• 지능정보연구
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.85-107
• /
• 2019

온라인 소비자는 쇼핑 웹사이트에서 특정 제품군이나 브랜드에 속한 제품들을 둘러보고 구매를 진행할 수 있고, 혹은 단순히 넓은 범위의 탐색 반경을 보이며 여러 페이지들을 돌아보다 구매를 진행하지 않고 이탈할 수 있다. 이러한 온라인 소비자의 행동과 구매에 관련된 연구는 꾸준히 진행되어왔으며, 실무에서도 소비자들의 행동 데이터를 바탕으로 한 서비스 및 어플리케이션이 개발되고 있다. 최근에는 빅데이터 기술의 발달로 소비자 개인 단위의 맞춤화 전략 및 추천 시스템이 활용되고 있으며 사용자의 쇼핑 경험을 최적화하기 위한 시도가 진행되고 있다. 하지만 이와 같은 시도에도 온라인 소비자가 실제로 웹사이트를 방문해 제품 구매 단계까지 전환될 확률은 매우 낮은 실정이다. 이는 온라인 소비자들이 단지 제품 구매를 위해 웹사이트를 방문하는 것이 아니라 그들의 쇼핑 동기 및 목적에 따라 웹사이트를 다르게 활용하고 탐색하기 때문이다. 따라서 단지 구매가 진행되는 방문 외에도 다양한 방문 형태를 분석하는 것은 온라인 소비자들의 행동을 이해하는데 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 이러한 관점에서 본 연구에서는 온라인 소비자의 탐색 행동의 다양성과 복잡성을 설명하기 위해 실제 E-commerce 기업의 클릭스트림 데이터를 기반으로 세션 단위의 클러스터링 분석을 진행해 탐색 행동을 유형화하였다. 이를 통해 각 유형별로 상세 단위의 탐색 행동과 구매 여부가 차이가 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 소비자 개인이 여러 방문에 걸친 일련의 탐색 유형에 대한 패턴을 분석하기 위해 순차 패턴 마이닝 기법을 활용하였으며, 같은 기간 내에 제품 구매까지 완료한 소비자와 구매를 진행하지 않은 채 방문만 진행한 소비자들의 탐색패턴에 대한 차이를 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 시사점은 대규모의 클릭스트림 데이터를 활용해 온라인 소비자의 탐색 유형을 분석하고 이에 대한 패턴을 분석해 구매 과정 상의 행동을 데이터 기반으로 설명하였다는 점에 있다. 또한 온라인 소매 기업은 다양한 형태의 탐색 유형에 맞는 마케팅 전략 및 추천을 통해 구매 전환 개선을 시도할 수 있으며, 소비자의 탐색 패턴의 변화를 통해 전략의 효과를 평가할 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
• /
• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
• /
• pp.17-17
• /
• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 지능정보연구
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.1-33
• /
• 2019

제조 중소기업들은 지속적인 성장과 생존을 위해 새로운 제품 개발에 필요한 많은 정보가 필요할 뿐만 아니라 자원의 한계를 극복하기 위한 네트워킹(networking)을 추구하지만, 규모의 한계로 인해 한계점에 봉착하게 된다. 초연결성으로 인해 비즈니스 환경의 복잡성과 불확실성이 더욱 높아지는 새로운 시대에 중소기업은 신속한 정보 확보와 네트워킹 문제를 해결이 더욱 절실해지고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 공공기관인 정부출연(연)구기관(이하 '출연(연)')은 중소기업의 정보 비대칭성 문제를 해결해야하는 중요한 임무와 역할을 맞이하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 비즈니스 인텔리젼스의 경쟁 지능화(competitive intelligence) 기능과 외부 네트워크 활성화를 위한 서비스 인프라(service infrastructure)의 기능을 포함한 공공 정보지원 인프라를 통한 간접지원의 성과를 확산하고자 하는 목적으로 출연(연)이 중소기업의 혁신역량 제고를 위해 제공하는 공공 정보지원 인프라를 활용하는 중소기업의 차별적 특징을 파악하고, 인프라가 기업의 성과에 어떻게 기여하는 가를 규명하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 첫째, 출연(연)이 제공한 정보지원 인프라를 활용하는 제조 중소기업은 다른 중소기업과 어떤 차별적인 특정이 있는가? 라는 연구 질의를 도출하였다. 