• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.8-17
• /
• 2004

Chlorella 추출물을 첨가한 yoghurt를 개발하기 위한 기초 연구로 chlorella 추출물의 첨가가 yoghurt starter의 산 생성 및 증식에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. Str. themophilus, Lac. acidophilus, Lac. casei, Lac. bulgaricus를 단독 균주 및 혼합 균주로 접종하여 배양하면서 생균 수와 pH 및 적정산도를 측정하였다. 단독 균주의 경우 chlorella 추출물 분말의 첨가 농도(0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%)를 달리 하였을 때 Str. thermophilus, Lac. casei와 Lac. bulgaricus는 chlorella 추출물 분말 0.5% 첨가 시 9시간 배양에서, 그리고 Lac. acidophilus는 1.0% 첨가 시 15시간 배양에서 최대 균수를 나타내었으며, 이들 중 Lac. casei가 0.5% 첨가 시 배양 9시간에 3.63${\times}$$10^{9}$ CFU/mL로 가장 높은 생균 수를 보였다. 또한 이들 유산균의 산 생성도 chlorella 추출물 분말을 0.5% 첨가하였을 때 가장 많이 증가하였다. 혼합균주의 경우 chlorella 추출물 분말을 0.25%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%로 첨가하였을 때 저농도(0.25∼0.5%)의 chlorella 추출물 분말 첨가에 의해 모든 유산균 혼합 균주의 증식이 촉진되었고, pH가 크게 하락하였으며 적정산도가 크게 상승하였다. Str. thermophilus와 Lac. casei를 혼합 배양하였을 때 chlorella 추출물 분말 0.25% 첨가 시 12시간 배양 후 1.13${\times}$$10^{8}$ CFU/mL로 생균수 가 가장 높아 4.12 의 log cycle 증가를 나타내었다. 따라서 chlorella 추출물 첨가 yoghurt 제조 시 chlorella 추출물 분말을 0.25% 첨가하여 혼합 starter로 Str. thermophilus와 Lac. casei 혼합균주를 사용하는 것이 이들 유산균의 생육이 촉진되어 가장 적합한 것으로 나타났다.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.263-278
• /
• 2013

The silkworm extract powder contain 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), a potent ${\alpha}$-glycosidase inhibitor, has therapeutic potency against diabetes mellitus. Therefore, natural products containing DNJ from mulberry leaves and silkworm are consumed as health functional food. The present study was performed to evaluate the safety of the silkworm extract powder, a health food which containing the DNJ. The repeated toxicity studies and gentic toxicity studies of the silkworm extract powder were performed to obtain the data for new functional food approval in MFDS. The safety was evaluated by a single-dose oral toxicity study and a 90 day repeated-dose oral toxicity study in Sprague-Dawley rats. The silkworm extract powder was also evaluated for its mutagenic potential in a battery of genetic toxicity test: in vitro bacterial reverse mutation assay, in vitro chromosomal aberration test, and in vivo mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay. The results of the genetic toxicology assays were negative in all of the assays. The approximate lethal dose in single oral dose toxicity study was considered to be higher than 5000 mg/kg in rats. In the 90 day study, the dose levels were wet at 0, 500, 1000, 2000 mg/kg/day, and 10 animals/sex/dose were treated with oral gavage. The parameters that were monitored were clinical signs, body weights, food and water consumptions, ophthalmic examination, urinalysis, hematology, serum biochemistry, necropsy findings, organ weights, and histopathological examination. No adverse effects were observed after the 90 day administration of the silkworm extract powder. The No-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Level (NOAEL) of silkworm extract powder in the 90 day study was 2000 mg/kg/day in both sexes, and no target organ was identified.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.35-42
• /
• 2014

Objectives : Since single extract powders was released at 1987, the insurance fee has not been changed, but the price of raw material has been increasing. According to this, Pharmaceutical company couldn't invest on quality of the product, so, the quality of single extracts went down and lost the consumer's trust. We checked the contents of marker ingredients in single extract thereby to recover the reliability of insurance-covered herbal preparations. Methods : we bought total twelve products of eight different single extracts of two main pharmaceutical companies among total 65 kinds of single extract powder stipulated in KHP (The Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia) monograph III at Jan. 2013. Assays of selected single extract powders are performed by KHP regulation. And we surveyed price fluctuation of relevant herb raw materials from 2005 to 2012. Results : Among twelve products, eight single extract powders were suitable by the KHP regulation. But four products didn't reach the content amount of KHP. Marker contents in the single extracts product of Pueraria Root, Licorice, Peony root and Scutellaria Root of A company were 70%, 1%, 23.7% and 75.1%, respectively. Conclusions : We can acertain whether there's a quality problem in the insurance-covered single extract powders. But, A company is no longer producing these improper single extract powders. As a medicine, single extract powders needs to be strictly quality controlled by the company, and regularly monitored by the KFDA.

