• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.269-276
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• 1992

Studies were carried out to find the freezing media which gives no ice crystals in single(glycerol, ethylene glycol, dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)) and mixture solutions(glycerol＋propylene glycol, glycerol＋ethylene glycol) of permeable cryoprotectants in vitrification solution and to study effects of VS on the survival of vitrified mouse morulae. The results are summarized as follows: 1. In toxicity test of permeable cryoprotectants, 30% glycerol of single solution showed the highest FDA-score(4.1) in mouse morulae frozen compared among other single solutions. The FDA-score(4.1) of 30% glycerol was higher than 30% ethylene glycol(3.6) and DMSO(1.4( (P<0.05). 2. 20, 30 or 40% single solution of permeable cryoprotectants containing m-PBS with 10% sucrose and 20% BSA was not crystallized during cooling, but crystallized during warming. However, the 30% mixture solution of the two permeable cryoprotectants was not crystallized both during cooling and warming.3. When mouse morulae were frozen in 30% mixture solutions of two permeable cryoprotectants(glycerol and propylene glycol, glycerol and ethylene glycol), highest FDA-score(4.5) was obtained in a mixture solution of 20% glycerol and 10% ethylene glycol(20G10E) than other 30% mixture solutions(10G20E, 15G15E, 20G10P, 15G15P, 10G20P) and there was significant difference between 20G10E and 10G20E(P<0.05).

• The Journal of Engineering Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.85-98
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• 2004

The adsorption equilibrium data for the binary gas mixture system from the pure gas adsorption data of carbon dioxide and ethylene on ZSM-5 prepared were predicted. The binary gas mixture adsorption data have been examined against predicted values by two models-the vacancy solution model(VSM) and the statistical thermodynamic model(STM), using parameters obtained from the single component isotherm. The binary gas mixture data for the carbon dioxide-ethylene system were obtained for cation exchanged forms of ZSM-5 for the gas phase carbon dioxide mole fraction of 0.752 at $37^{\circ}C$ and 1 atm. The experimental adsorption phase diagrams were obtained for carbon dioxide-ethylene on sodium form ZSM-5 synthesized. The single component adsorption isotherms for carbon dioxide and ethylene were also obtained for this zeolite. The single component data were used to obtain parameters derived in two models. These parameters were, in turn, used to predict the binary mixture isotherms for this zeolite. Both the vacancy solution and the statistical thermodynamic models give satisfactory predictions of adsorption phase diagrams for the binary gas mixtures of carbon dioxide and ethylene on sodium exchanged ZSM-5. Also the correlation between the experimental data and the predicted values is generally in good agreement. The system appears to show ideal behavior with a relatively constant separation factor. The slight increase in adsorption capacity with an increase in ionic radius is due, in part, to the higher polarizability associated with larger cations.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.790-796
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• 2011

This study was designed to investigate the influence of ratio of anionic/nonionic surfactant mixture on detergency of particulate soil under various solutions. The detergency of the particulate soil was determined by adhesion of particle to fabric and its removal from fabric separately. The PET fabric and ${\alpha}-Fe_2O_3$were used as materials of textile and model of particulate soil, respectively. The detergency was investigated as a function of surfactants concentration, ionic strength, kinds of electrolyte and mole numbers of oxyethylene ether of nonionic surfactant in different ratio of anionic/nonionic surfactant mixture. Although some deviations exist, the adhesion of particle to fabric generally increased with decreasing its removal from fabric. The detergency of particulate soil on PET fabric was relatively higher in anionic/nonionic surfactant mixed solution than in each single surfactant solution, but the influence of ratio of anionic/nonionic surfactant mixture on detergency of particulate soil was low. Generally the detergency of particulate soil on fabric was at its maximum at 0.1% surfactant concentration, $1{\times}10^{-3}$ ionic strength, $Na_5P_3O_{10}$ electrolytes and 10 mole numbers of oxyethylene ether of nonionic surfactant, regardless of ratio of anionic/nonionic surfactant mixture.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.219-223
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• 2000

The ferroelectric SBT films were deposited on Pt/Ti/SiO$_2$/Si substrates by liquid injection metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) with single-mixture solution of Sr[Ta(OEt)$_5$(dmae)]$_2$and Bi(C$_6$ 6/H$_5$)$_3$. The Sr/Ta and Bi/Ta ratio in SBT films depended on deposition temperature and mol ratio of precursor in the single-mixture solution. At the substrate temperature of 40$0^{\circ}C$, Sr/Ta and Bi/Ta ratio were close to 0.4 and 1 at precursor mol ratio of 0.5~1.0, respectively. As-deposited film was amorphous. However, after annealing at 75$0^{\circ}C$ for 30 min in oxygen atmosphere, the diffraction patterns indicated polycrystalline SBT phase. The remanent polarization (Pr) and coercive field (Ec) of SBT film annealed at 75$0^{\circ}C$ were 4.7$\mu$C/$\textrm{cm}^2$ and 115.7kV/cm at an applied voltage of 5V, respectively. The SBT films annealed at 75$0^{\circ}C$ showed practically no polarization fatigue up to 10$^10$ switching cycles.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.87-93
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• 2005