추가적으로 단순히 선택적 편의 여부를 판단하는 것을 넘어서 출연(연) 정보지원 인프라를 활용한 제조 중소기업의 특징을 복수 집단의 특징과 비교하는 연구를 진행하였다. 둘째, 출연(연)이 제공하는 정보지원 인프라를 활용한 제조 중소기업의 외부 네트워킹 역량이 제품 경쟁력에 어떻게 기여했는가? 라는 연구 질의이다. 본 연구에서 공공 정보지원 인프라에 의해서 강화된 외부 네트워킹 역량이 어떻게 제품 경쟁력에 영향을 미쳤는지 정밀하게 분석하기 위해 복수의 변수에 대한 매개 및 조절 효과 분석을 수행하였다. 연구 모형을 도출하기하기 위해 첫째, 외부 네트워킹이 기술혁신성과에 영향력에 대한 평가를 수행하였다. 일반적으로 기업들은 외부 네트워킹(networking) 전략을 통해 혁신에 필요한 가치 있는 정보를 획득할 수 있기 때문에 기술혁신성과를 높일 수 있다. 정보 획득은 중소 제조기업 경영자의 혁신에 대한 인식을 강화할 뿐만아니라, 의사결정을 효율적으로 하여 경쟁력을 강화시킬 수 있게 된다. 대기업에 비해 인력과 자금의 규모 한계를 극복하기 위해 중소기업은 외부 조직과의 협력관계를 보다 적극적으로 추구한다. 둘째, 기술사업화 역량이 기술혁신성과에 미치는 관계에 대한 평가를 수행하였다. 기술사업화는 생산과 마케팅을 통합하여 새로운 기술을 만드는 역량을 말한다. 우수한 생산 역량을 보유한 기업은 소비자의 수요를 가격, 품질, 신기능 측면에서 신속하게 충족시킬 수 있어 시장내 경쟁우위를 창출하고, 그 결과로 높은 재무적 혁신적 성과를 가져온다고 본다. 혁신적인 기업은 생산 역량과 마케팅 역량에서 일반 기업보다 높은 성과를 나타내는데, 기술혁신성과의 대표 지표로 제품 경쟁력을 지목하고 있다. 마지막으로 기업의 규모가 작을수록 새로운 혁신 정보를 확보할 수 있는 자체 정보지원 인프라가 없는 경향이 있다. 중소기업용 정보인프라는 기업의 제품 또는 서비스 역량을 강화하기 위한 전략에 필요한 중요한 정보를 확보할 수 있어야 하며, 데이터에 대한 해석 기능이 있어야 하고, 기업의 성장과 발전을 위한 다양한 주제(대기업, 공급자, 소비자 등)와의 협력 전략을 수립을 도울 수 있는 기능이 요구된다. 종합하면, 연구모형은 외부 네트워킹 역량(독립변수)이 기술혁신성과인 제품 경쟁력(종속변수)에 영향을 주는 기본 모형에 기술사업화 역량을 매개요인으로 적용하였고, 이들의 관계에 기업의 내부역량(연구원 집중도, 매출액, 업력)이 영향을 줄 수 있기 때문에 기업의 내부역량과 관련된 변수들을 통제하였다. 또한 KISTI가 제공한 공공 정보지원 인프라 활용한 기업별 역량 차이를 분석하기 위해, 정보지원 인프라 활용(효율성)과 관련된 KISTI 외부 기술사업화 전문가(멘토링) 정보지원 횟수의 조절 변수로 고려하였다. 본 연구에서 활용한 데이터 원천은 2차 정보인 '제8차 중소기업 기술통계조사' 자료와 1차 정보인 KISTI의 직접 설문 자료다. '제8차 중소기업 기술통계조사' 는 중소기업청과 중소기업중앙회에서 공동으로 매년 실시되고 있으며, 설문 조사의 모집단은 종사자수 5인 이상 300인 미만인 제조업 및 제조업 외 기업 중에서 기술개발을 수행하고 있는 중소기업 43,204개사이다. 이 중에서 2014년 12월 31일 현재 기준으로 기술개발을 수행하고 있는 3,300개 중소기업을 표본추출하여 방문조사를 실시하여 수집한 자료이다. 본 연구에서 KISTI의 정보지원 인프라를 통해 지원받은 290개의 KISTI 패밀리 기업(ASTI)을 대상으로 2017년에 전자 메일을 통해 자료를 수집하였다. 송부된 290개의 설문지 중 222개의 기업에서 회신을 보내왔으며 그 중에서 설문 내용이 유효한 설문 조사는 149건으로 활용율은 51.3%였다. 분석 결과에 대한 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 규모면에서는 공공 정보지원 인프라 활용 제조 중소기업(ASTI 설문 집단)과 R&D 중소기업(KBIZ 설문 집단)의 성향은 통계적으로 유의미하게 차이가 있었지만, 보다 많은 변수를 종합적으로 보면 크게 다르지 않은 집단이라고 판단했다. 공공 정보지원 인프라를 활용하는 제조 중소기업은 이미 출연(연)과 협업이 가능한 집단을 대표하는 성향 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 외부 네트워킹 역량 강화가 제품 경쟁력 제고에 기여하는데 있어서 기술사업화 역량(마케팅 및 생산 역량)이 가지는 매개 효과의 가능성을 탐색하기 위해서 먼저 통제 변수는 고려하지 않고, Baron과 Kenny(1986)의 매개 효과 분석을 수행했다. 