• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2018

In recent years, with the growing interest in electric vehicles, the development of a Neighborhood Electronic Vehicle (NEV) made for urban driving is accelerating. Existing NEVs are set to ~0.3 - 0.35 with more emphasis on performance rather than minimizing air resistance. In this paper, a NEV with a streamlined car body is proposed. The shape of dolphins and sharks was applied to the car body to minimize the air resistance generated when driving. Also, the performance of the vehicle was estimated by calculating the traction force and the roll couple, etc. To check the drag coefficient of the car body, finite element analysis software (COMSOL Multiphysics) was used. The frame of the vehicle is divided into the forward and the rear parts. Carbon pipe is used for the frame by MIG welding. The car body of the vehicle was fabricated by forming carbon fiber. This study confirmed the general possibility of using NEVs through driving experiments.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.24-30
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• 1998

Strength and displacement of jig body in index machine utilized for multiprocess machining such as drilling, boring and tapping, etc, at the same time were analyzed by the use of finite element analysis soft ware ANSYS 5.2A. The whole geometry was constructed by 4048 elements and 7016 nodes employing 8 node brick element. The analyses were carried out on five loading cases combining vertical and horizontal machining to simulate the case occurring large displacement and the one occurring small displacement one and provided following conclusions. (1) Jig body had sufficient strength because its safety factor was 6.95 even in the most severe loading case. (2) The largest displacement in Z direction was 549 m and that in radial direction was 43.7 m. (3) In order to reduce the displacement, vertical machining rather than horizontal or two or three processes should be adopted in the same station. (4) Alternate change of horizontal machining direction at consecutive stations can reduce the displace ment. (5) The dimension of the slider should be increased to reduce the displacement by the tolerance in the sliding part. (6) A bypass idle piston head needs to be installed to give a counterpart supporting load from opposite direction for a single horizontal machining case.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.569-579
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• 2011

This paper presents a novel approach for human activity recognition (HAR) using the joint angles from a 3D model of a human body. Unlike conventional approaches in which the joint angles are computed from inverse kinematic analysis of the optical marker positions captured with multiple cameras, our approach utilizes the body joint angles estimated directly from time-series activity images acquired with a single stereo camera by co-registering a 3D body model to the stereo information. The estimated joint-angle features are then mapped into codewords to generate discrete symbols for a hidden Markov model (HMM) of each activity. With these symbols, each activity is trained through the HMM, and later, all the trained HMMs are used for activity recognition. The performance of our joint-angle-based HAR has been compared to that of a conventional binary and depth silhouette-based HAR, producing significantly better results in the recognition rate, especially for the activities that are not discernible with the conventional approaches.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2016

The portable hydraulic turbine we previously developed for open channels comprises an axial flow runner with an appended collection device and a diffuser section. The output power of this hydraulic turbine was improved by catching and accelerating an open-channel water flow using the kinetic energy of the water. This study aimed to further improve the performance of the hydraulic turbine. Using numerical analysis, we examined the performances and flow fields of a single runner and a composite body consisting of the runner and collection device by varying the airfoil and number of blades. Consequently, the maximum values of input power coefficient of the Runner D composite body with two blades (which adopts the MEL031 airfoil and alters the blade angle) are equivalent to those of the composite body with two blades (MEL021 airfoil). We found that the Runner D composite body has the highest turbine efficiency and thus the largest power coefficient. Furthermore, the performance of the Runner D composite body calculated from the numerical analysis was verified experimentally in an open-channel water flow test.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.149-160
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• 2019

Body fit should be the first point considered for satisfying the functionality of clothes and thus it is the most essential condition. Based on previous research, this article studied the basic slacks pattern with a high body fit using body measurement of adolescent boys. The purpose of this study is to propose basic data for the production of slacks. Research was performed on the physical measurements of adolescent boys from 13-18 years old obtained from the '6th Korean National Physical Standard Reports' by SIZEKOREA. First, six types of experimental slacks basic patterns were produced applying the average body sizes of adolescent boys. Second, a single slacks basic pattern was selected, which received the best response based on appearance from the clothing evaluators. Then, the slacks basic pattern for adolescent boys was finalized by modifying and amending the selected pattern with two more clothing experiments. The data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and t-test using the SPSS program. The results of this study have been obtained as follows. The modifications and adjustments were done based on Crotch, Thigh Circumference, waist circumference, and hip circumference.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.1967-1974
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• 1991

