• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2021

In this study, the flow path width (Gap Size), which is the flow path of fluid, was selected differently among various factors that determine the Ccontrol Force of MR damper, and the change of Control Force was confirmed accordingly. For this purpose, two MR dampers with a Gap Size of 1.0mm and 1.5mm were fabricated, respectively, and dynamic load experiments were conducted according to changes in applied current and vibration conditions The experimental results showed that the minimum Control Force was 3.2 times higher than 1.5mm in the case of 1.0mm Gap Size, and the maximum Control Force was 2.3 times higher than 1.5mm in the case of 1.0mm Gap Size. In addition, the increased width of the Control Force according to applied current was 34N for Gap Size 1.0mm, and 12.7N for Gap Size 1.5mm. As the gap Size increased, the overall Control Force and the increase in the Control Force by the applied current decreased. Next, the dynamic range, which is a performance evaluation index of the semi-active Control device, was 2.3 on average under 1.0mm condition and 2.8 on average under 1.5mm condition, confirming the possibility of utilization as a semi-active Control device.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.91-97
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• 2021

The disclosure of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is an important part of the company. CSR disclosure (CSRD) is interesting to study because CSRD in the annual reports is very important in terms of attaining company objectives to satisfy the interests of stakeholders; protect employee's interests; clarify the extent of contribution of the company in both CSR activities and CSRD; assist appropriate investment decisions. This study examines the structure of share ownership and company size as determinants of CSRD in the banking industry. We use a quantitative approach in this approach, in which researchers start with hypotheses and then collect data that can be used to determine whether empirical evidence to support that hypothesis exists. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling so that the research sample was 14 banking companies that are listed on the Indonesian Capital Market Directory from 2015-2017. Data analysis techniques using multiple linear regression determined the relationship between research variables. The results of the study state that managerial ownership, institutional ownership, foreign ownership, and company size affect CSRD. This demonstrates that the role of managerial ownership, institutional ownership, and foreign ownership have an impact on CSRD and are deemed necessary for the corporate environment. Besides, company size determines the activities of CSRD so that it can increase public confidence in the company's operational activities.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to prepare WO3 nanopowders by high-energy milling in mixture gas (7 % H2+Ar) with various milling times (10, 30, and 60 min). The phase transformation, particle size and light absorption properties of WO3 nanopowders during reduction via high-energy milling are studied. It is found that the particle size of the WO3 decreases from about 30 ㎛ to 20 nm, and the grain size of WO3 decreases rapidly with increasing milling time. Furthermore, the surface of the particles due to the pulverization process is observed to change to an amorphous structure. UV/Vis spectrophotometry shows that WO3 powder with increasing milling times (10, 30, 60 min) effectively extends the light absorption properties to the visible region. WO3 powder changes from yellow to gray and can be seen as a phenomenon in which the progress of the color changes to blue. The characterization of WO3 is performed by high resolution X-ray diffractometry, Field emission scanning electron microscopy, Transmission electron microscopy, UV/Vis spectrophotometry and Particle size analysis.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.349-362
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• 2021

This study aims to examine the effect of environmental performance, independent board of commissioners, and firm size on environmental disclosure measured by the Indonesian environmental index. The population in this study is manufacturing and coal mining companies that follow "PROPER" and are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2017 to 2019. This research was conducted by reviewing annual reports to collect information on environmental disclosures. The sampling used in this study was purposive sampling technique and obtained a sample of 117. Also, the data analysis technique used was multiple linear regression analysis with statistical hypothesis testing. The results showed that environmental performance and firm size had a positive effect on financial performance. Meanwhile, the independent board of commissioners does not affect financial performance. Furthermore, environmental performance, firm size, and financial performance have a positive effect on environmental disclosure. While the independent board of commissioners does not affect environmental disclosure. The findings of this research suggest that environmental performance has a significant positive effect on financial performance. The hypothesis is accepted, meaning that companies that are sensitive to environmental problems and run eco-efficiency operations will strengthen the company's profitability.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.289-295
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• 2021

This study investigates the role of corporate governance in the dividend decision of 198 non-financial companies listed on the Colombo Stock Exchange of Sri Lanka, over the period from 2009 to 2016. Four corporate governance indicators are used in this study; managerial ownership, the board size, board independence, and CEO duality. Furthermore, this study considers three control variables such as profitability, firm size, and corporate tax. This study employed the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) model to estimate the regression models on panel data study. The major contribution of this study is exploring the insight into the effect of corporate governance factors on dividend decisions. The results of the study revealed that managerial ownership showed a significant positive impact on the dividend payout ratio. Board size showed a significant positive influence on the dividend payout ratio. Board independence negatively but significantly influenced the dividend payout ratio. CEO duality showed an insignificant negative impact on the dividend payout ratio. In the framework of these CG indicators, Sri Lankan listed firms are recommended to have dispersed ownerships, large Board size and maintain a balance of power and authority by separating the individual who is assuming the position of the CEO from the Chairperson of the Board and maintain at least two independent directors.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 2021