분석결과 외부 네트워크 역량 강화 효과가 제품 경쟁력을 강화시키는 것으로 보였지만, 실제는 기술사업화 역량의 제고를 통해 제품 경쟁력을 강화시키는 것으로 나타났다. 공공 정보지원 인프라 활용의 효과성을 판단하기 위한 멘토링 정보지원 횟수의 조절효과 분석을 위해 3단계의 위계적 회귀분석을 수행하였다. 분석 결과 외부 네트워킹 역량과 멘토링 정보지원 횟수의 상호작용항이 혁신성과(제품 경쟁력)에 유의한 영향을 미쳤을 뿐 아니라, 모델의 설명력도 증가하여, 멘토링 정보지원 횟수의 조절 효과가 검증되었다. 마지막으로 앞서 확인된 복수 매개효과와 조절효과가 동시에 나타날 수 있는 가능성을 판단하기 위해서 매개된 조절효과를 검토했다. 분석결과 외부 네트워킹 역량이 높아지면 제품 경쟁력 제고에 양의 영향을 주지만, 조절 변수인 멘토링 지원 횟수가 높아질수록 그 영향은 오히려 약화되었다. 그리고 외부 네트워킹 역량이 높아지면 사업화 역량(마케팅과 생산)이 높아져서 제품 경쟁력이 높아지며, 조절변수인 멘토링 지원 횟수가 높아지면 독립변수 외부 네트워킹 역량이 매개변수 생산 역량에 미치는 역량이 작아졌다. 종합하면, 외부 네트워킹 역량의 제고는 제품 경쟁력을 높이는데 기여하는데, 직접적 기여하지는 않지만 마케팅과 생산 역량을 높여 간접적으로 기여한다(완전 매개 효과). 또한 이 과정에서 멘토링의 정보적 지원 횟수는 외부 네트워킹 역량 제고가 생산 역량을 제고하는 매개효과에 영향을 준다(순수 조절 효과). 그러나 멘토링 정보 지원 횟수는 마케팅 역량 제고와 제품경쟁력에 별다른 조절 효과를 보이진 않는 것으로 나타났다. 연구를 통한 시사점은 다음과 같다. KISTI의 정보지원 인프라는 서비스 활용 마케팅이 이미 잘 진행되고 있다는 결론을 이끌 수도 있지만, 반면에 시장의 정보 불균형을 해소하는 공공적 기능보다는(열위 기업 지원) 성과가 잘 도출될 수 있는 집단을 지원해서(의도적 선택적 편의) 성과가 잘 나타나도록 관리하고 있다는 결론에 이를 수 있다. 연구 결과를 통해서 우리는 공공 정보지원 인프라가 어떻게 제품경쟁력 제고에 기여하는지 확인했는데, 여기서 우리는 다음과 같은 몇 가지 정책적 시사점을 도출할 수 있다. 첫째, 정보지원 인프라는 분석된 정보뿐만아니라 이 정보를 제공하는 기관(또는 전문가)과 지속적인 교류나 이런 기관을 찾는 역량을 높이는 기능이 있어야 한다. 둘째, 공공 정보지원 (온라인) 인프라의 활용이 효과적이라면 병행적인 오프라인 지원인 정보 멘토링이 지속적으로 제공될 필요는 없으며, 오히려 멘토링과 같은 오프라인 병행 지원은 성과 제고보다는 이상징후 감시에 적절한 장치로 활용되어야 한다. 셋째, 셋째, 공공 정보지원 인프라를 통한 네트워킹 역량 제고와 이를 통한 제품경쟁력 제고 효과는 특정 중소기업에서 나타나기 보다는 대부분 형태의 기업에서 나타나기 때문에, 중소기업이 활용 능력을 제고할 노력이 요구된다.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.93-114
• /
• 1978

본(本) 시험(試驗)은 농가(農家)에서 부업(副業)으로 면양(緬羊)과 산양(山羊)을 사육(飼育)하여 농가수입(農家收入)을 향상(向上)시킬 수 있는 방안(方案)으로 모색(摸索)하고 아울러 면(緬) 산양(山羊)의 산육성(産育性), 산모성(産毛性), 모피이용성(毛皮利用性), 생리적(生理的) 특성(特性) 및 각(各) 경제형질간(經濟形質間)의 상호관계(相互關係)를 구명(究明)하기 위하여 1977년(年) 5월(月) 5일(日)부터 1977년(年) 11월(月) 26일(日)까지 충남대학교(忠南大學校) 농과대학(農科大學) 부속동물사육장(附屬動物飼育場)과 대전근교(大田近郊)의 농가(農家)를 선정(選定)하여 양(羊)의 발육성적(發育成績), 도체성적(屠體成績), 내장중량(內臟重量), 혈액(血液) 및 혈장성분(血漿成分), 채식성(採食性), 경제성(經濟性)을 분석(分析)하고 아울러 각(各) 경제형질간(經濟形質間)의 상관(相關)을 산출(算出)하여 비교검토(比較檢討)하였다. 본(本) 시험(試驗)에서 얻어진 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 산육성(産肉性) 및 육질(肉質) 1) 면양(緬羊)고 산양(山羊)의 발육성적(發育成績)은 196일간(日間)을 사육(飼育)한 결과(結果), 시험개시시(試驗開始時) 평균(平均) 체중(體重) 20kg와 8kg의 2배(倍)로 각각(各各) 증가(增加)되었다. 2) 면양(緬羊)은 사사구(舍飼區)와 방목구간(放牧區間)의 증체량(增體量)에 유의적(有意的) 차이(差異)가 없었다. 3) 산양(山羊)의 사육(飼育)은 전염성(傳染性) 질병(疾病)의 오염(汚染)이 없는 공주군(公州郡) 야산지대(野山地帶)에서 발육성적(發育成績)이 양호(良好)하였다. 4) 면양(緬羊)의 18개월령(個月齡) 체척측정치(體尺測定値)에서 체고(體高)에 대(對)한 비율(比率)은 십자부고(十字部高) 103%, 체장(體長) 104%, 흉심(胸心) 44%, 흉폭(胸幅) 31%, 요각폭(腰角幅) 23%, 흉위(胸圍) 135%, 전관위(前管圍) 15%였다. 