• 생약학회지
• /
• 제50권3호
• /
• pp.205-218
• /
• 2019

This study was conducted to investigate the toxicity symptoms and approximate lethal dose (ALD) of Oplopanax elatus (Nakai) Nakai hydrothermal extract powder by single oral dose toxicity and 4 weeks of repeated oral dose determination. The Sprague-Dawley (SD) male and female rats were treated with 1,250 (low- dosage group), 2,500 (medium- dosage group) and 5,000 (high- dosage group) mg/kg. In the single oral dose toxicity test, no dead animals and toxic symptoms were observed during the experiment. And there were no related with anomalies in normal weight changes and autopsy results. In the four-week repeated oral dose determination test, no death animals and toxicity symptoms were observed during the experiment, and there were no abnormal results in weight changes, feed and negative intake measurements. Results of eye examination, urinalysis, hematological values and serum biochemical values, gross findings and absolute organ were not of singularity. These result demonstrated that no toxic symptoms were observed by the test substance Oplopanax elatus (Nakai) Nakai hydrothermal extract powder under this test condition, and the non-toxic content is determined to be 5,000 mg/kg/day.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.63-73
• /
• 2019

Objectives The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety of Ojeok-san extract powder and soft extract in healthy male volunteers. Methods Randomized controlled, cross over study was carried out in healthy male volunteers. Total 27 of 31 subjects meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled and three subjects for waiting were included. To each group 12 subjects were randomly allocated by random number table. Group A took the extract powder in the first period and then took the soft extract in the second period. Group B took the medicine in the opposite order. Trial was conducted through two times of hospitalizations and all subjects had a seven-days of wash out period. Vital sign and laboratory test were checked before and after the medication. The mean difference of safety evaluation variables were analyzed by paired t-test (p<0.001) or wilcoxon signed rank test (p<0.05). The mean difference between two groups were analyzed by independent t-test (p<0.05) or Mann whitney test (p<0.05). Results As a result of all data related to vital sign and laboratory test in both group, There were no significant differences associated with the clinical trial drug between before and after the medication. And there was no adverse event associated with the clinical trial drug. Conclusions Both Ojeok-san extract powder and soft extract were found to be safe for healthy male volunteers.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제43권4호
• /
• pp.518-523
• /
• 2011

본 연구를 통해서 부추와 마늘의 생즙과 가루의 항균활성은 농도의존적으로 증가되어짐을 확인할 수 있었고, 그람음성균인 Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis 보다 그람양성균인 Staphylococcus aureus 에 대한 항균력이 높음을 알 수 있었다. 부추는 생즙에 비해 가루의 항균활성이 떨어졌고, 마늘은 생즙과 가루의 활성이 유사하게 분석됨으로써, 냉동건조 후에도 항균활성이 유지됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 부추와 마늘간의 항균활성을 비교해보면, 생즙과 가루 형태에서 모두 부추보다 마늘의 항균활성이 높게 나타났다. 부추와 마늘 모두 항균활성 온도가 높을수록, 가열 시간이 길어질수록 저하되었고, 마늘가루가 부추가루보다 약한 열 안정성을 보였다. 또한 부추와 마늘 모두 pH에 따른 항균성의 변화는 일정하게 유지되어 pH 변화에 대해서는 비교적 안정한 것으로 나타났다. 부추와 마늘생즙, 부추와 마늘가루의 혼합 비율에 따른 항균성의 변화는 마늘비율의 증가에 따른 효과가 나타날 뿐, 시료간 혼합에 따른 상승효과는 나타나지 않았다. 또한 부추와 마늘가루는 복합균주에서 각각의 균주에 대해여 항균활성을 나타내었으며, 이는 단일균주에 나타난 항균활성과 유사한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.178-188
• /
• 1993