This study aims to examine the impact of audit committee characteristics on income management of companies listed on the Stock Exchange of Vietnam. Research data was collected from all 745 listed companies on Vietnam's stock market over four years, from 2015 to 2018. After excluding companies that did not qualify, there were 216 companies with 864 observations. With the help of dedicated software Stata 15, the impact of audit committee characteristics (through independent variables and control variables such as Audit Committee Independence, Auditing Committee size, Auditing Committee Expertise, Auditing Committee Meeting Frequency, Company Size, Financial Leverage, and Operating Cash Flow) to earning management through a multivariate regression model was determined. Research results from Vietnamese listed companies during this period show that the size and expertise of the audit committee are inversely related to the discretionary accruals representing earning management. At the same time, the research results also identify a positive relationship between firm size and earning management, and the inverse relationship between financial leverage, net cash flow from operating operations and earning management. However, the multivariate regression results do not find clear evidence of a relationship between audit committee independence and the audit committee meeting frequency to earning management.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.133-146
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• 2021

It is important to conduct an anthropometric study to develop garment patterns to accommodate the changes found in the body size and type of men in their 30s, to effectively address fit dissatisfaction. Thus, this study aims to explore changes in the lower body sizes and body types of men in their 30s, and provide basic measurements for designing pants patterns. For this purpose, key anthropometric dimensions for the lower body of men in their 30s, which were acquired by the 6th (2010) and 7th (2015) survey conducted by Size Korea, were analyzed using SPSS 24.0 for Windows. Independent sample t-tests were conducted on major lower body sizes to track changes over time. Factor and cluster analyses were used to classify lower body types. From the comparison of the 6th (2010) and 7th (2015) surveys, it was found that the overall lower body size of men in their 30s were increasing in the height-related aspects, circumference, thickness, and width-as well as body weight and BMI. The five factors were derived to determine the typical lower body types of men in their 30s and the body types were classified into three categories through cluster analysis: (1) those with the largest body size, body volume, and obesity, (2) those with smallest body size, lower body volume, and obesity degree, visually the most skinny type, (3) those with BMI and weight that are the smallest, like Type 2, but the main circumference of the lower body is lower. In order to visually look at the statistical analysis, results were presented by producing a avatar based on the main lower body values.

• Cement Symposium
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• s.48
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• pp.18-24
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• 2021

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.175-181
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• 2021

Objectives: The correlation between the size of a leak hole, the volume of the leakage, and the range of influence was investigated for a hydrochloric acid tank-lorry. Methods: For the case of a tank-lorry chemical accident, KORA (Korea Off-site Risk Assessment Supporting Tool) was used to predict the leak rate and the range of influence according to the size of the leak hole. The correlation was studied using R. Results: As a result of analyzing the leak rate change according to the leak hole size in a 35% hydrochloric acid tank-lorry, as the size of the leak hole increased from 1 to 100 mm, the leak rate increased from 0.008 to 83.94 kg/sec, following the power function. As a result of calculating the range of influence under conditions ranging from 1 to 100 mm in size and 10 to 60 minutes of leakage time, it was found that the range spanned from a minimum of 5.4 m to a maximum of 307.9 m. As a result of multiple regression analysis using R, the quadratic function model best explained the correlation between the size of the leak hole, the leak time, and the range of influence with an adjected coefficient of determination of 0.97 and a root mean square error of 22.33. Conclusion: If a correlation database for the size of a leak hole is accumulated for various substances and under various conditions, the amount of leakage and the range of influence can easily be calculated, facilitating field response activities.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.135-144
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• 2021

End-member (EM) analysis of grain-size distribution data for detrital fractions of IODP Site U1430 core sediments from the South Korea Plateau (East Sea) identified 4 EMs grain-size populations (EM) which represent either Asian dusts (Hwangsa) or volcanic ashes. The two EMs representing volcanic ashes consist of fine and coarse glass shards with various morphologies and constitute 0-82% of the total grain-size distributions. The 33% mixing percentage of volcanic ash EMs seems appropriate for a cut-off value for discrimination of grain-size data influenced by volcanic ash input from those dominated by Hwangsa.