• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.42-47
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• 2014

This paper is aimed to investigate and analyze of characteristic for electrical equipment and work environment for the small-scale site. In order to investigate and analyze electrical equipment and work environment for preventing electric shock disaster in construction sites, 50 small-scale construction sites and 12 large-scale construction sites are selected. This paper completed site investigations of low-voltage equipment and the portable electric machine and equipment in 12 large-scale construction sites and 50 small-scale construction sites. The findings were about the electric shock environment relevant to the ground-relevant equipment, the panel board, the protection tools, the sockets, the temporary wiring system, the portable and movable electric machines and equipments in small-scale construction sites. Finally, this study analyzed the domestic and foreign relevant standards and regulations and these findings can be utilized as educational data warning electric shock risk caused by electric equipment in small-scale construction site.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.215-220
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the rate, patterns, and risk factors associated with tumor recurrence in patients with T1N0 gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: The medical records of 8,753 patients with pathological T1N0M0 gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy between 1994 and 2014 at Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine were examined. Results: Among the 8,753 patients, 95 patients (1.1%) experienced tumor recurrence; this included 31 remnant, 27 hematogenous, 9 lymph nodal, 5 peritoneal, and 23 multiple-site recurrences. When patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of tumor recurrence, the following characteristics were higher in the recurrence group than in the non-recurrence group: older age (${\geq}65years$), male gender, undifferentiated histology, submucosal invasion, and venous invasion. In multivariate analysis, older age, male gender, tumor depth (sm2 and sm3 invasion), and venous invasion were independent risk factors for tumor recurrence. The recurrence rates were 0.7% in patients with less than two risk factors, 1.7% in those with two risk factors, 3.0% in those with three risk factors, and 6.3% in those with four risk factors (P<0.001). Conclusions: Although tumor recurrence is rare in pT1N0M0 gastric cancer, some patients with certain risk factors demonstrate an increased rate of tumor recurrence. Careful follow-up is required for patients with three or four risk factors.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.3477-3482
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• 2014

Objective: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have an increased risk of extra-intestinal cancer, whereas its impact on cholangiocarcinoma (CC) remains unknown. The aim of this study was to obtain a reliable estimate of the risk of CC in IBD patients through a meta-analysis of clinical observational studies. Methods: Relevant studies were retrieved by searching PUBMED, EMBASE and Web of Science Databases up to Dec 2013. Four population-based case-control and two cohort studies with IBD were identified. Summary relative risk (RR) and its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model. Potential sources of heterogeneity were detected using subgroup analyses. Results: The pooled risk estimate indicated IBD patients were at increased risk of CC (RR = 2.63, 95%CI = 1.47-4.72). Moreover, the increased risk of CC was also associated with Crohn's disease (RR = 2.69, 95%CI = 1.59-4.55) and ulcerative colitis (RR = 3.40, 95%CI = 2.50-4.62). In addition, site-specific analyses revealed that IBD patients had an increased risk of intrahepatic CC (ICC) (RR = 2.61, 95%CI = 1.72-3.95) and extrahepatic CC (ECC) (RR = 1.47, 95%CI = 1.10-1.97). Conclusions: This study suggests the risk of CC is significantly increased among IBD patients, especially in ICC cases. Further studies are warranted to enable definite conclusions to be drawn.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.118-125
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• 2010

Purpose: Operative morbidity and mortality from gastric cancer have decreased in recent years, but many studies have demonstrated that its prevalence is still high. Therefore, we investigated the risk factors for morbidity and mortality considering the type of complication in patients with gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 259 gastrectomies between 2004 and 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Overall morbidity and mortality rates were 26.6% and 1.9%, respectively. A major risk factor for morbidity was combined resection (especially more than two organs) (P=0.005). The risk factors for major complications in which a re-operation or intervention were required were type of gastrectomy, upper location of lesion, combined resection, and respiratory comorbidity (P=0.042, P=0.002, P=0.031). Mortality was associated with preexisting neurologic disease such as cerebral stroke (P=0.016). In the analysis of differen complication's risk factors, a wound complication was not associated with any risk factor, but combined resection was associated with bleeding (P=0.007). Combined resection was an independent risk factor for a major complication, surgical complication, and anastomotic leakage (P=0.01, P=0.003, P=0.011, respectively). Palliative resection was an independent risk factor for major complications and a previous surgery for malignant disease was significantly related to anastomosis site leakage (P=0.033, P=0.007, respectively). Conclusions: The risk factors for gastrectomy complications of gastric cancer were combined resection, palliative resection, and a previous surgery for a malignant disease. To decrease post-gastrectomy complications, we should make an effort to minimize the range of combined resection, if a palliative gastrectomy is needed for advanced gastric cancer.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.04c
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• pp.103-105
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• 2008

