• BMB Reports
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.188-193
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• 1997

Membrane lipid peroxidation processes yield products that may react with DNA to cause mutations. Lipid hydroperoxides from linoleic acid in the presence of transition metal ions caused strand breaks in plasmid DNA. DNA damage induced by reactive aldehydes known to be produced by decomposition of lipid hydroperoxides, such as 4-hydroxynonenal or rnalondialdehyde, was repaired by endonucleases and exonuclease III which resulted in the increase of single strand breaks in DNA. Lipid hydroperoxides as well as malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal also caused mutations in the pUC18 lacZ' gene when measured as a loss of ${\alpha}-cornplementation$. In conclusion. the lipid peroxidation could be an important intermediary event in DNA damage and mutation by oxidative stress.

• 대한견주관절학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한견주관절학회 2008년도 제16차 학술대회
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• pp.179-179
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• 2008

For a partial tear of the subscapularis tendon, the presenting technique requires only the anterior portal for preparing the footprint and suture management, as well as the subclavian portal for placing the suture anchor and suture hook without inserting a cannula. It provides both a good angle for anchor placement and sufficient space for managing the upper portion of a subscapularis tendon tear. A spinal needle was inserted through the subclavian portal in order to identify the appropriate angle for placing the suture anchor. A 3-mm incision was made for the subclavian portal and a biosuture anchor was placed on the footprint portion of the subscapularis tendon. In order to avoid crowding, each limb of both strands of the biosuture anchor were passed through the tendon- posteromedial side first, and anterolateral side second, using a switching technique with suture hook embedded with no.1 PDS. A suture tie was applied in a reverse sequence (the lateral strand first and the medial strand second) through the anterior cannula using a sliding technique.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.3085-3090
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• 2015

The telomeric end structures of the DNA are known to contain tandem repeats of TTAGGG sequence bound with specialised protein complex called the "shelterin complex". It comprises six proteins, namely TRF1, TRF2, TIN2, POT1, TPP1 and RAP1. All of these assemble together to form a complex with double strand and single strand DNA repeats at the telomere. Such an association contributes to telomere stability and its protection from undesirable DNA damage control-specific responses. However, any alteration in the structure and function of any of these proteins may lead to undesirable DNA damage responses and thus cellular senescence and death. In our review, we throw light on how mutations in the proteins belonging to the shelterin complex may lead to various malfunctions and ultimately have a role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.190-194
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• 2011

After the first report that electrons with sub-ionization energy of DNA could cause single strand breaks or double strand breaks to DNA, there have been various studies to investigate the mechanisms of DNA damage by low-energy electrons. In this paper, we examined the possibility of using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to analyze the dissociation patterns of the molecular bonds by electron irradiation on DNA thin films and tried to establish the method as a general tool for studying the radiation damage of biomolecules by low energ yelectrons. For the experiment, pBR322 plasmid DNA solution was formed into the films on tantalum plates by lyophilization and was irradiated by 5-eV electrons. Un-irradiated and irradiated DNA films were compared and analyzed using the XPS technique.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.315-320
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• 2016

Porcine beta-defensin-1 (PBD-1) gene plays an important role in the innate immunity of pigs. The peptide encoded by this gene is an antimicrobial peptide that has direct activity against a wide range of microbes. This peptide is involved in the co-creation of an antimicrobial barrier in the oral cavity of pigs. The objective of the present study was to detect polymorphisms, if any, in exon-1 and exon-2 regions of PBD-1 gene in Large White Yorkshire (LWY) and native Ankamali pigs of Kerala, India. Blood samples were collected from 100 pigs and genomic DNA was isolated using phenol chloroform method. The quantity of DNA was assessed in a spectrophotometer and quality by gel electrophoresis. Exon-1 and exon-2 regions of PBD-1 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the products were subjected to single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. Subsequent silver staining of the polyacrylamide gels revealed three unique SSCP banding patterns in each of the two exons. The presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was confirmed by nucleotide sequencing of the PCR products. A novel SNP was found in the 5'-UTR region of exon-1 and a SNP was detected in the mature peptide coding region of exon-2. In exon-1, the pooled population frequencies of GG, GT, and TT genotypes were 0.67, 0.30, and 0.03, respectively. GG genotype was predominant in both the breeds whereas TT genotype was not detected in LWY breed. Similarly, in exon-2, the pooled population frequencies of AA, AG, and GG genotypes were 0.50, 0.27, and 0.23, respectively. AA genotype was predominant in LWY pigs whereas GG genotype was predominant in native pigs. These results suggest that there exists a considerable genetic variation at PBD-1 locus and further association studies may help in development of a PCR based genotyping test to select pigs with better immunity.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.1744-1748
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• 2002

