protraction. Therefore, there is no agreement about the optimum treatment time of maxillary protraction. In this study hand-wrist X-rays were taken from 119 patients and subjects were grouped into prepubertal and pubertal group according to their skeletal maturity. Pretreatment and posttreatment lateral cephalometric X-rays were taken and treatment effects were compared. The average treatment time was 6.5 months for the prepubertal group and 6.1 months for the pubertal group. The obtained results were as follows ; 1. The amount of maxillary forward movement was the same for Pretreatment and pubertal group. 2. The amount of maxillary downward movement was the same for prepubertal and pubertal group. 3. The amount of mandibular downward and backward rotational movement was the same for prepubertal and pubertal group. 4. Dental effects were the same for prepubertal and pubertal group.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.32 no.4 s.93
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• pp.265-274
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• 2002

Among many maturation indicators of growing patients, menarche and skeletal maturity are useful to assess growth and development, and the changes of the first and third finger are relatively important in hand-wrist X-rays. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between menarche and the changes of the phalanx of the first and third finger and compare skeletal maturation among different malocclusion types. The sample used in this study was 29 Class 1,27 Class II and 27 Class III females whose hand-wrist X-rays had been taken with 6 month interval before the appearance of ulnar sesamoid ossification till the phalanges of the fingers were almost fused. The results were as follows. 1. There was no skeletal maturity difference among malocclusion types. 2. There was no difference in the mean chronologic age of menarche among different malocclusion types and that was $12.30\pm0.98$ years. 3. The ulnar sesamoid was observed at $10.35\pm1.01$ years, and on distal phalanx of the first finger, epiphyseal capping appeared at $11.26\pm1.04$ years and fusion at $13.12\pm1.06$ years. The epiphyseal capping on middle phalanx of the third finger was observed at $11.57\pm1.02$ years and fusion at $13.72\pm1.04$ years. 4. The timing of menarche occurred around the same time as the fusion process of distal phalanx of the first finger(p<0.001, r=0.82) and the initiation of fusion of middle phalanx of the third finger(p<0.001, r=0.78). Therefore, we can give the aid when we evaluate the growth and development of growing females seeing the changes at phalanx of the first and third finger.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.155-167
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• 2023

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of slow maxillary expansion (SME) on the dentoalveolar, skeletal, upper airway, and maxillary sinus using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Twenty-three orthodontic patients (mean age 8.93 ± 1.61 years) who were treated with maxillary expansion using banded hyrax in the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at Jeonbuk National University Dental Hospital were included. According to the expansion speed applied, they were divided into two groups: SME (12 subjects, mean age 8.92 ± 1.45 years) and rapid maxillary expansion (RME, 11 subjects, mean age 8.94 ± 1.84 years). CBCT were obtained before (T0) and after (T1) the treatment and were analyzed with InVivo5 software (Anatomage, San Jose, CA, USA). Descriptive statistics showed no significant differences between the two groups in age, sex, or skeletal maturity. There were significant increases in maxillary width at the dentoalveolar and skeletal levels for both groups. Upper airway volume revealed a significant increase of 38.59% in the SME group and 28.72% in the RME group. However, there was no significant difference between SME group and RME group in all measurements. This study suggested the efficacy of SME in growing patients. SME was effective in increasing not only dentoalveolar and skeletal measurements but also airway volume. Therefore, pediatric dentists should select an appropriate expansion method considering the physiological aspects of periodontal tissues and discomfort in growing children.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.189-193
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• 1994

Fibrous dysplasia is a benign fibro-osseous condition that is replacement of normal bone and marrow tissues by cellular fibrous tissue and immature bone, and it is divided into monostotic type and polyostotic type. Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia involves multiple bones, such as skull, jaw bones, femur and tibia. And it is also divided into two forms: the less severe Jaffe's type and the more severe Albright's syndrome. Clinically, it frequently occurs in the 2nd decade, and occurs more frequently in maxilla than in mandible. And the lesions of fibrous dysplasia tend to become static as skeletal maturity is reached. The authors experienced three cases of polyostosic fibrous dysplasia in the craniofacial area with the complaints of facial asymmetry due to painless swelling. And we discussed the clinical, radiological, and histopathological features of these cases with a brief review of the literatures.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.46-57
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• 2019

Objectives The purpose of this study is to evaluate the growth of low income and multicultural families' children in Dae-jeon area via growth indices, obesity indices and metabolic risk factors. Methods Six to 13-year-old children were enrolled in this study. Children were examined their body composition and bone age and their blood samples were collected. Results Current growth of children in low income and multicultural families was under the average compared to that of average children in the same age. Also, boys were more prone to be overweight than girls and their skeletal maturity was more rapidly progressing. Conclusions Intensive management and more training in regards to exercise and eating habits will be needed to low income and multicultural families' children.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.359-366
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• 2010

