• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.143-151
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the technical factors of Cuervo forward straight vaults with single twist, single and half twists, and double twists actually performed by three execellent male gymnasts participated in artistic gymnastics competition of 2003 summer Universiade in Daegu and the 85th National Sports Festival in Cheongju. To accomplish the research goals the Cuervo vaults of three gymnasts were filmed by using three digital camcorders set by 60 Hz, and data were collected through the DLT method of three dimensional cinematography. The kinematic and kinetic variables as each phasic time, CM displacement velocity, release angle inclination angle hip joint angle landing angle, average horse reaction force average moment arm average torque, whoe body's total remote local angular momentum were analyzed, so the following conclusions were reached. Generally to perform the better Cuervo vault, a gymnast should touch down on the board with the great horizontal velocity of the whole body through the fast run-up, and touch down on the horse by decreasing the horizontal displacement of the whole body during the preflight, so raise CM height gradually within a short horse contact time. He should increase the horse reaction force through checking the horizontal velocity of the whole body effectively and the inclination angular displacement of the handstand, if so he can have the large vertical velocity of the whole body. By using the acquired the velocity and the angular momentum of the whole body, he can vault himself higher and twist sufficiently, then he can get better if the body could be tilted by swinging both arms and perform the cat twist with a little flexions at hip joints. According to the above outcomes we can judge that the best athletes is LuBin, the better is YTY, and the next is JSM.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2022

Objective: FKBP prolyl isomerase 5 (FKBP5) has been shown to play an important role in metabolically active tissues such as skeletal muscle. However, the expression of FKBP5 in Muscovy duck tissues and its association with body weight are still unclear. Methods: In this study, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of FKBP5 in different tissues of Muscovy duck at different growth stages. Further, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected in the exon region of FKBP5 and were combined analyzed with the body weight of 334 Muscovy ducks. Results: FKBP5 was highly expressed in various tissues of Muscovy duck at days 17, 19, 21, 24, and 27 of embryonic development. In addition, the expression of FKBP5 in the tissues of female adult Muscovy ducks was higher than that of male Muscovy ducks. Besides, an association analysis indicated that 3 SNPs were related to body weight trait. At the g.4819252 A>G, the body weight of AG genotype was significantly higher than that of the AA and the GG genotype. At the g.4821390 G>A, the genotype GA was extremely significantly related to body weight. At the g.4830622 T>G, the body weight of TT was significantly higher than GG and TG. Conclusion: These findings indicate the possible effects of expression levels in various tissues and the SNPs of FKBP5 on Muscovy duck body weight trait. FKBP5 could be used as molecular marker for muscle development trait using early marker-assisted selection of Muscovy ducks.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.1113-1124
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• 2018

Geological dynamic hazards during deep coal mining are caused by the failure of a composite system consisting of the rock and coal layers, whereas the joint in coal affects the stability of the composite system. In this paper, the compression test simulations for the rock-coal combined body with single joint in coal were conducted using $PFC^{2D}$ software and especially the effects of joint length and joint angle on strength and failure characteristics in a rock-coal combined body were analyzed. The joint length and joint angle exhibit a deterioration effect on the strength and affect the failure modes. The deterioration effect of joint length of L on the strength can be neglected with a tiny variation at ${\alpha}$ of $0^{\circ}$ or $90^{\circ}$ between the loading direction and joint direction. While, the deterioration effect of L on strength are relatively large at ${\alpha}$ between $30^{\circ}$ and $60^{\circ}$. And the peak stress and peak strain decrease with the increase of L. Additionally, the deterioration effect of ${\alpha}$ on the strength becomes larger with the increase of L. With the increase of ${\alpha}$, the peak stress and peak strain first decrease and then increase, presenting "V-shaped" curves. And the peak stress and peak strain at ${\alpha}$ of $45^{\circ}$ are the smallest. Moreover, the failure mainly occurs within the coal and no apparent failure is observed for rock. At ${\alpha}$ between $30^{\circ}$ and $60^{\circ}$, the secondary shear cracks generated in or close to the joint tips, cause the structural instability failure of the combined body. Therefore, their failure models present as a shear failure along partial joint plane direction and partially cutting across the coal body or a shear failure along the joint plane direction. However, at ${\alpha}$ of $60^{\circ}$ and L of 10 mm, the "V-shaped" shear cracks cutting across the coal body cause its final failure. While crack nucleations at ${\alpha}$ of $0^{\circ}$ or $90^{\circ}$ are randomly distributed in the coal, the failure mode shows a V-shaped shear failure cutting across the coal body.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.242-245
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• 2011

Socheongryong-tang has been used for the treatment of inflammatory allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma in Asian countries. This study was conducted to investigate the safety of Socheongryong-tang in rats. The safety of this tang on acute toxicity was evaluated by single dose toxicity study. Rats were orally administrated in a single dose of 0 and 2000 mg/kg (limited dose) Socheongryong-tang. There were 7 rats in each groups. All animals were sacrificed after 14 days of treatment. After single administration, mortality, clinlcal signs, body weight changes and gross pathological findings were observed for 14 days. Three parameters were tested: organ weight measurement, clinical chemistry, and hematology. In this study with rats, Socheongryong-tang treatment did not show any acute toxicity. No mortality was noted for 14 days of treatment. There were no adverse effects on clinical signs, body weight, organ eight and gross pathological findings at all treatment groups. The clinical chemistry parameters attesting to liver and kidney functions as well as the hematological parameters were within the normal ranges. From single dose toxicity study with rats, it is considered that $LD_{50}$ of Socheongryong-tang is over 2000 mg/kg in oral administration. This finding of the safety on single dose toxicity study of Socheongryong-tang are expected to strengthen the position of Socheongryong-tang as nontoxic medicine.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1997년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집; 한국전력공사 서울연수원; 17-18 Oct. 1997
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• pp.1334-1337
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• 1997