재래산양(在來山羊)은 8개월령(個月齡)에서 십자부고(十字部高) 106%, 체장(體長) 109%, 흉심(胸深) 46%, 흉위(胸圍) 122%로서 면양(緬羊)보다 십자부고(十字部高), 체장(體長)과 흉심(胸心)의 비율(比率)이 높았으나 흉위(胸圍)의 비율(比率)은 낮았다. 5) 도체성적(屠體成績)에서 면양(緬羊)은 도체율(屠體率)은 $47.52{\pm}2.27%$, 골격비율(骨格比率) $9.75{\pm}1.49%$, 두골비율(頭骨比率) $2.68{\pm}0.42%$, 피모비율(皮毛比率) $20.95{\pm}2.14%$였으며, 재래산양(在來山羊)에서는 도체율(屠體率) $45.58{\pm}5.63%$, 정육율(精肉率) $27.62{\pm}3.81%$, 내장비율(內臟比率) $34.86{\pm}4.16%$, 골격(骨格), 두골(頭骨), 피모비율(皮毛比率)이 각각(各各) $11.66{\pm}1.86%$, $3.63{\pm}1.61%$, $9.26{\pm}2.41%$이었다. 6) 한국재래산양(韓國在來山羊)을 방목사사(放牧舍飼)할 경우 생산(生産)되는 도육(屠肉)의 수분(水分), 조단백(粗蛋白), 조지방(粗脂肪), 조회분(粗灰分) 함량(含量)은 근사(近似)한 차이(差異)를 나타내었다. 또한 방목(放牧) 및 사사(舍飼)한 면양도육(緬羊屠肉)을 분석(分析)한 결과(結果) 방목구(放牧區)는 사사구(舍飼區)에 비하여 수분(水分) 및 단백질함량(蛋白質含量)이 높고 지방함량(脂肪含量)은 감소(減少)하였다. 7) 각(各) 내장(內臟)의 중량(重量)은 면양(緬羊)과 재래산양(在來山羊)이 비교적(比較的) 유사(類似)한 변화(變化) 경향(傾向)을 보였는데 간장(肝臟), 심장(心臟), 신장(腎臟), 비장(脾臟)은 비교군간(比較群間)에 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되지 않았으며, 제(第)1 제(第) 2위(胃) 및 대(大), 소장(小腸)은 방목구(放牧區)가 사사구(舍飼區)에 비(比)하여 유의(有意)하게 높은 값을 나타냈고 복강내(腹腔內)의 지방량(脂肪量)은 사사구(舍飼區)가 방목구(放牧區)보다 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되는 높은 값을 나타냈다. 2. 산모성(産毛性) 및 모피(毛皮) 1) 7개월간(個月間) 사육(飼育)한 면양(緬羊)의 산모량(産毛量)은 $3.88{\pm}1.02kg$였으며 산모량(産毛量)은 $9.27{\pm}1.48%$, 모속량(毛束量)) $8.47{\pm}1.00cm$ 직선모장(直線毛長) $10.63{\pm}0.99cm$, 1일(日) 모성장(毛成長)은 $0.40{\pm}0.44cm$ Crimp수(數)는 $2.78{\pm}0.40$이였다. 2) 면양모피(緬羊毛皮)를 명(明)유제하여 부위별(部位別)로 항장력(抗長力) 및 인열강도(引裂强度)를 조사(調査)한 결과(結果) 둔부(臀部)가 항장력(抗張力) $1.35kg/mm^2$ 인열력(引裂力) $2.252kg/mm^2$로서 가장 강(强)하였으며 배부(背夫), 견부(肩部)의 순위(順位)로로 항장력(抗張力) 및 인열력(引裂力)을 나타내었다. 3. 초지(草地)의 이용(利用) 및 개량(改良) 1) 재래산양(在來山羊)의 방목(放牧) 및 계목시(繫牧時)의 채식량(採食量)은 오전(午前)에 비하여 오후(午後)가 많았으며 방목(放牧) 및 계목간(繫牧間)에는 큰 차이(差異)를 나타내지 않았다. 면양(緬羊)의 방목(放牧)과 계목시(繫牧時)의 채식량(採食量)은 방목(放牧)이 계목(繫牧)보다 우수하였으며 오전9午前)에 비(比)하여 오후(午後)가 다량(多量) 채식(採食)하였다. 2) 재래산양(在來山羊)과 면양(緬羊)을 이용(利用)하여 제경조성(蹄耕造成)한 목초지(牧草地)의 정착상태(定着狀態)를 조사(調査)한 결과 재래산양구(在來山羊區)는 6025% 면양구(緬羊區)는 77.35%로서 면양(緬羊)의 이용(利用)이 우수(優秀)하였고 재래산양(在來山羊)은 방목력(放牧力)의 부족(不足)으로 제경효과(蹄耕效果)가 적었다. 4. 각(各) 경제형질(經濟形質)의 상관(相關) 1) 면양(緬羊)의 산육성(産肉性)과 여러 형질(形質)사이의 상관(相關)은 생체중(生體重)과 일당증체량간(日當增體量間)에 높은 상관(相關)을 보여 주었고 기타(其他) 형질(形質)사이에서는 별로 상관(相關)이 없었으나 흉추(胸椎)길이와 생체중(生體重), 일단증체량(日當增體量), 정육율간(精肉率間)에서는 비교적(比較的) 높은 상관(相關)이 나타나고 있다. 