It was easy to find that children of a skeletal anterior crossbite in the early mixed dentition period showed a stark difference in the dental maturity between their maxillary and mandibular teeth, if they have stronger physical characteristics. If the difference of dental age between maxillary and mandibular teeth which can be identified via panoramic radiographs may serve as an early sign of class III malocclusion, this is considered valuable as a tool of early detection diagnosis. We obtained lateral cephalometric radiographs, panoramic radiographs, working model and clinical images of patients of Hellman dental age IIA and IIC who visited the department of pediatric dentistry, Pusan National University Dental Hospital and examined them to select 50 patents for normal occlusion group and skeletal anterior crossbite group, respectively. Their panoramic radiographs were used for the Demirjian's method to figure out dental ages of maxillary and mandibular teeth of each group and the eruption rate of the first molars. Their differences are as follows: 1. In both groups, the dental ages from Demirjian's method were advanced than the chronological ages. No sexual dimorphism was detected for the chronological or dental age in either group (p>0.05). 2. The difference of dental age of maxillary and mandibular teeth between the normal occlusion group and crossbite group was 0.22 and 0.69 years, respectively, with a higher difference in crossbite group(p<0.05). 3. Compared to the normal occlusion group, the crossbite group showed a higher difference in the eruption rate between maxillary and mandibular first molar(p<0.05).

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.48-56
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to examine measuring agreement between middle phalanx of the third finger and cervical vertebrae analysis for assessing skeletal maturity according to body mass index percentile. A retrospective chart view was used to select patients with body mass index data, hand - wrist radiographs and lateral cephalograms of same day. The patients were divided into 4 groups by body mass index percentile. The hand - wrist radiographs were analyzed using modified middle phalanx of the third finger method and the lateral cephalograms were categorized according to cervical vertebral maturation stage. The degree of agreement between the 2 methods of analyzing skeletal maturation was measured by calculating weighted kappa statistic according to body mass index percentile group. There was a good agreement between the 2 methods in the entire body mass index percentile group. According to the body mass index percentile group, the agreement was found to be different, and the pattern was different between boys and girls. Pediatric dentist should consider sex and weight status when evaluating growing children and adolescents because it can affect the agreement of 2 method of analyzing skeletal maturation.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.33-44
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• 2011

The influence of nutrition during early life on physical growth as well as mental development has been thoroughly discussed in the literature. The physical dimensions of the body are greatly influenced by nutrition, particularly during the period of rapid growth in early childhood. Nutritional status affects every pediatric patient's response toillness. Good nutrition is important for achieving normal growth and development. It is indicated that permanent impairment of the central nervous system may result from dietary restriction of imbalance during certain periods of life. If children under 3 years of age show a good nutritional status, it may be assumed that they are well nourished. Several common diseases of children such as iron deficiency, chronic constipation and atopic dermatitis are known food related diseases. Patients with chronic illness and those at risk of malnutrition should have detailed nutritional assessments done. Components of a complete nutritional assessment include a medical history, nutritional history including dietary intake, physical examination, anthropometrics (weight, length or stature, head circumference, midarm circumference, and triceps skinfold thickness), pubertal staging, skeletal maturity staging, and biochemical tests of nutritional status. The use of age, gender, and disease-specific growth charts is essential in assessing nutritional status and monitoring nutrition interventions. Nutrition assessment and dietary counseling is helpful for the cure of disease, and moreover, the prevention of illness.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.119-128
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• 2011

In the process of assessing the children with anterior crossbite in early mixed dentition, it has frequently been detected that the stronger the skeletal pattern of the malocclusion is, the more markedly delayed the development and eruption of maxillary teeth are. If the anteroposterior characteristics of craniofacial skeleton has any relationship with dental maturation, the evaluation of dental development and eruption was thought to be able to contribute to early diagnosis of crossbite in children. This study was performed for the purpose of elucidating the relationship between dental maturation of maxillary teeth and some cephalometric values in children with anterior crossbite of maxillary undergrowth type in early mixed dentition. Among the children in Hellman dental age IIA and IIC who attended the Pediatric Dental Clinic of Pusan National University Hospital with orthodontic problems, cases with Class III malocclusion were classified and 50 cases of maxillary undergrowth type and type with normal maxilla respectively were randomly selected and studied as subjects. From their lateral cephalographs and panoramic radiographs, their anteroposterior skeletal features, the dental maturity and eruption rate were obtained of each group and data were analyzed to yield the results as follows: 1. Comparing the maturity of maxillary teeth of both groups, only the first molars of maxillary undergrowth group showed significantly slower development and eruption (p<0.05). 2. There was high correlation between maturation of maxillary 1st molar and chronological age(p<0.05). 3. Among the parameters of anteroposterior relationship of skeletal pattern in maxilla and mandible. Wits was revealed as a useful index to predict both the calcification and eruption rate of the 1st molars whereas SNA was to eruption rate(p<0.05).