A spacecraft attitude control ground hardware simulator development is discussed in the paper. The simulator is called KT/KARI HILSSAT(Hardware-In-the Loop Simulator Single Axis Testbed), and the main structure consists of a single axis bearing and a satellite main body model on the bearing. The single axis tabel as ans experimental hardware simulator that evaluates performance and applicability of a satellite before evolving and/or confirming a mew or and old control logic used in the KOREASAT is developed. Attitude control of spaceraft by using reaction wheel is performed.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.125-134
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• 2000

This paper presents the results of vehicle dynamics simulation for development of single axle bogie for freight vehicle. Those results consists of hunting stability, ride comfort and curving performance such as derailment ratio, unloading ratio. Dynamic behaviors of vehicle having single axle bogie is carried out using the multi-body dynamics simulation program(VAMPIRE). The results of analysis meet the criteria proposed by Korean National Railroad(KNR) and Korea Railroad Research Institute(KRRI).

• 농업과학연구
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2016

Silk has had a reputation as a luxurious and sensuous fabric but it is not popular due to the expensive price and poor durability. To develop the silk materials that apply the various industries, the artificially synthesized gene can be introduced into the silkworm and expressed in the silk gland. Transgenic silkworms for the mass production of green fluorescent silks are generated using a fibroin H-chain expression system. For commercial use, safety assessment of the transgenic silkworms is essential. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential acute oral toxicity of EGFP protein expressed in genetically modified (GM) fluorescence silkworm and to obtain the approximative lethal dose in the male and female at 6-weeks ICR mice. EGFP protein was fed at a dose of 2,000 mg/kg body weight in five male or five female mice. Mortalities, clinical findings and body weight changes were monitored for 1, 3, 7, 14 days after dosing. At the end of 14 day observation period, all mice were sacrificed, and the postmortem necropsy were performed. The test group was not observed death case. Also the effect was not admitted by test substance administration in common symptoms, the body weight and postmortem. The results of single-dose oral toxicity test showed that approximative lethal dose of EGFP protein expressed in fluorescence silkworm was considered to exceed the 2,000 mg/kg body weight in both sexes.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.173-177
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the pathogenicity and acute single toxicity of Lactobacillus spp. PSC101 (PSC101) isolated from pigs and L. acidophilus (LA) at 2.5$\times$$10^9$CFU or 2.5$\times$$10^{12}$colony forming units (CFU) in mice for 14 days. After oral administration of the bacteria into mice, we could not find their any specific pathogenicity from the standpoints of clinical signs, and changes in body weight and body temperature, as compared with the control group during 14 days. We further investigated the toxicity of concentrated culture broth ($\times$10) after fermentation of them for safe industrial process. As the results, we could not find any clinical signs, changes in body weight and body temperature, as compared with the control group (MRS broth) for 14 days. The results obtained in this study suggest that the potentially probiotic, PSC101, is non-toxic in mice and is therefore likely to be safe for pig use.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.253-258
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• 2016

Objectives: The goals of this research were to evaluate acute (single-dose) and sub-acute (repeated-dose) toxicity profiles of methanolic extract of Pistacia integerrima J. L. Stewart ex Brandis (PI) for Wistar rats and to assess the safety profile of PI by observing physiological changes, mortality, changes in body weight, the histopathology of body organs, the hematology and the biochemistry of the animals. Methods: The toxicity profile of PI was evaluated using Wistar rats of both sexes. Animals were divided into four groups: Group 1; control group (normal saline), Group 2; PI-1 (250 mg/kg), Group 3; PI-2 (500 mg/kg), Group 4; PL-3 (1,000 mg/kg). An acute-toxicity study in which animals received a single dose of PI extract (2,000 mg/kg) and were then observed for 14 days for changes in skin, fur, eye color, mucous membrane secretions and excretions, gait, posture, and tonic or clonic movements was performed according to guideline 425 of the Organization of Economic and Corporation Development (OECD). In the repeated-dose toxicity study (OECD - 407) animals received a daily dose of PI extract for 28 days (4 weeks). The parameters observed in this study include body weight, hematology and biochemistry of the animals. Results: In the acute toxicity study, no mortalities or changes in behavior were noted in the animals. The repeated-dose toxicity study was also devoid of any toxicity in the animals during the 28 days of testing with PI extract. The extract did not alter- the body weight, hematology or biochemistry of the animals. The methanolic extract of PI was to be found safe to the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) for the single-dose and repeated-dose toxicity tests in rats. Conclusion: The methanolic extract of PI was devoid of toxicity; hence, it can be used for various ayurvedic preparations and treatments of diseases.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.676-685
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• 2018

Objectives: The aim of this study was to estimate the single oral toxicity of Peucedani Radix (PR) ethanol extracts. PR is one of the important herbs for removal of phlegm, the viscous turbid pathological product that can accumulate in the body and cause a variety of diseases. However, research on the pharmacologic toxicity of PR is lacking. Methods: In this study, PR was orally administered to 5-week-old male ICR mice at an oral dose of 2,000, 3,000, or 5,000 mg/kg. After a single-dose administration, the mortality and behavioral changes were observed daily and body weights were measured every two days. After 14 days, the organ weight, organ index, macroscopy, hematological analysis, and serum biochemistry analysis were determined. Results: No mortality, body weight changes, abnormal behavioral changes, or anatomical signs of toxicity were found. The organ weight, organ index, hematological analysis, and serum biochemistry analysis were also within the normal ranges. Conclusions: These results suggest that the 50% lethal dose of PR is more than 5,000 mg/kg. This could indicate that PR is a safe drug without acute toxicity and side effects.