• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.519-525
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• 2016

Background: The objective of this study was to report the types and relative frequency of oral malignancies and precancer in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia during the period 2009-2014. Materials and Methods: Pathology reports were retrieved from the archives of Histopathology Department, King Fahd hospital in Jazan. Demographic data on tobacco habits, clinical presentation and histologic grading of oral precancer and cancer cases were transcribed from the files. Results: 303 (42.7%) oral pre-malignant and malignant cases were found out of 714 oral biopsy lesions. A pathology diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma (85.1%) was most frequent, followed by premalignant lesions/epithelial dysplasia (8.6%), verrucous carcinoma (3.3%) and malignancy of other histological types (3%) such as ameloblastic carcinoma, salivary gland malignancy and sarcomas. Oral squamous cell carcinoma was predominant in females with a male to female ratio of 1:1.9. Patient age ranged from 22 to 100 years with a mean of $65{\pm}13.9$. Almost 44.6% of oral cancer had occurred after 65 years of age. Only 16.3% cases were reported in patients younger than 50 years, predominantly females. The majority of female patients had the habit of using shammah with a long duration of usage for more than 45 years. Buccoalveolar mucosa (52.3%) was the common site of involvement followed by tongue/floor of the mouth (47.7%) and clinically presented mostly as ulceration/swelling clinically. Moderately differentiated tumours (53.9%) were common followed by well differentiated (32.2%) and poorly differentiated tumours (5.8%). The prevalence of oral verrucous carcinoma (3.3%) was comparatively low with an equal distribution in both males and females. Both bucco-alveolar mucosa and tongue were predominantly affected. Oral precancer/epithelial dysplasia (8.6%) was common in females with a shammah habit. Bucco-alveolar mucosa was commonly involved and clinically presented mostly as white/red patches. Most cases were mild followed by moderate and severe dysplasia. Tumours of other histological types (3%) include 1 ameloblastic carcinoma, 3 malignant salivary gland tumours and 5 sarcomas. Conclusions: In this study, it was found that oral cancers reported in the pathology service to be a common occurrence. This study reconfirms previous reports of the high burden of oral cancer in this population This indicates that conventional preventive programs focused on oral cancer are in need of revision. In addition, further research into identifying new risk factors and molecular markers for oral cancer are needed for screening high risk individuals.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.205-212
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• 2006

Using adipose derived stem cells(ASCs), neurogenic differentiation was induced in a mono layered culture medium containing neuronal induction agents. Cells differentiated to the neuronal cells were observed with a inverted microscope and immunofluorecent study. We made a 15 mm long defect in the sciatic nerve of 14 rats and connected a silicone tube to the defect. Then, we mixed neuronal progenitor cells differentiated from ASCs with collagen gel and grafted them to a group of rats(experimental group) and grafted only collagen gel into another group(control group). In 4 and 8 weeks after the graft, histological observation was made. According to the result, the number and diameter of myelinated axons were significantly increased in the experimental group. In addition, the nerve conduction velocity was improved more in the experimental group and neovascularity also increased. Moreover, reaction with S100 and p75 was observed in regenerated nerves in the experimental group, suggesting that the grafted cells were differentiated into supportive cells such as Schwann's cells. In conclusion, this research proved that ASCs can multiply and differentiate into neuronal cells. If they are grafted into nerve defects, the grafted cells are differ entiated into supportive cells such as Schwann's cells and thus contribute to nerve regeneration. Accordingly, the use of adipose tissue obtained easily without the limitation of donor site can be greatly helpful in treating peripheral nerve defects.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.28-38
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• 2011