This research was attempted to investigate changes in physicochemical properties of rice extrudate with added ginger powder extruded by single screw extruder. Graphic three dimensional analysis on response surface regression was used to evaluate effects of extrusion variables on quality factors of the extrudate according to two independent variables, ginger consent 0∼12%, moisture content 14∼26%. The summarized results are as follows : 1) Regarding proximate composition of rice extrudate with added ginger powder, as ginger powder content of raw material Increased, crude tat, crude protein, crude ash and crude fiber increased, while soluble nitrogen free extract decreased. 2) Graphic three dimensional analysis on response surface regression was conducted for each dependent variable which revealed statistically significant relationship with independent variables, 0∼120A ginger and 14∼26% moisture content. Expansion ratio had a critical point as moisture content changed. As ginger and moisture content Increased, bulk density, break strength and water absorption Index Increased, while water solubility Index decreased. The predicted maximum degree of gelatinization in 6.15% ginger and 15.56% moisture content is 88.27%, and lightness decreased as ginger content Increased. According to the microstructure for the cross section of extrudate obsorbed with image analyzer, air cell number and perimeter revealed saddle point, meanwhile total area and fractarea of air cell had critical points as moisture content changed. In view of the results, quality of rice extrudate with added ginger powder was optimum when rice flour was fed to the extruder with 2∼7% singer powder and 15∼20% moisture content.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제23권6호
• /
• pp.812-819
• /
• 2008

In this study, we assessed the effects of dietary supplementation with Ecklonia cava on blood glucose, lipid metabolism, and renal oxidative stress in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a normal rat group fed on a control diet and diabetic rats fed on a control diet or supplemented with powder (15% w/w) or water extract of Ecklonia cava (2.5% w/w). Diabetes was induced by a single injection of STZ (60 mg/kg, ip) in citrate buffer. The animals were fed ad libitum with the experimental diet and water for 5 weeks. Dietary supplementation of Ecklonia cava powder and water extract was shown to reduce blood glucose levels in the diabetic rats, and the water extract was more effective than the powder. Dietary supplementation with Ecklonia cava also reduced LDL cholesterol and increased HDL-cholesterol levels in the diabetic rats. Renal glutathione S-transferase activity was increased in the diabetic rats as compared to the normal rats, but reverted to near control values as the result of dietary supplementation with Ecklonia cava. These results show that Eklonia cava exerts an anti-diabetic effect by improving blood glucose concentrations, LDL/HDL-cholesterol ratios, and antioxidative effects on the kidney in diabetic rats.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.158-162
• /
• 2001

Blends of pork meat (20%), defatted soy flour (25%), and corn starch (48.61~53.71%) were prepared with or without additional non-meat ingredients, i.e., onion powder (1%), alone or in combination with carrot powder (1.5%) or extract (1.5%), or defatted oat flour (5%). All blends were formulated for 22.78% moisture, with water added where necessary. They were extruded using a laboratory single-screw extruder at 16$0^{\circ}C$ profess temperature and 170 rpm screw speed. The additional ingredients generally decreased product expansion and increased bulk density and shear force. When the product with no additional ingredient and the product with onion powder were evaluated by trained sensory panelists, \"grain complex\" was the most intense flavor note for both. With 1 % onion powder in feed, a distinct \"onion\" flavor note was detectable in extrudates. All the products may be considered \"healthful\" based on nutrient profiles.t; based on nutrient profiles.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 고려인삼학회 1984년도 학술대회지
• /
• pp.141-144
• /
• 1984

인삼이 강장제인 약용식물로 인식됨에 따라 세포에 대한 인삼 추출물의 효과를 연구하기 위해 미생물을 실험재료로 연구한 결과, 인삼이 두 단계로 세포 호흡에 영향을 미치는 것으로 관찰되었으며 (Tso and Fung, Microbios, Lett. 13 : $7{\~}12$., Tso, Acta Microbiologies sinica 21 : $53{\~}56$)이것은 세포 에너지 대사 변화에 중요한 역할을 할 수 있다는 것을 시사해 주었다. 이와 같은 결과로 인삼이 세포의 mitochondria 에 의한 산소 소모에 미치는 효과를 검토한 결과, 일정한 pH 조건하에서 인삼은 호흡을 촉진시켰으며, 일정농도 이상 투여하였을 경우 다소의 억제효과를 보였다. 위의 결과들은 세포의 mitochonbria 호흡에 미치는 인삼의 효과를 재확인하는 것으로 강장제로서의 인삼의 가치를 뒷받침해 주고 있다.