재래산양(在來山羊)에 잇어서는 생체중(生體重)과 일당(日當) 증체량(增體量) 사이에 높은 상관(相關)이 있었으며 도체중(屠體重)과 정육량(精肉量) 사이에도 비교적(比較的) 높은 상관(相關)이 있었으나 내장중(內臟重)과 생체중(生體重), 일당(日當) 증체량(增體量) 사이에는 부(負)의 상관(相關)을 보여주고 있다. 2) 면양(緬羊)의 산모성(産毛性) 형질(形質) 상호간(相互間)의 상관(相關)에서는 산모량(産毛量)과 생체중(生體重), 일당(日當) 증체량(增體量), 산모율간(産毛率間)에 1% 수준(水準)에서 높은 상관(相關)을 나타내고 있어 성장(成長)이 빠른 개체에 산모량(産毛量)도 많다는 것을 추정할 수 있었다. 3) 산육성(産肉性) 형질(形質)과 체척측정치(體尺測定値) 사이의 상관(相關)은 면양(緬羊)에서는 생체중(生體重), 정육중(精肉重), 내장중(內臟重)과 흉위(胸圍), 체장(體長)사이에서 제일 높았고, 도체중(屠體重), 정육중(精肉重)과 비교적(比較的) 높은 부위(部位)는 흉폭(胸幅), 흉심(胸深)이었다. 따라서 면양(緬羊)의 체척측정(體尺測定)에 중점(重點)을 두는 것이 유효(有效)할 것으로 생각된다. 재래산양(在來山羊)의 산육성(産肉性) 형질(形質)과 체척측정치(體尺測定値) 사이에는 체척부위(體尺部位)의 대부분이 산육성형질(産肉性形質)과 높은 상관(相關)을 나타내고 있으며 특히 흉위(胸圍)와 생체중(生體重), 도체중(屠體重), 정육중(精肉重), 골격비율(骨格比率)사이에서는 0.922~0.974의 높은 상관(相關)을 보여주고 있다. 한편 산육성(産肉性) 형질(形質)과 흉심(胸深), 전관위(前管威), 체장(體長)사이에도 각각(各各) 0.759~0.911, 0.759~0.909, 0.708~0.872의 비교적(比較的) 높은 상관(相關)을 나타내고 있다. 따라서 재래산양(在來山羊)에 대한 산육성(産肉性) 추정(推定)은 흉부(胸部)에 대한 c체척치(體尺値)가 상당히 큰 의의(意義)가 있을 것으로 본다. 5. 혈액상(血液像) 및 혈장성분(血漿成分) 1) 적혈구수(赤血球數)와 평균(平均) 혈색소농도(血色素濃度)는 재래산양(在來山羊)이 각각(各各) $12.93{\times}10^6/mm^3$와 36.26%에 대하여 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되는 높은 값을 나타냈다. 2) 혈색소량(血色素量), 적혈구용적(赤血球容積), 평균(平均) 적혈구용적(赤血球容積) 및 평균혈색소량(平均血色素量)은 재래산양(在來山羊)이 각각(各各) 10.92g/100ml, 3.02ml/100ml, $23.40{\mu}^3$ 및 10.94pg로서 면양(緬羊)의 11.73g/100ml, 36.25ml/ml, $33.97{\mu}^3$ 및 8.43pg에 비하여 낮은 값을 나타냈는데 모두 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되었다. 3) 백혈구(白血球)의 수(數)는 재래산양(在來山羊)이 $11.64{\times}10^3/mm^3$을 나타내어 면양(緬羊) $9.32{\times}10^3/mm^3$보다 유의(有意)하게 높은 값을 나타냈다. 4) 백혈구(白血球)의 감별(鑑別) 수(數)에 있어서 호염구(好鹽球)는 재래산양(在來山羊)이 임파구(淋巴球)는 면양(緬羊)이 유의(有意)학 높은 값을 나타냈으며 호염구(好鹽區), 호산구(好酸球) 및 단핵구(單核球)는 차이(差異)가 없었다. 5) 혈장중(血漿中)에 함유(含有)되어 있는 총단백질(總蛋白質)과 포도당(葡萄糖)의 양(量)은 재래산양(在來山羊)이 각각(各各) 62g/100ml와 53.6mg/100ml로서 면양(緬羊)의 5.6g/100ml와 45.7mg/100ml보다 유의(有意)하게 높은 값을 나타냈으며, 총지질(總脂質)의 양(量)은 재래산양(在來山羊)이 127.6mg/100ml로서 면양(緬羊)의 149.6mg/100ml보다 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되는 낮은 값을 나타냈다. 6) 비단백질태질소화합물(非蛋白質態窒素化合物), Cholesterol, Ca, P, K, Na 및 Cl의 함량(含量)은 면양(緬羊)과 산양간(山羊間)에 차이(差異)가 없었다. 6. 경제성분석(經濟性分析) 1) 면양(緬羊)과 산양(山羊)을 196일간(日間) 사육(飼育)하였을 때 농가수익(農家收益)은 1두당(頭當) 4,000원 정도(程度)였으며 농가(農家)에서 부업(副業)으로 사육(飼育)할 수 있는 적정규모(適正規模)는 5~10두(頭)이다.

