• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.175-181
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• 1998

Objectives: The authors tried to analyze the results of carotid artery sacrifice with or without preoperative carotid evaluation. Materials and Methods: Thirteen patients undergone carotid sacrifice were evaluated. Carotid balloon occlusion test (BOT) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with technetium-99m-labeled hexamethylpropyleneamineoxime ($^{99m}Tc-HMPAO$) were used for preoperative carotid evaluation. Results: The causes of carotid artery sacrifice consisted of the neck mass involving the carotid artery, spontaneous aneurysmal rupture, and traumatic pseudoaneurysm. Five patient had postoperative neurologic complications and two of them had permanent neurologic deficits. Conclusion: The authors stress that the preoperative evaluation in carotid artery sacrifice is imperable, and the BOT with SPECT can be used in selecting the method of treatment. But since these tests cannot predict the postoperative outcome perfectly, careful perioperative care of the patients should be exercised regardless of the results of the preoperative evaluation.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.328-332
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• 2016

Background: Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is a new radiation therapy. In BNCT, there exists some very critical problems that should be solved. One of the severest problems is that the treatment effect cannot be known during BNCT in real time. We are now developing a SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) system (BNCT-SPECT), with a cadmium telluride (CdTe) semiconductor detector. BNCT-SPECT can obtain the BNCT treatment effect by measuring 478 keV gamma-rays emitted from the excited state of $^7Li$ nucleus created by $^{10}B(n,{\alpha})$ $^7Li$ reaction. In the previous studies, we investigated the feasibility of the BNCT-SPECT system. As a result, the S/N ratio did not meet the criterion of S/N > 1 because deterioration of the S/N ratio occurred caused by the influence of Compton scattering especially due to capture gamma-rays of hydrogen. Materials and Methods: We thus produced an arrayed detector with two CdTe crystals to test cross talk phenomenon and to examine an anti-coincidence detection possibility. For more precise analysis for the anti-coincidence detection, we designed and made a collimator having a similar performance to the real BNCT-SPECT. Results and Discussion: We carried out experiments with the collimator to examine the effect of cross talk of scattering gamma-rays between CdTe elements more practically. As a result of measurement the coincidence events were successfully extracted. Conclusion: We are now planning to carry out evaluation of coincidence rate from the measurement and comparison of it with the numerical calculations.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.235-240
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• 2012

$^{99m}Tc$ tricarbonyl glycine monomers, trimers, and pentamers were synthesized and evaluated for their radiolabeling and in vivo distribution characteristics. We synthesized a $^{99m}Tc$-tricarbonyl precursor with a low oxidation state (I). $^{99m}Tc(CO)_3(H_2O)_3^+$ was then made to react with monomeric and oligomeric glycine for the development of bifunctional chelating sequences for biomolecules. Labeling yields of $^{99m}Tc$-tricarbonyl glycine monomers and oligomers were checked by high-performance liquid chromatography. The labeling yields of $^{99m}Tc$-tricarbonyl glycine and glycine oligomers were more than 95%. We evaluated the characteristics of $^{99m}Tc$-tricarbonyl glycine oligomers by carrying out a lipophilicity test and an imaging study. The octanol-water partition coefficient of $^{99m}Tc$ tricarbonyl glycine oligomers indicated hydrophilic properties. Single-photon emission computed tomography imaging of $^{99m}Tc$-tricarbonyl glycine oligomers showed rapid renal excretion through the kidneys with a low uptake in the liver, especially of $^{99m}Tc$ tricarbonyl triglycine. Furthermore, we verified that the addition of triglycine to prototype biomolecules (AGRGDS and RRPYIL) results in the improvement of radiolabeling yield. From these results, we conclude that triglycine has good characteristics for use as a bifunctional chelating sequence for a $^{99m}Tc$-tricarbonyl-based biomolecular imaging probe.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.413-418
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• 2005