주거는 그 시대의 사회 문화적 가치관이 총체적으로 표현되는 것으로 지속성과 변화를 반영한다. 한국 전통주택의 마당은 외부공간이긴 하나, 안채와 맞물린 한 짝의 공간으로 내부공간에서 못다 이룬 주거기능의 많은 부분을 수행하고 있다. 개화기 이후 우리의 주거문화는 급격한 환경변화의 과정 속에서 가치관과 주생활 양식의 변화와 함께 마당의 형태, 기능, 의미가 달라지고 있다. 이에 47개 연구대상지를 통해 주택마당의 현황과 실태를 파악하여 마당의 변용과 분화를 분석, 종합하였다. 연구대상지에 전통주택 마당의 원형과 달리 분화된 방식으로 표현되고 있는 대표적인 요소는 재식의 재료와 방법, 점경물의 이용, 포장재료, 물의 이용, 텃밭의 변화 등이었다. 전통주택 마당에 나타나는 정원양식의 현대적인 분화는 마당의 역할이 변화함에 따라 정원 영역의 분화가 나타났고, 경계와 적극성의 정도에 따라 정원 형태의 분화가 나타나고 있었다. 또한 장식성과 실용성의 추구에 의한 정원의 기능 분화와 편리성 추구에 따라 정원의 소재 분화가 나타났다. 그 밖에 상징과 일상적인 의미에서 상업성, 개방정원의 의미가 추가되어 정원의 이용 분화가 나타나고 있었다.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the major influencing factors of breast cancer death and to suggest policy measures to promote the health of breast cancer patients. Methods: The method of this study performed statistical analysis by applying weights to 2,300 cases of breast cancer registration statistics in Korea collected in 2018 due to the relatively small number of mortality data compared to survival. Statistical processing of the collected data was analyzed using SPSS 26.0. Results: The epidemiologic characteristics of death in breast cancer patients were 31.8% in those aged 70 years or older, and the mortality rate was 5.25 times higher in patients aged 70 years or older than those aged 39 years or younger. The anatomical site code was 36.4% in C50.4~C50.6, and the mortality rate was 1.82 times higher in C50.4~C50.6 than in C50.0~C50.1. The tumor size was 40.4% and larger than 4cm, and the mortality rate was 4.53 times higher in tumors larger than 4cm than those smaller than 1cm. The degree of differentiation was 13.9% in the poorly differentiated group, and the mortality rate was 4.38 times higher in the poorly differentiated group than in the highly differentiated group. In the hormone receptor test, non-triple negative cases were 59.6%, and the mortality rate was 0.57 times lower in non-triple negative cases than in triple negative cases. As for lymph node involvement, the presence or absence of lymph node involvement was 78.8%, and the mortality rate with lymph node involvement was 1.36 times higher than that without lymph node involvement. The survival period of 13 to 24 months was the highest at 26.5%, and the average survival period was 25.68 months (±14.830). Conclusion: A policy to advance the timing of national health examinations for early detection of breast cancer is necessary. In addition, a bill for the mandatory placement of health educators in medical institutions for patients with special diseases such as breast cancer should be prepared.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2009

This research is conducted on temporary street furniture, which is one of the significant factors that comprise the street landscape in modem cities. The primary purpose of this research is to present the guidance on direction of planning by examining the design and installation types of construction and screen fences usually established at construction sites for buildings, roads, parks and etc. The results are as follows: 1. The construction and screen fences at construction sites of urban areas used to be a mere tentative facility to prevent noise and safety accidents but have now incremented their roles to serve not only as a functional but also as an aesthetic element with a city view and harmonization with other elements taken into consideration. In particular, it is noticeable that, based on its unique feature of tentativeness, its role has developed to serve as street furniture that adds variability to the modem city. 2. There are two different types of screen fences: blackout type and transparent type. The transparent screen turns out to be used a lot at the construction site of building a skyscraper or differentiated building in downtown city area or in places where there are buildings of similar types and shapes located along the street in the vicinity of the construction site. 3. The actual cases of adopting the tentative construction and screen fences all at the same time as a single unit have been found in historically and culturally significant architectures with the screen design used to demonstrate the view after completion of construction or the characteristics of the architecture.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.70-79
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• 2013

원유 유출 사고 시 원유에 의한 생태계 영향 뿐만 아니라 원유에 포함된 중금속에 의한 오염도 평가되어야 한다. 허베이 스프리트호 유출 해역 부근의 조간대 및 연안역에서 사고 직후인 2007년 12월, 2008년 1월에 표층 퇴적물을 채취하였고 유기탄소, 황 및 금속 원소들을 정량하여 원유에 의한 퇴적물의 중금속 오염을 평가하고자 하였다. 원유에는 C, S 및 V, Ni가 함유되어 있었고, As, Cd 등 유해한 금속은 함유되어 있지 않았다. 유기탄소 농도로 보았을 때 오염이 가장 심한 정점은 원유의 영향이 약 10% 정도인 것으로 추정되었으며, 이 정점에서는 다른 정점들에 비해 높은 V 농도를 보였다. 금속간의 비(V/Al 및 Ni/Al)를 통하여 원유 오염 의심 정점을 다른 정점과 구분할 수 있었으며 이 비들을 향후 원유 오염 지시자로 활용할 수 있으리라 예상된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.3209-3212
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• 2012