• 대한한방종양학회지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.37-53
• /
• 1998

과학기술(科學技術)의 발전(發展)에 따른 생활(生活) 및 의료(醫療) 수준의 향상(向上)에도 불구하고 산업발전(産業發展)에 따른 환경오염(環境汚染), 스트레스 증가(增加) 등 그 역기능(逆機能) 때문에 발암물질(發癌物質) 또는 자극(刺戟)에의 노출(露出) 등으로 인해서 전세계적(全世界的)으로 암(癌)으로 인(因)한 사망율(死亡率)이 증가(增加)되고 있다. 암(癌)은 현재(現在) 인류(人類)의 건강(健康)을 위협하는 주요(主要)한 질환(疾患)의 하나로, 오늘날 우리 나라에서 질환(疾患)으로 인(因)한 사망원인중(死亡原因中) 수위(首位)를 차지하고 있다. 이러한 암(癌)의 발생(發生)은 80%-90%가 환경적(環境的) 인자(因子)에 기인(起因)한다고 보고(報告)되고 있는데 앞으로 환경성(環境性) 발암물질(發癌物質)이 점차 증가(增加)됨에 따라 암환자(癌患者)의 발생(發生)도 더욱 증가(增加)될 것으로 예상(豫想)된다. 암(癌)의 서의학적(西醫學的) 치료(治療)는 주로 수술요법(手術療法), 방사선요법(放射線療法), 화학요법(化學療法) 및 면역요법(免疫療法) 등이 활용(活用)되고 있다. 이중 수술요법(手術療法)과 방사선요법(放射線療法)은 암(癌)이 전신(全身)에 전이(轉移) 증식(增殖)되기 전에 실시(實施)함으로써 효과(效果)를 거둘 수는 있으나, 암(癌)이 원발병소(原發病巢) 이외(以外)에까지 전이(轉移) 증식(增殖)되었을 경우에는 이 두가지 방법(方法)의 국소요법(局所療法)만으로서는 좋은 치료효과(治療效果)를 거두기 어렵다. 따라서 최근 항암제(抗癌劑)에 의한 화학요법(化學療法)이 다른 방법(方法)보다 유효(有效)하다고 인정(認定)이 되어 가장 많이 활용(活用)되고 있으나, 암종(癌種)에 대한 감수성차이(感受性差異), 치료후(治療後)의 부작용(副作用), 재발(再發) 및 합병증(合倂症) 등의 문제점(問題點)때문에 부작용(副作用)을 감소(減少)시키면서 항암효과(抗癌效果)를 높이는 치료법(治療法)이 계속 연구(硏究)되고 있다. 이에 1972년(年) 미국(美國) 국립암연구소(國立癌硏究所)에서 실시(實施)한 항암제(抗癌劑) 개발연구(開發硏究)에 있어서 항종양성(抗腫瘍性) Screening test에 이용(利用)된 물질중(物質中) 약 47%가 천연물질(天然物質)이었다는 사실은 주목(注目)할만 하다. 한의학적(韓醫學的) 치료법(治療法)은 최근(最近)에 변증시치(辨證施治)를 근간(根幹)으로 하여 건비익기(健脾益氣)를 위주(爲主)로한 부정거사법(扶正祛邪法)과 부정배본법(扶正培本法)이 많이 활용(活用)되고 있으며 부정법(扶正法)으로는 익기건비(益氣健脾), 자음보혈(滋陰補血), 온보비신(溫補裨腎) 등이, 거사법(祛邪法)으로는 활혈거어법(活血祛瘀法), 청열해독법(淸熱解毒法), 연견화담법(軟堅化痰法) 등이 활용(活用)되고 있는데, 이를 근거(根據)로 하여 한약(韓藥)의 복방(複方).단미(單味).단미추출물(單味抽出物) 등의 투여(投與)와 침(鍼) 구(灸) 수침(水鍼) 전침(電鍼) laser침(鍼)등의 치료방법(治療方法)을 수술(手術) 후(後) 혹(或)은 화학요법(化學療法)이나 방사선요법(放射線療法)와 병행(幷行)하여 치료효과(治療效果)가 향상(向上)되었다고 보고(報告)하고 있다. 항암제(抗癌劑)의 항암효과(抗癌效果) 정도(程度)를 검사(檢査)하는 방법(方法)은 크게 5가지로 분류(分類)되는데, 하나는 세포(細胞)를 약제(藥劑)에 노출(露出)시킨 후 현미경(顯微鏡)을 통하여 나타난 형태학적(形態學的) 변화(變化)를 가지고 약제(藥劑)의 효과정도(效果程度)를 결정(決定)하는 방법(方法)이고, 둘째는 Dye exclusion assay방법(方法)으로 살아있는 세포(細胞)가 trypan blue, eosin, nigrosin과 같은 염색액(染色液)에 염색(染色)되지 않는 점을 이용(利用)한 것이며, 세번째는 항암제(抗癌劑)의 항암효과(抗癌效果)를 알아보는 지표(指標)로 사용(使用)되는 Crrelease assay가 있으나, 세가지 방법(方法) 모두 현재(現在) 사용(使用)되고 있지 않다. 넷째로는 세포(細胞) 대사(代謝)의 방해정도(妨害程度)를 측정(測定)하거나 세포내(細胞內) 방사성(放射性) 동위원소(同位元素)의 유입방해(流入妨害) 정도(程度)를 측정(測定)하는 방법(方法)이 있고, 다섯째로는 본(本) 실험(實驗)에서 사용(使用)한 방법(方法)으로 stem cell assay라고도 하는 clonogenetic assay가 있는데, 이는 세포(細胞)를 약제(藥劑)에 노출(露出) 시킨 후 soft agar에 single cell suspension으로 배양(培養)하여 그 세포(細胞)의 분열(分裂).