In, this paper, we consider the relation between on-line monitoring and diagnostics on the one hand and high-voltage (HV) withstand and partial discharge (PO) on-site testing on the other. HV testing supplies the basic data (fingerprints) for diagnostics. In case of warnings by on-line diagnostic systems, off-line withstand and PO testing delivers the best possible information about defects and enables the classification of the risk. Because alternating voltage (AC) is the most important test voltage, the AC generation on site is considered. Frequency tuned resonant (ACRF) test systems are best adapted to on-site conditions. They can be simply combined with PO measuring equipment. The available ACRF test systems and their application to electric power equipment -from cable systems to power transformers - is described.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.04c
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• pp.111-114
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• 2008

The paper considers the relation between on-line monitoring and diagnostics on the one hand and high-voltage (HV) withstand and partial discharge (PD) on-site testing on the other. HV testing supplies the basic data (fingerprints) for diagnostics. In case of warnings by on-line diagnostic systems, off-line withstand and PD testing delivers the best possible information about defects and enables the classification of the risk. Because alternating voltage (AC) is the most important test voltage, the AC generation on site is considered. Frequency tuned resonant (ACRF) test systems are best adapted to on-site conditions. They can be simply combined with PD measuring equipment. The available ACRF test systems and their application to electric power equipment -from cable systems to power transformers - is described.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.29-52
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• 2009

This paper reveals the conceptual relation between High Level Radioactive Waste Repository Site(HLRWR) and Policy Acceptance of Local Residents thorough the Causal Loop Diagram. The Resident's policy acceptance depends on the perceived risk of that facility. To reduce the risks, government has to prepare the schemes of the total supporting program including cash and the local development programs.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.909-910
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• 2007

The volatile organic compounds exposure is governed by the source distance and dispersion of the pollutant into air and groundwater. The purpose of this study was to validate suggested models for the prediction of concentration distributions. The study design was organized into different methods to simulate industry site. The distribution models generally showed a fair agreement with measured data. For graphical representation of concentration of volatile hydrocarbon, it has to obtain a continuous representation of the contamination of the site. Therefore, the used interpolative methods examined for this project are the IDW(inverse Distance Weighting) and kriging method. In the results, in summary, all two different methods can be used to quantify exposures at a particular source area, and thus provide, a solid foundation for making risk-based decisions. All the calculations can be performed using Excel's built-in functions, and the capabilities of geospatial analysis allow the results to be displayed visually. However, anyone who uses these methods should understand all of the assumptions and limitation.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.6-11
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• 2009

It is anticipated that quality assurance for the Ka band Communication Payload System(COPS) development program of the communication, Ocean & Meteorological Satellite(COMS) may be a core technical factor to be concerned in order to avoid any failure, and to assure its final performance during the mission lifetime in space. Those can be managed and verified and assessed by performing the Quality Assurance (QA) and risk management which helps to prevent and to reduce the critical fails. This paper introduces the Product Assurance (PA) system and procedures for controlling and monitoring sub-contractors which were participated in Ka band Communication Payload System (COPS) development. Also this paper shows Quality Assurance (QA) procedures and detailed their processes for assured the product performed by local companies from site survey for selecting companies to delivery of their equipment.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.336-347
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• 2013

This paper presents an evaluation of stream restoration projects in Seoul with a focus on dissolved oxygen. Five test sites across four streams were measured for dissolved oxygen (DO) in late May to early June in 2012 and compared against a set of minimum and maximum thresholds. Only one test site, Hwarang-cheon, showed measurements below 6 mg/l DO. Towards the upper limit, the Hwarangcheon site was the only tested stream which was not at risk of DO supersaturation. The Danghyeon-cheon site had the highest probability of supersaturation, with DO saturation exceeding 130% expected 86.5% of the time. When measured every hour during daytime, DO levels showed diurnal variations, peaking in the afternoon. However, they showed inconsistent results along transects of the streams. Overall, the streams are rich in DO. To maintain the streams in good standing, nutrient loading should be addressed to prevent potential algal bloom induced hypoxic events down the line.