• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2010

Purpose: To examine the effects of a 36-week resistance training program on body composition, fitness and blood lipid profiles in the obese elderly. Method: fourteen subjects were assigned into the resistance training group. The 12-16 exercise sessions were performed for 60min with 15-25 repetitions twice per week for 36 weeks. Data were analyzed by paired t-test with SPSS version 12.0 for Windows. Results: Significant changes were evident in weight (t=5.983, p<.001), body mass index (t=5.922, p<.001), % body fat (t=3.480, p=.004), and fat free mass (t=-2.592, p=.022). Concerning exercises, no significance was noted for back scratch (t=-1.814, p=.093), but were for 2-min step (t=-3.075, p=.009), arm curl (t=-2.223, p=.045), chair stand (t=-3.671, p=.003), chair sit and reach (t=-2.508, p=.026), and 8-ft up and go (t=5.545, p<.001). No significant changes were evident in total cholesterol (t=1.189, p=.279), and total glucose (t=0.689, p=.517), while the change in high-density lipoprotein was significant (t=3.535, p=.012). Conclusion: The 36-week resistance training program enhanced body composition and physical fitness, but not blood lipid profiles in obese elderly subjects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.14-22
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• 2008

The forest soil sediment disasters occurred in Jinbu-myeon Pyeongchang county were investigated characteristics by the aerial photograph analysis. After digitizing from aerial photographs, forest soil sediment disaster sites were classified into 695 collapsed sites, 305 flowed sites and 199 sediment sites. DEM (Digital Elevation Model) were generated from 1 : 5,000 digital topographic map. Factors of geography, hydrology, biology, and geology were analyzed using DEM, geologic map, and forest stand map with aerial photographs by GIS spatial analysis technique. The forest soil sediment disasters were mainly occurred from southeastern slope to southwestern slope. In collapsed sit es, the average slope degree is $28.9^{\circ}$, the average flow length is 163.5m, the average area of drainage basin is 897$m^2$. In case of flowed sites, the average slope degree, flow length, the area of drainage basin and confluence order is $27.0^{\circ}$, 175m, 2,500$m^2$ and 1, respectively. In sediment sites, the average slope, flow length, the area of drainage basin and confluence order is $12.5^{\circ}$, 2,50m, 25,000$m^2$ and 4, respectively. Also the forest soil sediment disasters were occurred most of collapsed sites in the afforest land after felling and igneous rocks composed of granite.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.413-418
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• 2009

This study was to investigate the muscoulosckeletla pain from 214 dental hygienist during treatment process in Ulsan and Kyungnam. The data collection was done from March to May in 2009 with questionnaire. The study results were as follows. In the participant's age characteristic, under 23 years old(34.1%) was majority, other participant age group were 24~26 years old(33.6%), 25~29 years old(20.6%), and over 30 years old(11.7%). Other participant characteristic were unmarried participant(86.4%), none religion(43.5%), and graduation from college(88.3%). In the participant's business characteristic, working place were dental clinic(57.5%), and dental hospital(42.5%), career was 1~2 years(42.5%) and a number of change job was once(45.1%). Salary were 1,300,000~1,490,000 won (33.6%), 1,500,000~1,990,000 won(29.9%), under 1,300,000 won(26.2%), 2,000,000~2,490,000 won(7.5%). A number of dental hygienist was over 20 person(85.9%) and the average dental hygienist was 15.6 person. A number of dentist were one person(28.5%), 2 person(22.4%), 4 person(19.2%) and the average dentist was 3.2 person. Dental hygienist's working hour was 8~9(49.5%), a large part of dental hygienist was assistance of general treatment(70.1%). Other results were 5 days/week working(60.3%), and night shift(49.1%). In an effect of musculoskeletal pain during working, neck pain was significantly influenced by body posture such as "head forward 15 degree or head round", "non balanced shoulders", "bend waist", "bend wrist", and "sit astraddle on a chair". Shoulders pain was significantly influenced by body posture such as "head forward over 15 degree", "bend waist", and "stand up straightly". Knee pain was significantly influenced by body posture such as "stand up straightly", and hip pain was influenced by "sit astraddle on chair".