A new assay technique to distinguish between pure compounds and the isomeric mixtures has been suggested using single molecule (SM) fluorescence detection technique. Since the number of emission spots in a fluorophorespread film prepared from a genuine dye solution was determined by experimental condition, the deviation of spot numbers from the expected values could be considered to be an indication of lower purity of the sample solution. The lower limit of sample concentration for this assay was determined to be $5{\times}10^{-10}$ M to show uniform number of expected spots within 10% uncertainties in our experimental condition. An individual fluorescence intensity distribution for a mixture of isomers having doubly different emissivities was simulated by adding distributions obtained from Cy3 and nile red (NR) independently. The result indicated that the mixture could be identified from the pure compounds through the difference in the number of Gaussian functions to fit the distribution. This new assay technique can be applied to the purity test for synthetic biofluorophores which are usually prepared in small quantities not enough for classical ensemble assays.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.445-451
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• 2005

Up to the present, fabric finishing methods have been mainly employed for the application of chitosan. However, the coated chitosan acid salt is prone to be detached from the fabric during the laundering process. In order to improve the wash fastness, chitosan treated fabrics are being subjected to thermal curing. In this study, chemical crosslinking reaction by epichlorohydrin was introduced to improve the problem of the thermal curing. An improvement of the wash fastness is expected since the coated chitosan component on the fabric become insoluble by the introduction of the crosslinking. The demerit of the single chitosan treatment (inferior handle due to the excessive stiffness, etc.) was supplemented by the application of chitosan-polyurethane mixture solution. The mixture ratios were adjusted to 1 : 0, 1 : 0.25, 1 : 0.5, 1 : 1, and 1 : 2 for the chitosan/PU mixture. Physical and mechanical properties of the finished fabric specimens were measured using the Kawabata Evaluation System(KES), and hand values were calculated accordingly based on the translational formulas.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.40-46
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• 2019

The solvent extraction of Tb(III) from hydrochloric acid solution was investigated by employing single organophosphorus (D2EHPA, PC88A and Cyanex 272), its mixture with Alamine 336 and ionic liquids with Aliquat 336. The equilibrium pH after the extraction with extractant mixtures and ionic liquids was higher than that by single extractants. Among the mixtures and ionic liquids, only the ionic liquid with Cyanex 272 and Aliquat 336 showed synergism to the extraction of Tb(III). The extraction percentage of Tb(III) by the extractant mixtures was lower than that by single extractant and the extraction order was in the following order : D2EHPA + Alamine 336 > PC88A + Alamine 336 > Cyanex 272 + Alamine 336. The extraction order of Tb(III) by the ionic liquids was Cyanex 272 + Aliqaut 336 > PC88A + Aliquat 336 > D2EHPA + Aliquat 336.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.150-157
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• 1999

According to the fact that Macbansuk and clay are very porous, we produced combined adsorbent and we investigated the removing capacity of adsorbent to toxic heavy metal (Pb, Cu) in the single and mixed solution.Then the experimental parametars were pH, reaction time and amount of adsorbent. And we studied possibility of adsorbent by applying to the Freundlich isotherm. As raising the pH of single and mixed solution in range 2~5, the maximum adsorption capability was investigated in range 3~4. When Cu and Pb were applied to Freundlich isotherm, l/n were 0.291 and 0.513 respectively. In the case of mixed solution with both, l/n value was 0.614. In this study, we concluded that the combined adsorbent treated toxic heavy metal is possible under 100 ppm of its concentration.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.234-238
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• 1995

MgFe2O4 formation, grain growth in Fe2O3, Fe solid-solution limit in MgO for MgO-Fe2O3 mixture were studied by means of investigating the distribution of phases and compositions in reaction area between MgO and Fe2O3. The reaction area at equlibrium was composed with MgO-FexO matrix and MgFe2O4 precipitation, MgFe2O4 was formed by precipitating from MgO-FexO matrix dependent on oxygen partial pressure. Fe contents was exponentially decreased with diffusion distance in MgO single crystal, and thus Fe solid-solution limitation in MgO was about 4mol%. The grain growth rate in Fe2O3 base was increased with Mg contents diffused from MgO single crystal.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.253-262
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• 1981

The AgI/ PV${\cdot}$THF membrane electrode could be used as an indicator electrode in the potentiometric titration of single halide and mixture halide solutions with the standard solution of silver nitrate. The errors in the stepwise titrations of mixture halide solutions were considerably large, but by addition of flocculating agent, such as $NaNO_3$ or $Ba(NO_3)_2$, in the sample solution, the errors were greatly reduced. Also, the effects of gelatin, filter paper and temperature on the titration errors were examined.