증식능력(增殖能力)을 측정(測定)하는 방법(方法)이다. 이 방법(方法)은 특히 성장(成長) 특성(特性)이 다른 종양세포(腫瘍細胞)의 경우 개개(個個) 세포(細胞)에 대한 약제효과(藥劑效果)를 반영(反映)할 수 있어서 종양세포(腫瘍細胞)의 이질성(異質性)에 따른 차이점(差異點)을 보정(補整)할 수 있는 방법(方法)이며, 1971년(年) Park 등이 마우스 골수종(骨髓腫) 세포(細胞)에 대한 stem cell assay를 시행(施行)해 본 결과(結果) in vivo에서의 결과(結果)와 잘 일치(一致)하여 그 이후로는 종양세포(腫瘍細胞)에 대한 항암제(抗癌劑)의 약제(藥劑) 감수성검사(感受性檢査)에 많이 사용(使用)되고 있다. 진령탕가감방은 담습응결(痰濕凝結)을 치료(治療)하는 효능(效能)을 가진 처방(處方)으로 거담작용(祛痰作用)을 가진 반하(半夏), 패모(貝母), 거습작용(祛濕作用)을 가진 의이인(薏苡仁), 백복령, 이기(理氣) 하기작용(下氣作用)을 가진 진피(陳皮), 대자석, 정향(丁香), 비파엽(枇杷葉), 항암작용(抗癌作用)을 가진 용규(龍葵), 반지련(半枝蓮), 모려(牡蠣), 하고초(夏枯草), 저령 등(等)의 약물(藥物)로 구성되어 있다. 근래(近來) 단일약물(單一藥物)의 항암효과(抗癌效果)에 대한 실험적(實驗的) 연구(硏究)로는 금(金) 등에 의한 인삼(人蔘), 녹용(鹿茸)의 항체생산(抗體生産) 억제(抑制) 완화효과(緩和效果) 및 임(任)에 의한 어성초(魚腥草), 녹혈(鹿血), 저령, 천산갑(穿山甲) 등이 정상(正常) 면역세포(免役細胞)에는 거의 독작용(毒作用)을 일으키지 않으면서 강력(强力)한 항암효과(抗癌效果)가 있다는 보고(報告), 금(金) 등에 의한 자완, 동풍채(東風菜), 영지(靈芝), 선학초(仙鶴草), 파두(巴豆) 등이 항암작용(抗癌作用) 및 면역반응(免疫反應)에 효과(效果)를 미친다는 보고(報告) 등이 있고, 복합제제(複合製劑) 약물(藥物)의 항암효과(抗癌效果)에 대한 연구(硏究)로는 강(姜) 등에 의한 식분환(息賁丸), 비기환(肥氣丸) 및 비기환이 백혈병(白血病)과 임파종환자(淋巴腫患者)에서 추출(抽出)한 암세포(癌細胞)에 항암효과(抗癌效果)가 있다는 보고(報告) 및 금(金) 등에 의한 복량환(伏梁丸), 비기환 및 소적정원산(消積正元散)이 각종(各種) 암세포주(癌細胞柱)이 성장저애(成長沮碍) 효과(效果), 윤(尹) 등에 의한 육군자탕(六君子湯), 소시호탕(小柴胡湯), 사묘탕(四妙湯), 대시호탕(大柴胡湯), 방독탕(防毒湯), 반하백출천마탕(半夏白朮天麻湯), 파두(巴豆)를 가미(加味)한 사군자탕(四君子湯) 및 사물탕(四物湯) 등이 항암작용(抗癌作用) 및 면역반응(免疫反應)에 효과(效果)를 보인다는 보고(報告) 등이 있었으나, 아직까지 진령탕가감방의 항암효과(抗癌效果)에 대한 실험연구(實驗硏究)는 없었다. 이에 저자(著者)는 항암효과(抗癌效果)가 있을 것으로 추정(推定)되는 진령탕가감방의 항종양효과(抗種瘍效果)를 알아보기 위하여, 수용성(水溶性) 추출액(抽出液)을 얻은 후 현대(現代) 병리학적(病理學的)으로 다용(多用)하는 colony형성억제실험(形成抑制實驗), SRB assay에 의한 항종양효과(抗種瘍效果), 생명연장율(生命延長率), 화학적(化學的)인 방법(方法)과 암종세포(癌腫細胞) 이식(移植)에 의한 종양(腫瘍) 유발(誘發)을 통하여 암(癌) 발생(發生) 및 그 경과(經過)에 미치는 영향(影響) 및 NK세포활성(細胞活性)에 미치는 영향(影響) 등을 관찰(觀察)하였다. 본(本) 실험(實驗)에서는 진령탕가감방의 종양세포(腫瘍細胞)에 대한 증식억제작용(增殖抑制作用)을 관찰(觀察)하고자 in vitro test인 colony형성억제실험(形成抑制實驗)과 SRB assay를 이용(利用)하였는데, 진령탕가감방의 추출액(抽出液)이 종양세포(腫瘍細胞)의 성장(成長)을 억제(抑制)하는 효과(效果)가 농도의존적(濃度依存的)으로 증가(增加)하는 결과(結果)를 보여 항종양(抗腫瘍)의 효과(效果)가 있음을 나타냈고(Table 3, 4), in vivo assay로서 sarcoma 180 복수암세포를 이식(移植)한 마우스의 평균생존일수(平均生存日數)를 관찰(觀察)하여 NCI protocol에 의하여 검정(檢定)한 결과(結果), 진령탕가감방 추출액(抽出液)을 투여(投與)한 마우스의 평균생존기간(平均生存期間) 및 생명연장율(生命延長率)이 뚜렷하게 증가(增加)되었다(Table 5). 