Trifluoroacetate anion as a connector has been studied on $AgCF_3CO_2$ with 3,3'-$Py_2X$(X=O vs S) produces 1 : 1 adducts of [Ag($CF_3CO_2$)(3,3'-$Py_2X<$)]. Crystallographic characterization of [Ag($CF_3CO_2$)(3,3'-$Py_2X$)](monoclinic $P2_1$a=7.383(1)$\AA$b=19.801(3)$\AA$c=9.297(3)$\AA$,$\beta$=$100.26(2)^{\circ}$,V=1337.4(5) $\AA^3$, Z=2, R=0.0386) reveals that the 3,3'-$Py_2O$ spacer connects two silver ions to give a single strand and that the single strands are linked via the trifluoroacetate anions in an "up and down even-bridge" to give an elegant molecular grid. The framework of [$Ag(CF_3CO_2)(3,3'-Py_2X)$](monoclinic $P2_1/c$a=8.331(2)$\AA$b=14.010(2)$\AA$,c=11.926(3 $\AA$$\beta$=$93.70(2)^{\circ}$=1385.1(6)$\AA^3$, Z=4, R=0.0589) is a single-strand. The single strands are connected via the trifluoroacetate anions in a double-bridge, resulting in a typical molecular chicken-wire. The trifluoroacetate anion as a connector appears to be primarily associated with its moderately coordinating ability. Their structural features have been discussed based on the anion exchangeability. Thermal analyses indicate that the compounds are stable up to approximately $200^{\circ}C$.

• BMB Reports
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.509-514
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• 1995

A putative secondary structure of the mRNA for the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) X gene is proposed based on not only chemical and enzymatic determination of its single- and double-stranded regions but also selection by the computer program MFOLD for energy minimum conformation under the constraints that the experimentally determined nucleotides were forced or prohibited to base pair. An RNA of 536 nucleotides including the 461-nucleotide HBV X mRNA sequence was synthesized in vitro by the phage T7 RNA polymerase transcription. The thermally renatured transcripts were subjected to chemical modifications with dimethylsulfate and kethoxal and enzymatic hydrolysis with single strand-specific RNase T1 and double strand-specific RNase V1, separately. The sites of modification and cleavage were detected by reverse transcriptase extension of 4 different primers. Many nucleotides could be assigned with high confidence, twenty in double-stranded and thirty-seven in Single-stranded regions. These nucleotides were forced and prohibited, respectively, to base pair in running the recursive RNA folding program MFOLD. The results suggest that 6 different regions (5 within X mRNA) of 14~23 nucleotides are Single-stranded. This putative structure provides a good working model and suggests potential target sites for antisense and ribozyme inhibitors and hybridization probes for the HBV X mRNA.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.489-498
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• 2021