Objective : Although an encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis procedure using the superficial temporal artery [STA-EDAS] is an effective indirect bypass method in children with moyamoya disease[MMD], there is still a need for an additional bypass operation that can cover the area of the posterior circulation. The goal of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of the EDAS procedure using the occipital arteries [OA-EDAS]. Methods : From August 2003 to April 2004, We performed OA-EDAS in sixteen patients with MMD who have a circulatory insufficiency in the territory of the posterior cerebral artery[PCA]. The medical records were reviewed retrospectively. The surgical outcomes, including the changes in neurological status and imaging studies, with the degree of neovascularization on the cerebral angiogram, and the hemodynamic changes on single-photon emission computed tomography[SPECT], were analyzed. Results : These 16 children consisted of 5 boys and 11 girls aged 2 to 9 years. The clinical outcome of their PCA symptoms, such as visual transient ischemic attacks[TIAs] or visual field defect, was favorable in 14 patients of 16. Nine patients of 11 who underwent follow up magnetic resonance imaging[MRI] showed favorable MRI changes. On angiogram most of the patients exhibited good or fair revascularization of the PCA territory [7 of 8]. The hemodynamic changes on SPECT in the PCA territory after surgery showed improved vascular reserve in 13 of the 16 territories. Conclusion : OA-EDAS is a safe and efficacious revascularization procedure in patients with MMD who have compromised cerebral perfusion in PCA territory, or with visual TIAs.

• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.325-330
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• 2011

To predict the details of flow in industrial process unit, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is a promising technique. Recently, industrial SPECT based on medical system has developed by researchers of the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) and Hanyang University. In the present study, to confirm the effect of the number of detectors on image quality, and determine the optimal number of detectors in industrial SPECT, industrial SPECT system with various geometries were evaluated by the Monte Carlo simulation. CsI(Tl) detectors ($12mm{\times}12mm{\times}20mm$) with collimators (the geometric resolution of collimator $R_g$ was 4 cm at the center of the 30 cm diameter cylindrical vessel object) were modeled in a hexagonal array, and the point sources of $^{99m}Tc$, $^{68}Ga$, and $^{137}Cs$ were simulated at the center of the cylindrical vessel object using the MCNPX code. Then, the reconstruction images of each geometry were reconstructed using the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm. In this study, the reciprocity theorem was used to improve computation time required for system matrix of the EM algorithm. The result shows that the resolution of the reconstructed image was significantly improved by increasing the number of detectors in industrial SPECT system and more than 60 detectors will be required for the resolution of the reconstructed image.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.229-232
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• 2012

This study examined the correlation between MR cine and myocardium Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) by comparing the measured cardiac ejection fractions. The usefulness of cardiac MRI was also evaluated. Ten patients (8 men, 2 women and average age of 58.6 years), who underwent a myocardium SPECT scan and cardiac cine MRI scan among patients who visited the hospital for the chief complaint of cardiac disorder from June 1, 2010 to February 10, 2011, were enrolled in this study. The cardiac ejection fraction was calculated from the images obtained in both scans. The data was used to examine the correlation. The regression equation the cardiac ejection fraction values of the 10 patients obtained in myocardium SPECT and MRI cine was Y = 1.12X-8.91 ($R^2$ = 0.78, significance of F = 0.001639, and confidence level of 95%). The results were significant when the cardiac ejection fraction obtained from MRI cine was compared with that obtained from myocardium SPECT. Overall, a cardiac examination using MRI enables an investigation of not only the ejection fraction but also the ED and ES volumes, stroke volume, wall thickness, and wall thickening in a higher spatial resolution despite the examination being conducted once. This examination is believed to be very useful for diagnosing patients with cardiac disease.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.227-239
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• 2007