• 한국노년학
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.1247-1259
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• 2009

Muscle mass is reduced by aging. There seems to be no direct relationship between sarcopenia(muscle loss) and medical cost in the elderly, but lowering muscle mass results in increase risk of fall and decrease of strength, fitness, physical activity, and independent life. This is coupled with physical trouble and chronic degenerative disease such as diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. Thus, sarcopenia is potential risk factor increasing mortality. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of elastic band exercise and detraining on sarcopenia prevention related variables, body composition and fitness. The subject of this study was 60~70 aged 14 seniors who participated in exercise program in J-welfare senior center at J-gu in S-city. Elastic band exercise was performed twice per week for 12 weeks. The body composition and fitness variables were measured before 12 weeks of control, after control(before exercise), after 12 weeks of exercise(before detraining), and after 12 weeks of detraining. There was no significant difference in body composition and fitness variables before and after 12 weeks of control, but elastic band exercise before and after 12 weeks has effect on body composition variables such as weight (t=2.978, p=0.001), body mass index (t=3.502, p=0.004), percent body fat (t=2.216, p=0.045), muscle mass (t=-3.837, p=0.002), visceral fat area (t=5.186, p<0.001), and waist-hip ratio (t=3.045, p=0.009) and on fitness variables such as 2-minutes step (t=-6.891 p<0.001), arm curl (t=-4.702, p<0.001), chair stand (t=-4.860, p<0.001), chair sit and reach (t=-5.910, p<0.001), back scratch (t=-3.835, p=0.002), and 8-ft up and go (t=7.560, p<0.001). This exercise effect was continued after 12 weeks of detraining on body composition variables such as weight (t=2.323, p=0.037), body mass index (t=2.503, p=0.026), muscle mass (t=-3.137, p=0.008) and on fitness variables such as 2-minutes step (t=-6.489 p<0.001), chair stand (t=-4.694, p<0.001), chair sit and reach (t=-3.690, p=0.003), and 8-ft up and go (t=7.539, p<0.001). It was found that the elastic band exercise has positive effect on body composition and fitness in the elderly and the effect was maintained over 12 weeks of detraining.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.509-517
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the patterns of exposure of welders to strong magnetic fields for extended periods of time on the basis of their daily activities as recorded in a logbook. Methods: Male workers whose main job is welding, specifically seven welders occupied with gas tungsten arc welding(GTAW), two performing shielded metal arc welding(SMAW), and ten engaged in gas metal arc welding(GMAW), were measured in terms of the degree to which they were exposed to extremely low frequency(ELF) magnetic fields over 24 hours by using an electromagnetic field meter(EMF meter), as well as based on a daily activity log. Results: The welders were exposed to $1.25{\pm}4.95{\mu}T$ of magnetic field per day on average. For those who spent more than half a day-735.26 minutes, or 51.1% of the day-at work, the figure averages $3.88{\pm}8.85{\mu}T$ with a maximum value of $221.28{\mu}T$. The subject welders spent $338.14{\pm}154.95$ minutes per day at home. During their stays at home, they were exposed to an average of $0.17{\pm}0.06{\mu}T$ with a maximum value of $3.50{\mu}T$. The maximum exposure of $221.28{\mu}T$ occurred when welders performed GMAW. The average exposure reached its highest at $17.71{\pm}6.96{\mu}T$ when conducting SMAW. Magnetic field exposure also depends upon posture: welders who sat while welding were exposed five times more than those who stood during work, and this difference is statistically significant. As for the relationship between distance from the welding power supply and maximum magnetic field exposure, maximum magnetic field exposure decreases as the distance increases. The average magnetic field exposure, in the meantime, showed no significant difference depending on distance. Conclusions: The following were observed through this study: 1) welders, while conducting jobs, are exposed to magnetic fields not only from the welding machine, but also from the surrounding base material due to the current flowing between the welding machine and base material, meaning that they are continuously exposed to a magnetic field; and 2) welders are more exposed to magnetic fields while they sit at a job compared to when they stand up.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.375-384
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of long-term aerobic dancing exercise on body composition, physical fitness and mental function in older women over 70 years old. All subjects were limited to older women aged 70 to under 85. The experimental group performed aerobic exercise of 2-3 times a week for 9.2 ± 4.6 yrs, and the control group did not perform any regular exercise and spent 3-4 times a week mainly in the relaxing facility for older. As a results in this study, the weight, muscle mass and body fat percentage of the aerobic group were not significantly different from those of the control group, but there were significantly positive effects of aerobic group in visceral fat mass, abdominal obesity rate(%), body water content and systolic blood pressure(p < .05). In terms of physical fitness, Sit & reach, one-legged stand (right) and TUG of the aerobic group were significantly higher than those of the control group(p < .05), but there were no significant differences between two groups in the shoulder flexibilities and grip strength. MMSE as a cognitive function was not significantly different between the two groups, but GDS was significantly lower in the aerobic group than in the control group(p < .05). According to the correlation analysis between all variables and MMSE and GDS, MMSE was significantly inversely correlated with height (r = -0.425)(p < .05), and no correlation was detected with other variables. However, GDS have signitively negative correlations with resting heart rate(r = -0.464), sit & reach(r = -0.525) left(r = -0.491) and right grip strengths(r = -0.635) as well as positive correlation systolic blood pressure(r = 0.482) and TUG (r = 0.479), respectively(p < .05). In conclusion, long-term aerobic exercise of elderly women over 70 older had positive effects on variables related to metabolic disease (visceral fat and resting heart rate), silver fitness variables related to falls, and depression level in the elderly.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.299-306
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• 2009

