• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.309-324
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• 2005

This paper presents an efficient and accurate coupled beam model for piezoelectric bimorphs based on improved first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT). The model combines the equivalent single layer approach for the mechanical displacements and a layerwise modeling for the electric potential. General electric field function is proposed to reasonably approximate the through-the-thickness distribution of the applied and induced electric potentials. Layerwise defined shear correction factor (k) accounting for nonlinear shear strain distribution is introduced into both the shear stress resultant and the electric displacement integration. Analytical solutions for free vibrations and forced response under electromechanical loads are obtained for the simply supported piezoelectric bimorphs with series or parallel arrangement, and the numerical results for various length-to-thickness ratios are compared with the exact two-dimensional piezoelasticity solution. Excellent predictions with low error estimates of local and global responses as well as the modal frequencies are observed.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2000년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.515-520
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• 2000

The state-of-the-practice design expressions currently used for the calculation of shear strength of concrete columns due to circular transverse hoop steel were reviewed. From this, it was found that the single valued constant effective section area of shear steel to be conservative in some degree that concrete sections built in non-seismic regions. A general expression as n alternative was suggested considering the wide range of section configurations. The theoretical prediction was validated through the experimental observations.

• Advances in materials Research
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.77-89
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• 2014

In the present article, the thermal buckling of zigzag single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is studied using a nonlocal refined shear deformation beam theory and Von-Karman geometric nonlinearity. The model developed simulates both small scale effects and higher-order variation of transverse shear strain through the depth of the nanobeam. Furthermore the present formulation also accommodates stress-free boundary conditions on the top and bottom surfaces of the nanobeam. A shear correction factor, therefore, is not required. The equivalent Young's modulus and shear modulus for zigzag SWCNTs are derived using an energy-equivalent model. The present study illustrates that the thermal buckling properties of SWCNTs are strongly dependent on the scale effect and additionally on the chirality of zigzag carbon nanotube. Some illustrative examples are also presented to verify the present formulation and solutions. Good agreement is observed.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.509-518
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• 2017

The objective of the present paper is to investigate the bending behavior with stretching effect of carbon nanotube-reinforced composite (CNTRC) beams. The beams resting on the Pasternak elastic foundation, including a shear layer and Winkler spring, are considered. The single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are aligned and distributed in polymeric matrix with different patterns of reinforcement. The material properties of the CNTRC beams are estimated by using the rule of mixture. The significant feature of this model is that, in addition to including the shear deformation effect and stretching effect it deals with only 4 unknowns without including a shear correction factor. The single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are aligned and distributed in polymeric matrix with different patterns of reinforcement. The material properties of the CNTRC beams are assessed by employing the rule of mixture. The equilibrium equations have been obtained using the principle of virtual displacements. The mathematical models provided in this paper are numerically validated by comparison with some available results. New results of bending analyses of CNTRC beams based on the present theory with stretching effect is presented and discussed in details. the effects of different parameters of the beam on the bending responses of CNTRC beam are discussed.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.342-347
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• 2001

Recently, adhesive-bonding technique is wifely used in manufacturing structures. Stress and strain analysis of joints are essential to design adhesive-bonded joints structure. The single-lap adhesive joint is the design dominating the range of adhesive joints. In this study, single-lap specimens with different joint dimensions were used for the tensile-shear test and finite element calculation in of order to investigate the effect of overlap length and adhesive-bonding thickness on adhesive strength and stress distribution of the joints. Consequently, it was found that overlap lap size and thickness can be important parameters of structure joints using adhesive bonding, which is effected on adhesive strength.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.527-537
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• 2016

We describe a stress analysis of a single leaf flexure under torsion in which the warping effect is considered. The theoretical equations for the warping normal stress (${\sigma}_{xx}$) and shear stresses (${\tau}_{xz}$ and ${\tau}_{xy}$) are derived by applying the warping function of a rectangular cross-sectional beam and the twist angle equation that includes the warping torsion. The results are compared with those of the non-warping case and are verified using finite element analysis (FEA). A sensitivity analysis over the length, width, and thickness is performed and verified via FEA. The results show that the errors between the theory of warping stress results and the FEA results are lower than 4%. This indicates that the proposed theoretical stress analysis with warping is accurate in the torsion analysis of a single leaf flexure.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2005년도 봄학술 발표회 논문집(I)
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• pp.315-318
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• 2005

The objective of this study is to find out discrepancy in ability of bond behavior between Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer(CFRP Plate) and concrete by method of experiment. For the objective, single and double face shear test were tested. From the experimental results, it was analyzed bond strength of FRP to concrete, distribution of stress and strain of FRP. The bond strength and the effective bond length was evaluated by the theory of existing studies. Effective bond length of single face test was smaller than it of double face test.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.163-173
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• 2024