1994년부터 2006년까지 부산대학교병원 구강내과에 내원하여 측두하악골관절염으로 진단받고 보존적 치료를 받은 환자 101명과 저작근장애로 진단받고 보존적 치료를 받은 환자 74명의 진료기록부를 통해 초진 시와 치료 종결 시의 증상, 시행된 치료방법, 치료기간, 치료횟수에 따른 치료 결과를 조사하였다. 그리고, 측두하악골관절염 환자의 초진 시 방사선 사진, 전산화 단층사진 및 단광자 방출 전산화 단층사진의 양성도, 관절잡음의 치료 전후 변화를 평가하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 골관절염군은 보존적 치료에 의해서 치료 결과가 좋았으나, 치료 종결 시 근육장애군에 비해서 증상의 개선이 미흡하였다. 2. 골관절염군의 파노라마 방사선 사진과 경두개 촬영사진의 양성도는 60%정도였으나, 전산화 단층사진과 단광자 방출 전산화 단층사진의 양성도는 90%이상이었다. 3. 치료 종결 시의 골관절염군의 관절잡음은 초진 시에 비해 유의하게 감소하였다. 4. 골관절염군은 대부분 물리치료, 투약, 교합안정장치로, 근육장애군은 대부분 물리치료, 투약으로 증상이 현저히 개선되었다. 5. 골관절염군은 6개월에서 2년의, 근육장애군은 6개월 미만의 치료가 필요하였다. 6. 골관절염군은 10회 이상으로, 근육장애군은 10회 미만의 치료로도 예후가 좋았다.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.30-35
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• 2011

현재 분해능 향상을 위한 프로그램인 Wide beam reconstruction (WBR: UltraSPECT, Israel) 을 사용하고 있다. WBR에 속해있는 Xact-Bone은 Planar영상과 Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) 영상의 분해능과 대조도를 향상시켜 상당한 영상의 질 향상에 도움을 준다고 보고 되어있다. 본 연구는 Xact-Bone의 임상적용에 대한 유용성을 알아보고자 한다. Xact-Bone에서의 유용성 평가는 분해능 평가와 Contrast Ratio를 비교분석하였다. Planar영상에서의 분해능 평가는 capillary tube를 이용하여 Full width at half maximum (FWHM)을 구하였고, Contrast Ratio분석은 2010년 1월부터 2010년 10월까지 bone scan 검사를 위해 본원에 내원한 50명의 환자 Xact-Bone의 사용 전 후 영상에서 Bone and Soft tissue (B/S) ratio 값을 비교 평가하였다. SPECT영상에서의 분해능 평가는 Triple Line Source Phantom을 이용하여 FWHM을 구하였고, Contrast Ratio 비교 분석은 NEMA IEC Body Phantom과 Standard Jaszczak Phantom을 이용하여 획득한 영상을 각각 Filtered backprojection (FBP), Orderd subset expectation maximization (OSEM), Xact-Bone으로 재구성하여 비교하였다. Planar영상에서의 유용성 평가는 capillary tube를 이용한 실험결과, FWHM은 기존의 Planar영상보다 WBR의 Xact-Bone 프로그램을 이용한 재구성 영상에서 약 20% 향상되었으며, B/S ratio값도 약 15% 향상되었다. SPECT영상의 유용성 평가는 Triple line Source Phantom을 이용한 실험결과, FWHM은 Xact-Bone이 FBP, OSEM 기법보다 각각 20%, 10% 향상되었다. 또한 NEMA IEC body Phantom을 이용한 Contrast Ratio 비교분석결과 각각 20%, 10% 향상되었고, Standard Jaszczak Phantom을 이용한 Contrast Ratio 비교분석 결과는 각각 90%, 50% 향상되었다. WBR의 Xact-bone 프로그램을 이용한 Planar 영상에서는 사용하지 않은 경우와 비교하였을 경우 상당한 영상의 분해능과 Contrast Ratio가 향상됨을 알 수 있었고, SPECT영상에서 기존의 FBP, OSEM 영상재구성 방법보다 분해능, Contrast Ratio가 향상됨을 알 수 있었다. 이에 WBR의 Xact-Bone을 이용함으로써 영상의 질적 향상이 기대되는 바이다. 하지만, 새로운 소프트웨어 도입시 병원의 특성에 맞는 protocol 과 임상적용이 필요하다고 사료된다.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.120-125
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• 2012