In this study, pulse waves were measured at radial artery using non-invasive tonometric pulse pressure measurement system, SphygmoCor(AtCor, Australia), according to subject's posture. Then it was analysed whether the pulse wave parameters, which contain heart activities, change among three different postures (upright stand, sit, and supine). And it was also verified that the pulse wave parameters change among blood pressure level groups(hypotensive, normotensive, and hypertensive). As a results, posture effects were verified in time information of pulse wave rather than amplitude. But some parameters calculated by ratio of two amplitude, such as augmented index(AI) and ratio of central aortic pulse and radial artery pulse, showed significant difference according to postures. In post hoc test, time to the $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ pulse peak(P_$T_1$, and P_$T_2$), ED(ejection duration), and HR(heart rate) showed significant difference among posture groups with each other. In comparison of blood pressure groups, it was verified that the parameters related to amplitude of pulse wave showed significant difference rather than time information.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.1081-1092
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• 2021

The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of the 16-week combined exercise on the blood dopamine concentrations, functional fitness and QOL in patients with parkinson's disease. To this end, 24 persons parkinson's disease in over 60 years old who participated in this study were classified in to the exercise group(n=12) and control group(n=12), and then the exercise group was twice a week for 16-weeks, 70 min per session combined exercise was applied. The test dada were analyzed by two-way repeated measures ANOVA, paired t-test, and independent t-test. The alpha level of .05 of significance. As a result, first, parkinson's disease who regularly participated in the combined exercise significantly increased blood dopamine concentrations(p<.001). Second, parkinson's disease who regularly participated in the combined exercise significantly improved grip strength(p<.001), arm curl(p<.001), stand up and sit down a chair(p<.001), 3m walk and come back(p<.01). Third, parkinson's disease who regularly participated in the combined exercise significantly improved QOL(p<.001). Thus, the combined exercise had the positive effects and may be helpful to increased the blood dopamine concentration and improved functional fitness and QOL.

• 한국노년학
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.683-694
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• 2010

This study was to investigate the effects of aquarobics exercise on body composition, fitness and health related quality of life (sf-36) in elderly women and to provide basic data to exercise prescription. The subjects were the 60~70 years old seniors who participated in exercise program at health promotion center and had been divided into exercise(N=25) and control(N=30) group, respectively. Aquarobics exercise was performed twice per week for 8 weeks at 40~70% heart rate reserve(exercise intensity) and body composition, fitness and SF-36 were measured before and after exercise. In body composition, there were significance in weight(p=0.044), body mass index(p=0.038), and %fat(p=0.005) between groups before and after. In fitness, there were no significance in fitness such as chair stand, and chair sit and reach, but there were significance in 2-minute step(p<0.001), arm curl(p=0.005), back scratch(p=0.023), and 8-ft up and go(p<0.001) between groups. In SF-36, there were no significance in physical functioning, role limitation-physical, role limitation-emotional, social functioning, mental health, and vitality, but there were significance in bodily pain(p=0.039), and general health(p=0.024) between groups. It was found that aquarobics exercise was one of the good exercise types for the elderly to improve body composition and fitness. Also, there was positive effect on health-related quality of life partially.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.217-226
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• 2010

The lower limb orthosis with a pneumatic rubber actuator, which is intended for the assistance and the enhancement of muscular activities of lower limbs was developed in this study. Compared to other knee extension assistive devices being developed by other researchers, our device is designed especially for the elderly people and intended only for slight assistance so that the subjects can keep their muscular strength. For the effectiveness of system, muscular activities of major muscles in lower limbs during sit-to-stand (STS) and squat motion were measured and analyzed. Subjects were performed the STS and squat motion with and without lower limb orthosis. We made comparison muscular activities between with and without lower limb orthosis. Lower limb orthosis was controlled using muscular stiffness force feedback that is controlled by muscular activities of the measured muscle from force sensor. For analysis of muscular activities, electromyography of the subjects was measured during STS and squat motion, and these were measured using MP 150(BIOPAC Systems, Inc.). Muscles of interest were rectus femoris(RF), vastus lateralis(VL), vastus medialis(VM) and vastus intermedius(VI) muscles in lower limbs of the right side. A biodex dynamometer was used to measure the maximal concentric isokinetic strength of the knee extensors of wearing and not wearing orthosis on right side. The test were performed using the concentric isokinetic mode of test with the velocity set at 60°/s for muscles around the knee joints. The experimental result showed that muscular activities in lower limbs wearing orthosis using muscular stiffness force of a vastus medialis muscle was reduced and knee extension torque of an knee joint wearing lower limb orthosis was increased. With this, we confirmed the effectiveness of the developed lower limb orthosis.