PURPOSE. This study assessed the effect of storage time on chemical structure of a single-bottle and a two-bottle experimental ceramic primer and micro-shear bond strength (µSBS) of composite to ceramic. MATERIALS AND METHODS. This study was conducted on 60 sintered zirconia and 60 feldspathic porcelain blocks. Half of the specimens (n = 30) were subjected to surface treatment with the single-bottle Clearfil ceramic primer (n = 15) and two-bottle experimental primer (n = 15) after 24 hours. The remaining half received the same surface treatments after 6 months storage in distilled water. Composite cylinders were bonded to the ceramics, and they were then subjected to µSBS test. Also, the primers underwent Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) after 24 hours and 6 months to assess their chemical structure. Data were analyzed with 3-way ANOVA and adjusted Bonferroni test (alpha = 0.05). RESULTS. The µSBS of both ceramics significantly decreased at 6 months in one-bottle ceramic primer group (P = .001), but it was not significantly different from the two-bottle experimental primer group (P = .635). FTIR showed hydrolysis of single-bottle primer, cleavage of silane and 10-MDP bonds, and formation of siloxane bonds after 6 months. CONCLUSION. Six months of storage caused significant degradation of single-bottle ceramic primer, and consequently had an adverse effect on µSBS.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2018

최근에 오스테나이트와 페라이트의 조직을 갖는 듀플렉스계 스테인리스강이 개발되었고 오스테나이트계 스테인리스강에 비해 고강도, 응력부식균열에 대한 고내식성과 재료비절감으로 다양한 산업분야에서 사용량이 증가되고 있다. 그러나, 현재 스테인리스강은 한국 건축구조기준에 구조용재료로 지정되어 있지 않고 구조설계기준도 마련되어 있지 않는 실정이다. 이 연구에서는 2행 1열 듀플렉스계 스테인리스강(STS329FLD) 볼트접합부에 대한 구조적 성능을 조사하기 위한 실험적 연구를 수행하였다. 주요변수는 전단접합형태(일면전단과 이면전단)과 하중방향 연단거리이다. 종국파단형태는 전형적인 블록전단파단, 인장파단과 면외변형이 관찰되었다. 일면전단 접합부에서 면외변형발생으로 최대 20%까지 내력저하가 발생되었다. 실험최대내력은 현행설계기준 AISC/AISI/KBC, EC3와 AIJ 및 기존연구자에 의한 제안된 식에 의한 예측내력과 비교하였다. 면외변형이 발생하지 않은 접합부에 대해서 실제 전단파단단면을 고려한 Clement & The의 식에 의한 예측내력이 실험내력에 가장 근접했고 면외변형을 동반한 접합부에 대해서는 면외변형을 고려해 제안한 Kim & Lim식에 의해서 과대평가하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.398-407
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• 2007

본 연구는 소아 환자의 유동성 복합 레진 수복 시 접착제의 사용 및 중합 여부 그리고 접착제 종류에 따른 수복물 변연의 미세누출과 전단결합강도를 비교함으로써 치료 시간의 단축 가능성을 타진해보고자 시행하였다. 미세누출을 평가하기 위해 우식이 없거나 법랑질에 제한된 우식이 있는 상, 하악 소구치 84개, 전단결합강도 평가를 위해 협설면에 우식이나 결손부가 없는 대구치 70개를 각각 준비하여 사용하였다. 접착 시스템의 종류에 따라 총 7군을 설정하여 I군과 II군은 Single $Bond^{TM}$, III군과 IV군은 AQ Bond $Plus^{TM}$, Ⅴ군과 Ⅵ군은 Prompt L-$Pop^{TM}$ 그리고 접착 시스템을 사용하지 않고 레진을 충전하는 VII군을 대조군으로 설정하였다. 미세누출과 전단결합강도를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 미세누출 평가 결과 Single $Bond^{TM}$를 사용한 I군과 II군이 다른 군에 비하여 낮은 염료 침투를 나타냈다. I군과 II군 사이의 염료 침투 양상은 유사하게 나타났다. 2. 전단결합측정결과 I군과 II군이 다른 군에 비하여 높은 수치를 나타냈으며 통계적 유의차를 보였다(p<0.05). I군과 II군 사이에는 유의차가 없었다(p>0.05). 3. I군과 II군, III군과 IV군, V군과 VI군 사이에는 통계적 유의차가 없었다(p>0.05). 4. VII군은 I, II군과 V, VI군에 비하여 통계적 유의차가 있게 낮은 전단 결합 강도를 보였으며(p<0.05) III, IV군과는 보다 낮은 수치를 보였으나 통계학적 유의차는 없었다(p>0.05).