Objective: Milk production is one of the most desirable traits in livestock. Recently, the toll-like receptor (TLR) has been identified as a candidate gene for milk traits in cows. So far, there is no information concerning the contribution of this gene in milk traits in sheep. This study was designed to investigate the TLR 4 gene polymorphisms in Barki ewes in Egypt and then correlate that with milk traits in order to identify potential single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for these traits in sheep. Methods: A part of the ovine TLR 4 gene was amplified in Barki ewes, to identify the SNPs. Consequently; Barki ewes were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism protocol. These genotypes were correlated with milk traits, which were the daily milk yield (DMY), protein percentage (PP), fat percentage (FP), lactose percentage, and total solid percentage (TSP). Results: Age and parity of the ewe had a significant effect (p<0.05 or p<0.01) on DMY, FP, and TSP. The direct sequencing identified a missense mutation located in the coding sequence of the gene (rs592076818; c.1710C>A) and was predicted to change the amino acid sequence of the resulted protein (p.Asn570Lys). The association analyses suggested a significant effect (p<0.05) of the TLR genotype on the FP and PP, while the DMY tended to be influenced as well (p = 0.07). Interestingly, the presence of the G allele tended to increase the DMY (+40.5 g/d) and significantly (p<0.05 or p<0.01) decreased the FP (-1.11%), PP (-1.21%), and TSP (-7.98%). Conclusion: The results of this study suggested the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) as a candidate gene to improve milk traits in sheep worldwide, which will enhance the ability to understand the genetic architecture of genes underlying SNPs that affect such traits.

• 대한관절경학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.138-142
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• 2009

목적: 반건양건과 박건을 모두 채취함으로써 야기되는 공여부 이환을 줄이기 위하여 반건양건 단일 4가닥 건을 이용한 전방십자인대 재건술을 시행하여 결과를 보고한다. 대상 및 방법: 반건양건 단일 4가닥 건을 사용한 전방십자인대 재건술을 37명의 환자에게 시행하였다. 평균 나이는 28.6세였고, 남자 34명, 여자 3명이었다. 수상으로부터 수술까지의 기간은 5.4개월이었다. 동반 손상은 반월상 연골 손상 10예, 내측부인대 손상 3예, 골연골 손상 1예 있었다. 평균 추시는 16개월(12~18개월)이었고, 임상 평가는 관절 운동범위, Lachman 검사, pivot-shift 검사, Lysholm 점수, KT-2000 슬관절계를 이용하였다. 결과: 37명 모두 평균 150도로 정상측과 같은 슬관절 운동범위를 보였으며, 35예에서 Lachman 검사 및 pivot-shift 검사 상 음성이었다. Lysholm 점수는 84점에서 92점으로 개선되었다. 비협조적인 재활로 인하여 2예에서 슬관절의 이완이 남았으며, KT-2000 슬관절계를 이용하여 건측과 비교 측정한 평균 슬관절 전방 전위는 술 전 6.7 mm에서 최종 추시 시 2.1 mm로 개선되었다. 결론: 반건양건 단일 4가닥 건을 이용한 전방십자인대 재건술은 만족할 만한 임상적 결과를 보여 주었다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

유전자 재조합체는 상동염색체간의 예정된 DNA 가닥 전이와 교환이 이루어지는 상동염색체 재조합 과정에 의하여 생성된다. 이 재조합 경로는 DNA 이중 가닥 절단(double-strand breaks, DSBs)에 의해서 개시되며, 전이 과정의 중간단계에서 DNA의 구조적 변이 중간체인 단일 가닥 침투(single-end invasions, SEIs)와 이중 홀리데이 접합(double-Holliday junctions, dHJs)이 형성되어 교차성(crossover, CO) 혹은 비교차성(non-crossover, NCO) 결과물이 만들어진다. 본 연구는 이중 가닥 절단, 단일 가닥 침투, 이중 홀리데이 접합과 같은 재조합 중간체와 재조합 결과물의 구조분석에 초점을 두고, 이를 출아효모에서 인위적으로 이중 가닥 절단을 발생시킬 수 있는 HIS4LEU2 "hot spot" 을 이용한 물리적 분석방법으로 감수분열 재조합 중간체를 규명하였다. 물리적 분석을 위하여 동조화 된 세포에 감수분열을 유도한 후 hot spot 자리를 인식하는 제한효소를 처리하면, 재조합 중간체를 형성하고 있는 DNA 단편들을 Southern 분석법을 통해 탐지 및 정량 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 이 시스템으로 감수분열에서 이중가닥 절단으로부터 기인하는 단일 가닥 침투, 이중 홀리데이 접합 그리고 교차성/비교차성 재조합체로 전이되는 DNA의 구조 다형을 분석할 수 있음을 제시한다.