또한 진령탕가감방 추출액(抽出液)을 마우스에 투여(投與)하면 MCA로 유도(誘導)한 종양(腫瘍) 및 3LL 세포(細胞) 이식(移植)에 의한 종양(腫瘍)의 발생율(發生率) 및 발생(發生)된 종양(腫瘍)의 크기가 현저히 감소(減少)되었다(Table 6, 7). 이러한 효과(效果)는 진령탕가감방이 감수성(感受性) 암종세포(癌腫細胞)에 직접적으로 영향(影響)을 미쳐 그 증식(增殖)이 억제(抑制)되었을 가능성(可能性)을 생각할 수 있다. 그렇지만 본(本) 연구(硏究)에서는 암종특이성(癌腫特異性)에 관한 결론(結論)을 내릴 수는 없으므로 암종특이성(癌腫特異性)에 관한 연구(硏究)는 진행(進行)해야 할 것으로 생각된다. 또 다른 가능(可能)한 진령탕가감방 추출액(抽出液)의 항종양(抗腫瘍) 작용기전(作用機轉)은 진령탕가감방 추출액(抽出液)이 NK세포(細胞)의 활성(活性)을 항진(亢進)시킨 실험결과(實驗結果)로 유추(類推)하여, 진령탕가감방 추출액(抽出液)이 종양(腫瘍)마우스에 비특이적(非特異的)인 면역활성(免疫活性)을 촉진(促進)시킴으로써 진령탕가감방 추출액(抽出液)의 항종양작용(抗腫瘍作用)이 발현될 가능성(可能性)도 생각할 수 있다. 따라서 앞으로 여러 암종세포(癌腫細胞)에 대한 진령탕가감방 추출액(抽出液)의 항종양작용(抗腫瘍作用)과 종양동물(腫瘍動物)에서의 진령탕가감방 추출액(抽出液) 투여(投與)에 의한 생체생리현상(生體生理現象)의 변화(變化), 생리활성물질(生理活性物質)의 본능(本能) 등을 밝히기 위한 보다 구체적(具體的)이고 광범위(廣範圍)한 연구(硏究)가 수행(隨行)되어져야 되리라고 사료(思料)된다. 세포성(細胞性) 면역반응중(免疫反應中) 중요(重要)한 역할(役割)을 하는 작동세포중 NK세포(細胞)는 여러 종양(腫瘍)에 대해 자연살해능(自然殺害能)을 보여 소위 T비의존성(非依存性) 면역감시기전(免疫監視機轉)에 관하여는 바이러스 및 세균(細菌)에 감염(感染)된 세포(細胞)를 파괴(破壞)하는 활성(活性)을 가지며, IL-2 및 Interferon 등에 의하여 활성(活性)이 증가(增加)된다. NK세포(細胞)가 표적세포를 파괴(破壞)하는 기전(機轉)에 관해서는 아직 확실히 알려져 있지 않으나, 첫째로 표적세포를 인식(認識)하는 시기(時期), 둘째로 융해기전(融解機轉)을 활성화(活性化)시키는 시기(時期), 셋째로 NK lymphotoxin이 유리(遊離)되는 시기(時期), 넷째로 표적세포의 사멸기(死滅期)로 나눌 수 있다. 본(本) 실험(實驗)에서 진령탕가감방 추출액(抽出液)으로 전처리(前處理)시 NK세포(細胞)의 표적세포와의 결합능(結合能)은 물론 결합(結合)된 표적세포의 융해능(融解能)이 촉진(促進)된 결과(結果)를 보이는데(Table 8), 이와 같은 결과(結果)는 진령탕가감방 추출액(抽出液)이 NK세포(細胞)의 표적세포 파괴 4단계 전체를 항진(亢進)시킨 결과(結果)로 인정(認定)된다. 이상에서 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 진령탕가감방 추출액(抽出液)을 폐암세포주인 A549와 간암세포주인 hep3B 및 신장암 유래의 종양세포주인 Caki-1 cell에 투여(投與)한 결과, in vitro test인 colony형성억제실험(形成抑制實驗)과 SRB assay에서 모두 농도의존적(濃度依存的)으로 암세포주 성장(成長)을 억제(抑制)하였다. 2. Strcoma 180세포(細胞)를 마우스에 이식(移植)하여 평균생존기간(平均生存期間) 및 생명연장율(生命延長率)을 측정(測定)하는 in vivo test에서는 진령탕가감방 추출액(抽出液)이 마우스의 평균생존기간(平均生存期間) 및 생명연장율(生命延長率)을 증가(增加)시키는 결과(結果)를 보였다. 3. 진령탕가감방 추출액(抽出液)은 MCA로 유도(誘導)한 종양(腫瘍)의 발생율(發生率) 및 발생종양(發生腫瘍)의 크기를 현저히 감소(減少)시켰으며, 3LL세포(細胞) 이식(移植)에 의한 종양발생(腫瘍發生) 또한 현저히 감소(減少)시켰다. 4. 진령탕가감방 추출액(抽出液)은 NK세포(細胞)의 활성도(活性度)를 증가(增加)시켰다. 특히 $10{\mu}g/ml$ 농도 에서 NK세포(細胞) 활성도(活性度)가 가장 현저히 증가(增加)되었다. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)로 보아 진령탕가감방은 암종세포(癌腫細胞)에 대한 직접적(直接的)인 성장억제(成長抑制) 및 세포(細胞)의 활성(活性)을 통한 면역증진(免疫增進)에 의해 다양(多樣)한 항종양효과(抗腫瘍效果)를 보인 것으로 사료(思料)된다.