본 연구에서는 근육수축에 의해 발생되는 각 신체부분의 각가속도의 방향이 다음 두가지 요소의 변화에 따라 어떻게 달라지는가를 중점적으로 살펴보기로 한다` (1) 신체매개변수(body-segmental parameter): 길이, 무게 등, (2) 신체 각 부분의 위치. 이러한 상관관계를 더욱 명확히 이해함으로써, 주어진 운동(given task)을 FES 에 의해 수행하고자 할 때 전기적으로 자극되어야 할 근육을 사전에 선택할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.851-859
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 인간과 컴퓨터의 상호작용을 위해 연속된 입력영상에서 인체의 실루엣과 조인트를 자동추출하고 조인트를 추적함으로 객체를 추적하는 방법을 제안한다. 또한 추출된 조인트를 이용하여 인체를 매핑하여 사람의 동작을 재현한다. 이를 위해 인체의 치수를 이용하여 인체 움직임을 제어하는 14개의 조인트로 인체를 모델링한다. 제안방법은 단일카메라로 RGB 컬러로 입력되는 영상을 색상, 채도, 명암의 영상으로 변환한 후 차 영상기법을 이용하여 인체의 실루엣을 추출한다. 추출된 실루엣의 코너점과 인체 모델링 정보를 이용하여 조인트를 자동 검출한다. 객체의 움직임 추적은 전체 영상 중 조인트를 중심으로 블록매칭 기법을 이용하며 추출된 조인트의 위치정보를 이용하여 인체의 움직임을 매핑한다. 제안방법을 실험동영상에 적용한 결과 인체의 실루엣과 조인트를 자동 검출하며 추출된 조인트로 인체의 매핑이 효율적으로 이루어졌다. 또한 조인트의 추적이 매핑된 인체에 반영되어 인체의 움직임도 적절히 표현되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.435-439
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• 2000

Records of weight, age, body condition at calving and udder characteristics scores of 425 beef cows and birth weights and periodical weights of their offspring from birth to weaning were analyzed to study the effect of body weight, condition and udder characteristic scores of dams on birth weight and Preweaning growth of their offspring. Dam's body condition (fat reserve) at calving were scored on a scale of 1 to 5 (1=extremely thin and 5=extremely fat) and dam's udder characteristics were scored on a scale of 1 to 7 (l=udder well attached with small teats and 7=at least one quarters not functional). Dams were from three distinct breed groups and were mated in single sire mating groups within each breed group for 45 days. Within each breed group and year, the dams were classified into high, medium and low based on their weights at the time of parturition. The data were analysed using covariance analysis. In general, calves born to heavier dams were heavier at birth and had higher rate of Preweaning growth. The effect of dam's body condition score on the calf birth weight was not significant. However, cows with average body condition score of 2.5 or 3.0 gave birth to calves that had higher pre weaning growth rates up to weaning than those born to calves with higher body condition score. The udder characteristics score did not affect calf birth weight as expected; however, cows with udder score of 3 (udder well attached with large teats) produced calves with higher preweaning growth rate than those with smaller teats. Based on the results, it can be concluded that maintaining animals with average body condition and weight would result in more efficient calf production. In addition, cows with well attached udder and large teats would provide a better maternal environment for Preweaning growth rates of their calves.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.19-28
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• 1986

To study the body trunk form which is essential to clothing constructions, necessary body sizes were measured indirect1y from 216 unmarried women from 19 to 24 years old by a photographic network method. The results are obtained as follow; 1) In this study of body type measurements, the four factors of bust, abdomen, column and hip size have been divided into four-stage intervals and given the body type codes 1, 2, 3 and 4, with 1 designating the size difference of the factor with the minimum size difference of the factor with the maximum size difference from waist size. These body type codes can be easily, linguistically interpreted. In this study, among $4^4=256$ possible body types, 54 types appeared frequently. These 54 types are integrated into 6 groups of types by clustering analysis. Representative types of each group are types 3333 and 2333 in group 1, 2233, 1233 and 1332 in group 2, 2222, 1222 and 1223 in group 3, 2223 in group 4, 2323 and 2322 in group 5, and 3323, 3223 and 3322 in group 6. In the types of groups 1, 2, and 3, the change is mainly in bust size, and in the types of group 4. is single type. In the types of group 5 the change is mainly in hip size, and in the types by groups 6 the change is mainly in abdomen size and hip size. 2) The analysis by measuring the four elements of body trunk in reference to waist size is scientific and grading of similar styles is possible in clothing construction. 3) Assuming that the human body is oval, using the calculating method, the size of girth, which cannot be measured by the indirect measuring method, is obtained approximate to actual size, with an error of ${\pm}2.8cm$.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.151-157
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• 2004

Developmental surface ultrastructure of Macroorchis spinulosus was studied by scanning electron microscopy. One-day-old juvenile fluke was leaf-shaped and bent ventrally. Body surface was covered densely with peg-like spines and with cobblestone-like cytoplasmic processes. Ciliated sensory papillae were concentrated around oral sucker. Several unciliated sensory papillae occurred equidistantly on oral sucker and acetabulum. The ciliated papillae appeared in two longitudinal lines symmetric bilaterally on dorsal surface. On adult flukes, tegumantal spines became wider in middle of the body surface. The cytoplasmic processes differentiated into more fine velvety form. It is likely that the differentiated fine cytoplasmic processes are an increased absorptive surface to adult M. spinulosus. It is suggested that single pointed tegumental spines on anterior half of the body may be supportive for this fluke to migration.