• BMB Reports
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.188-193
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• 1997

Membrane lipid peroxidation processes yield products that may react with DNA to cause mutations. Lipid hydroperoxides from linoleic acid in the presence of transition metal ions caused strand breaks in plasmid DNA. DNA damage induced by reactive aldehydes known to be produced by decomposition of lipid hydroperoxides, such as 4-hydroxynonenal or rnalondialdehyde, was repaired by endonucleases and exonuclease III which resulted in the increase of single strand breaks in DNA. Lipid hydroperoxides as well as malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal also caused mutations in the pUC18 lacZ' gene when measured as a loss of ${\alpha}-cornplementation$. In conclusion. the lipid peroxidation could be an important intermediary event in DNA damage and mutation by oxidative stress.

• The Academic Congress of Korean Shoulder and Elbow Society
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.179-179
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• 2008

For a partial tear of the subscapularis tendon, the presenting technique requires only the anterior portal for preparing the footprint and suture management, as well as the subclavian portal for placing the suture anchor and suture hook without inserting a cannula. It provides both a good angle for anchor placement and sufficient space for managing the upper portion of a subscapularis tendon tear. A spinal needle was inserted through the subclavian portal in order to identify the appropriate angle for placing the suture anchor. A 3-mm incision was made for the subclavian portal and a biosuture anchor was placed on the footprint portion of the subscapularis tendon. In order to avoid crowding, each limb of both strands of the biosuture anchor were passed through the tendon- posteromedial side first, and anterolateral side second, using a switching technique with suture hook embedded with no.1 PDS. A suture tie was applied in a reverse sequence (the lateral strand first and the medial strand second) through the anterior cannula using a sliding technique.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.3085-3090
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• 2015

The telomeric end structures of the DNA are known to contain tandem repeats of TTAGGG sequence bound with specialised protein complex called the "shelterin complex". It comprises six proteins, namely TRF1, TRF2, TIN2, POT1, TPP1 and RAP1. All of these assemble together to form a complex with double strand and single strand DNA repeats at the telomere. Such an association contributes to telomere stability and its protection from undesirable DNA damage control-specific responses. However, any alteration in the structure and function of any of these proteins may lead to undesirable DNA damage responses and thus cellular senescence and death. In our review, we throw light on how mutations in the proteins belonging to the shelterin complex may lead to various malfunctions and ultimately have a role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.190-194
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• 2011

After the first report that electrons with sub-ionization energy of DNA could cause single strand breaks or double strand breaks to DNA, there have been various studies to investigate the mechanisms of DNA damage by low-energy electrons. In this paper, we examined the possibility of using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to analyze the dissociation patterns of the molecular bonds by electron irradiation on DNA thin films and tried to establish the method as a general tool for studying the radiation damage of biomolecules by low energ yelectrons. For the experiment, pBR322 plasmid DNA solution was formed into the films on tantalum plates by lyophilization and was irradiated by 5-eV electrons. Un-irradiated and irradiated DNA films were compared and analyzed using the XPS technique.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.315-320
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• 2016

Porcine beta-defensin-1 (PBD-1) gene plays an important role in the innate immunity of pigs. The peptide encoded by this gene is an antimicrobial peptide that has direct activity against a wide range of microbes. This peptide is involved in the co-creation of an antimicrobial barrier in the oral cavity of pigs. The objective of the present study was to detect polymorphisms, if any, in exon-1 and exon-2 regions of PBD-1 gene in Large White Yorkshire (LWY) and native Ankamali pigs of Kerala, India. Blood samples were collected from 100 pigs and genomic DNA was isolated using phenol chloroform method. The quantity of DNA was assessed in a spectrophotometer and quality by gel electrophoresis. Exon-1 and exon-2 regions of PBD-1 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the products were subjected to single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. Subsequent silver staining of the polyacrylamide gels revealed three unique SSCP banding patterns in each of the two exons. The presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was confirmed by nucleotide sequencing of the PCR products. A novel SNP was found in the 5'-UTR region of exon-1 and a SNP was detected in the mature peptide coding region of exon-2. In exon-1, the pooled population frequencies of GG, GT, and TT genotypes were 0.67, 0.30, and 0.03, respectively. GG genotype was predominant in both the breeds whereas TT genotype was not detected in LWY breed. Similarly, in exon-2, the pooled population frequencies of AA, AG, and GG genotypes were 0.50, 0.27, and 0.23, respectively. AA genotype was predominant in LWY pigs whereas GG genotype was predominant in native pigs. These results suggest that there exists a considerable genetic variation at PBD-1 locus and further association studies may help in development of a PCR based genotyping test to select pigs with better immunity.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.1744-1748
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• 2002

Trifluoroacetate anion as a connector has been studied on $AgCF_3CO_2$ with 3,3'-$Py_2X$(X=O vs S) produces 1 : 1 adducts of [Ag($CF_3CO_2$)(3,3'-$Py_2X<$)]. Crystallographic characterization of [Ag($CF_3CO_2$)(3,3'-$Py_2X$)](monoclinic $P2_1$a=7.383(1)$\AA$b=19.801(3)$\AA$c=9.297(3)$\AA$,$\beta$=$100.26(2)^{\circ}$,V=1337.4(5) $\AA^3$, Z=2, R=0.0386) reveals that the 3,3'-$Py_2O$ spacer connects two silver ions to give a single strand and that the single strands are linked via the trifluoroacetate anions in an "up and down even-bridge" to give an elegant molecular grid. The framework of [$Ag(CF_3CO_2)(3,3'-Py_2X)$](monoclinic $P2_1/c$a=8.331(2)$\AA$b=14.010(2)$\AA$,c=11.926(3 $\AA$$\beta$=$93.70(2)^{\circ}$=1385.1(6)$\AA^3$, Z=4, R=0.0589) is a single-strand. The single strands are connected via the trifluoroacetate anions in a double-bridge, resulting in a typical molecular chicken-wire. The trifluoroacetate anion as a connector appears to be primarily associated with its moderately coordinating ability. Their structural features have been discussed based on the anion exchangeability. Thermal analyses indicate that the compounds are stable up to approximately $200^{\circ}C$.