이 연구의 목적은 Brain SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography)의 Non-attenuation correction (AC-non) 영상에 대한 attenuation correction(AC) 방법 중 Chang's method와 CT based attenuation correction(AC-CT) 사이의 count를 비교하기 위함이다. phantom study는 증류수로 채워진 hoffman 3D phantom에 $^{99m}Tc$ 37Mbq을 투여하였고, patient study는 normal volunteer에 $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO 750Mbq를 정맥주입하고 Siemens사의 Symbia T6로 Brain SPECT 영상을 획득하였고 뇌 정량 분석을 하였다. 각각의 방법들을 적용한 transverse image는 같은 위치에서 재구성 되었으며 각각 10, 20, 30번째 slice에서 6개의 region of interest(ROI)를 그려 AC-non 과 AC-CT 그리고 Chang's method의 count를 비교하였다. phantom study에서 AC-non, AC-CT, Chang's method의 각각 평균 count는 $4606.8{\pm}511.3$, $16794.6{\pm}2429.4$, $8752.6{\pm}896.5$이었으며 patient study에서 $5460.8{\pm}519.6$, $15320{\pm}1171.6$, $12795{\pm}1422.1$이었다. phantom study에서 AC-CT와 AC-non 사이의 비는 3.70이고 Chang's method와 AC-non 사이의 비는 1.92였으며 patient study에서는 각각 2.85, 2.38이었다. 우리는 이 연구를 통하여 AC-CT가 Chang's method보다 더 높은 AC을 해준다는 걸 알 수 있었다. 그리고 Chang's method는 patient study에서의 AC 값이 phantom study에서의 AC값보다 더 높다는 것을 알 수 있었다. brain SPECT/CT를 시행하는 경우 scatter correction을 같이 시행하고 bone에 의한 감쇠 정보를 반영할 수 있는 AC-CT가 chang's method보다 정확하다 할 수 있겠다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.130-137
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• 2010

Objectives: So far it has been reported that acupuncture increases cerebral blood supply and stimulates the functional activity of brain nerve cells. Previous studies have demonstrated that frequently used electro-acupuncture (EA) therapies for stroke increased regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in normal volunteers. Though ST 36-ST 41 EA is another prevailing therapy for stroke, there had been no report about its effect on rCBF. This study was to evaluate the effect of ST 36-ST 41 EA on rCBF in normal volunteers using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and statistical parametric mapping (SPM). Methods: In the resting state, $^{99m}Tc$-ECD brain SPECT scans were performed on 10 normal volunteers (5 males, 5 female, mean age $23.6{\pm}0.5$ years). On the other study day, 7 days after the resting examination, 15 minutesEA were applied at ST 36 and ST 41 on the right side of the subjects. Immediately after ST36-ST41 EA, the second SPECT images were obtained in the same manner as the resting state. Significant increases and decreases of rCBF after EA were estimated by comparing their SPECT images with those of the resting state using paired t statistics at every voxel, which were analyzed by SPM with a threshold of p = 0.01, uncorrected (extent threshold: k=100 voxels). Results: EA applied at the right ST36-ST41 significantly increased rCBF in the right inferior parietal lobule (Brodmann area [BA] 40), right retrosubicular area (BA 48), left inferior parietal lobule (BA 40), left middle temporal gyrus (BA 21), left fusiform gyrus (BA 37), left inferior parietal lobule (BA 39), left inferior temporal gyrus (BA 20), and left somatosensory association cortex (BA 7). However, right ST36-ST41 EA significantly decreased rCBF in the right parahippocampal gyrus (BA 35), right cerebellum, left frontopolar area (BA 10), left orbitofrontal area (BA 11), left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (BA 9), and left dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (BA 32). Conclusions: These results demonstrate that rightST36-ST41 EA increased rCBF prominently in both inferior parietal lobule (BA 40) and right retrosubicular area (BA 48), which suggest that there be correlation between specific EA and corresponding rCBF.