Introduction: Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the most common gastrointestinal malignancy in the older population, but it is also quite frequent among young adults in developing countries. The aim of this study was to update the trends of clinicopathological features of CRC in young Nepalese. Methods: A retrospective comparative study on the data retrieved from the surgical records of all patients between 20 to 39 years of age with CRC was carried out for periods of 5 years each from 1999 to 2003 (early) and 2004 to 2008 (recent), treated at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. Results: The number of young adults with CRC increased from 28 to 34. However, the proportion of young patients in both groups was 28% of all CRC patients. The mean ages were $34{\pm}4.7$ and $31.8{\pm}5.1$ years in early and recent 5 years, respectively, and the male female ratio changed from 2:3 to 4:3. Abdominal pain as the most common presenting symptom was replaced by bleeding per rectum in recent years. The mean duration from onset of symptoms to seeking medical advice decreased from 7.8 months to 5.6 months in recent years. More patients (85.3%) were subjected to endoscopic examination in recent years than early years (60.7%) and right colonic cancer increased from 10.7% to 26.5%. However, the rectum was the commonest site in both early (71.4%) and recent (50%) groups. CRC was detected significantly at an earlier stage (7.1% vs 32.4%) in recent years with large proportion of modified Dukes B stage. Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma was the predominant histology in both groups (50% vs 60.7%). Curative resection had risen in recent years (39.3% vs 73.6%). Conclusion: CRC among Nepalese young adults accounts for a high incidence (28%) of all CRC cases. Although right sided colonic cancer has been increasing, rectum is the commonest site. There is also an increasing trend for diagnosis at earlier stages of the disease which can be treated with curative intent.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2009

The purpose of this epidemiologic study was to provide clinically useful information on the fundamentals for both the diagnosis and treatment planning of oral squamous cell carcinoma, which comprises $80{\sim}90%$ of all oral cancers. One hundred and forty two patients diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma were selected from a total of 220 patients with oral malignancies. The patients' medical and follow-up records were reviewed and their survival was traced. The highest occurrence rate was observed in those aged between 60 and 69 years. The tongue was the most common primary site(31.7%) for oral squamous cell carcinoma. The survival rate was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The overall five-year survival rate of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients was 66.90%. The 5-year survival rate according to stage was 85.82% for stage I, and 49.98% for stage IV. The five-year survival rate according to the originating site was 91.67% for the retromolar trigone, 75.30% for the tongue, and 62.41% for the maxillary gingiva. In terms of cell differentiation, the majority(58.5%) was the well-differentiated type, which had a 5-year survival rate of 70.62%.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.200-212
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to make the internet website on the order-made fashion design so as to do meet the need of netizen in the 21st century. It made the consumer do the design which he or she wants by the combination of the compositions that do select the pattern of the skirt design to fit his or her size and body shape. For the set-up of website, the elements of composition must be considered, and also the planning and design must be done fur the order-made fashion design. With the internet website, it's possible to do reach the below points; first, it can make the consumer do the design which he or she wants by himself or herself; second, it can provide him or her the information of measuring his or her body shape to buy the design pattern which he or she wants. Third, it can be contributed to make the brand more active by improving his or her satisfaction with the design and pattern which he or she wants. Also it can bring up the effects as fellows; first, lashing power of the design can be increased by the order-made fashion design to attract his or her interest, and also it can make him or her more satisfied. Second, the competitiveness can be strengthened by the differentiation of the fashion site between the existing design and the order-made fashion design. Third, the production of design can be higher and also its expense can be reduced even for the small and medium-sized clothes maker or merchants. Finally, it is able to enlarge the applicable field into the design of small articles, home fashion, and textile which they want to sell the differentiated and order-made products.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.149-156
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• 2013

사이버 쇼핑몰은IT 기술발전에 힘입어 다양하고 급속하게 성장하면서 온라인 쇼핑 업체들 사이에 경쟁은 더욱 가열되고 있다. 이로 인하여 온 오프라인에서 업체들의 차별화된 마케팅 전략과 특징이 절실하게 요구되며, 자체 경쟁력 확보를 위한 분석과 투자에 많은 노력을 기울이고 있다. 특히, 꽃시장의 경우에 오프라인에서 온라인이 병행되고, 전국시장 네트워크가 형성됨으로써 소규모 업체들의 시장진입과 경쟁력 확보가 매우 어려워지고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 온라인 꽃시장 활성화와 꽃 배달 서비스 강화 방안을 위해 시장에서 상위에 랭크된 사이트 분석과 시장 현황 분석 및 서비스 전략 방안을 제시하며, 이를 실현하기 위한 사이트 구축에 관하여 기술하였다. 이를 통해 꽃 배달 서비스 강화를 통한 꽃 시장 마케팅 활성화와 경쟁력을 통해 시장에서의 입지 강화를 기대해 볼 수 있다.