• BMB Reports
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.509-514
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• 1995

A putative secondary structure of the mRNA for the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) X gene is proposed based on not only chemical and enzymatic determination of its single- and double-stranded regions but also selection by the computer program MFOLD for energy minimum conformation under the constraints that the experimentally determined nucleotides were forced or prohibited to base pair. An RNA of 536 nucleotides including the 461-nucleotide HBV X mRNA sequence was synthesized in vitro by the phage T7 RNA polymerase transcription. The thermally renatured transcripts were subjected to chemical modifications with dimethylsulfate and kethoxal and enzymatic hydrolysis with single strand-specific RNase T1 and double strand-specific RNase V1, separately. The sites of modification and cleavage were detected by reverse transcriptase extension of 4 different primers. Many nucleotides could be assigned with high confidence, twenty in double-stranded and thirty-seven in Single-stranded regions. These nucleotides were forced and prohibited, respectively, to base pair in running the recursive RNA folding program MFOLD. The results suggest that 6 different regions (5 within X mRNA) of 14~23 nucleotides are Single-stranded. This putative structure provides a good working model and suggests potential target sites for antisense and ribozyme inhibitors and hybridization probes for the HBV X mRNA.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.489-498
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• 2021

Objective: Milk production is one of the most desirable traits in livestock. Recently, the toll-like receptor (TLR) has been identified as a candidate gene for milk traits in cows. So far, there is no information concerning the contribution of this gene in milk traits in sheep. This study was designed to investigate the TLR 4 gene polymorphisms in Barki ewes in Egypt and then correlate that with milk traits in order to identify potential single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for these traits in sheep. Methods: A part of the ovine TLR 4 gene was amplified in Barki ewes, to identify the SNPs. Consequently; Barki ewes were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism protocol. These genotypes were correlated with milk traits, which were the daily milk yield (DMY), protein percentage (PP), fat percentage (FP), lactose percentage, and total solid percentage (TSP). Results: Age and parity of the ewe had a significant effect (p<0.05 or p<0.01) on DMY, FP, and TSP. The direct sequencing identified a missense mutation located in the coding sequence of the gene (rs592076818; c.1710C>A) and was predicted to change the amino acid sequence of the resulted protein (p.Asn570Lys). The association analyses suggested a significant effect (p<0.05) of the TLR genotype on the FP and PP, while the DMY tended to be influenced as well (p = 0.07). Interestingly, the presence of the G allele tended to increase the DMY (+40.5 g/d) and significantly (p<0.05 or p<0.01) decreased the FP (-1.11%), PP (-1.21%), and TSP (-7.98%). Conclusion: The results of this study suggested the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) as a candidate gene to improve milk traits in sheep worldwide, which will enhance the ability to understand the genetic architecture of genes underlying SNPs that affect such traits.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.138-142
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the result of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using a fourstrand single semitendinous tendon to decrease the donor site morbidity due to harvest both semitendinosus and gracilis tendon. Materials and Methods: Thirty seven consecutive patients who had underwent ACL reconstruction using four-strand single semitendinosus tendon were evaluated. Mean age was 28.6 years old. Male was 34, female 3 patients. Time from injury to surgery was 5.4 months. Combined injuries were 10 meniscus injuries, 3 medial collateral ligament injuries and 1 osteochondral injury. Mean follow-up period was 16 months(12~18 months). Clinical evaluation was done using range of motion, Lachman test, pivot-shift test, Lysholm score & KT-2000 arthrometer. Results: All patients showed the normal range of motion of mean 150..at follow-up. Lachman test and pivot-shift test was negative in 35 cases. Lysholm score was improve from 84 to 92. Two cases had residual laxity due to poor compliance. Mean anterior translation compared to contralateral side by KT-2000 arthrometer improved from 6.7 mm preoperatively to 2.1 mm at follow-up. Conclusion: Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament with use of a four-strand single semitendinosus tendon autograft showed good clinical results.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

During meiosis, genetic recombinants are formed by homologous recombination accompanying with the programmed double-strand breaks (DSBs) and strand exchanges between homologous chromosomes. The mechanism is generated by recombination intermediates such as single-end invasions (SEIs) and double-Holliday junctions (dHJs), and followed by crossover (CO) or non-crossover (NCO) products. Our study was focused on the analysis of meiotic recombination intermediates (DSBs, SEIs, and dHJs) and final recombination products (CO and NCO). We identified these meiotic recombination intermediates using DNA physical analysis under HIS4LEU2 "hot spot" system in budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. For DNA physical analysis, when the hot spot locus is recognized by restriction enzyme from synchronous meiotic cells, the fragmented DNA that are forming recombination intermediates can be detected and quantified through Southern hybridization analysis. Our study suggests that this system can analyze the structural change of recombination intermediates during DSB-SEI transition, double-Holiday junctions and crossover/non-crossover products in meiosis.