• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.441-454
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• 2021

Objectives: This study investigated the association between the frequency and pattern of eating alone and the mental health status according to region in Korean adults. Methods: The data of 10,040 Korean adults aged ≥ 19 years from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2017 and 2019 were used. Participants were divided into 4 groups based on their frequency of eating alone: none (all meals together), 1, 2, and 3 meals/day alone. The regions were divided into urban and rural areas. Mental health status was assessed by stress recognition, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation. Multivariable logistic regressions were conducted to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) on the association of the frequency and pattern of eating alone with poor mental health after controlling for covariates. Results: Among Korean adults, 74.1% ate more than one meal a day alone. Individuals having 3 meals a day alone tended to be less educated, single, single person households, or living in urban areas (all P < 0.05). In rural areas, those having 3 meals/day alone had higher odds of stress recognition (AOR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.02-2.35) than those having all meals together. In urban areas, individuals eating alone 3 times/day had higher odds of stress recognition (AOR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.31-1.96), depressive symptoms (AOR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.23-2.12), and suicidal ideation (AOR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.42-3.22) compared to those having all meals together. Urban residents having dinner alone had higher odds of depressive symptoms (AOR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.05-1.58) and suicidal ideation (AOR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.19-2.33) than those having dinner with others. Conclusions: Our findings showed that the frequency and patterns of eating alone were differentially associated with increased odds of poor mental health according to region of residence. Nutrition education is needed for those frequently eating alone, particularly those living in urban areas, to highlight the advantages of eating together and to ensure that they have balanced and healthy meals even if they eat alone.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.283-296
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• 2016

This paper aims to analyze characteristic by the cities focused on the ratio of new apartment resale that is one of the apartment unit sale market, which has been increased recently. To do so, this study examined characteristics of population, housing, residential, and economical with 162 cities and counties and performed multiple regression analysis with dependent variable, ratio of new apartment resale. As a result. the factors affecting the ratio of new apartment resale are 7variables, regional apartment rate, population increasing rate, a mount of sell in lots, housing rent price (Jeonse price) rate compared to average apartment sale price, single-person households increasing rate, apartment subscription rate and number of buyers in the area. Thus, this study showed that the factors affecting characteristic by the regions are ordered characteristics of residential, population and rate of sale and dealing. Based on this result, this study will be basic data for policy of government and development of apartment sales system and for end user to activate resale in apartment sales market.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.309-318
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• 2018

In this study, we investigated subjective perceptions of one retailer's PB products for large retailers by applying the Q methodology to examine subjective trends of consumers who purchased and experienced PB products at home. In this study, we examine how HMR-type PB products developed and released by large retailers according to the demographically changing social structure represent the meaning and subjective acceptance of PB products in a single licensee through Q methodological studies. The purpose of this paper is to propose various direction and improvement plan of food product development and release for one license of large distribution company in the future. Based on these research problems, five types of type analysis results were derived. Specifically, the first type (N = 5): Brand image trust type, the second type (N = 5): NB product preference type, the third type(N = 2): Easy cooking preference type, and fourth type (N = 2): Pursuing taste for price type and fifth type (N = 2): Quantitative pursuit for price type.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.490-504
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• 2021

The online market is gradually increasing due to the increase in single-person households, the development of information and communication technologies, the emergence of various new products, and price comparison competition. Companies need differentiation strategies to adapt to changes in the online environment and secure a competitive edge. In this environment, the objective is to consider the importance of consumer perception of websites in order to generate continuous growth and revenue in the online market as well as to differentiate them from competitors using an online service environment that can affect consumers' internal responses. In this study, we present aesthetic, functional, privacy, and interaction factors as components of e-servicescape to study the impact of e-servicescape on website trust, brand attitude, and repurchase intention. In the data analysis, 485 ordinary people with online shopping experience were surveyed. The questionnaire was based on a 7-point Likert scale for each question and statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 25.0. The analysis shows that in e-servicescapes aesthetic and privacy factors influence website trust and brand attitudes and consequently affect repurchase intention.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.267-278
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• 2021

This study differentiated it from previous studies by selecting Chinese lifestyle shops in the current situation where lifestyle shops are rapidly emerging due to the increase in single-person households in China and changes in consumption patterns. The purpose of this study is to present basic data for establishing VMD strategies for domestic lifestyle shops wishing to enter China through the analysis of the characteristics of VMD elements. The results of this study are as follows.The research results are as follows. In the display elements of the VMD of Chinese lifestyle shops-GAROSU, CH'IN, and Nome, the appliances and props used differentiated shapes and materials according to the product concept and design. There seemed to be a difference depending on the concept of the lifestyle shop. Also, there were differences in the form of VP and the presentation method of PP and IP in VP, PP, and IP according to the store product group and the amount of products displayed in the presentation element. In a follow-up study, it is considered meaningful to conduct a study on domestic lifestyle shops and a comparative analysis of VMD between Chinese and domestic lifestyle shops.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.404-418
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the trends in kimchi, vegetable, and fruit consumption among the Korean population and identify the factors associated with this consumption. The goal was to provide fundamental data for developing appropriate guidelines to increase kimchi consumption by understanding its characteristics. Methods: The analysis utilized data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) conducted between 1998 and 2020. A total of 81,680 adults, aged 30 years or older, were included in the trend analysis. For the analysis of factors associated with kimchi, vegetable, and fruit intake, a subgroup of 22,122 adults aged 30 years or older from the KNHANES (2016-2020) was divided into two groups: 30-64 years old and 65 years old or older. Since the KNHANES data employed a complex sampling design, the statistical analysis was conducted using the appropriate complex sampling design method. Results: The overall consumption of kimchi exhibited a declining trend among both men and women. Specifically, there was a significant decline in the intake of baechu kimchi among both genders. The decline in kimchi consumption above the standard was associated with a decrease in meal frequency and an increase in the frequency of eating alone. However, the patterns for unsalted vegetables and fruits differed compared to kimchi. Conclusion: In this study, there was a decline in kimchi consumption among both men and women, and the potential factors associated with this trend included Westernized dietary habits, the presence of a spouse who influenced dietary habits, and an increased frequency of solitary dining due to the rise in single-person households. Therefore, it is necessary to develop dietary guidelines that consider these factors.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.74-80
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• 2023

This study examines the characteristics of architectural review opinions as unstructured data, focusing on the most challenging risk for developers of small and medium-sized apartment projects in response to the increasing number of single-person households in Korea. Using multidimensional analysis methods, the study analyzes the review opinions of 25 projects in B City. Correspondence analysis and MDS (Multidimensional Scale) analysis show that, consistent with prior research, the keywords related to 'structure' and 'planning' dominate architectural review opinions in B City. While the MDS model's stress is very poor at 34.4%, correspondence analysis reveals that this is due to the characteristics of unstructured data in architectural reviews. In addition, the non-structured data analyzed in this study, such as architectural review opinions, exhibited a probability distribution with low kurtosis and high skewness, as they involved various combinations and occurrences of data depending on the discretion of the review committee members and the specific formats of different local governments. This often led to the emergence of keywords that differed significantly from commonly mentioned terms. Although the study has some limitations, it provides a foundation for future detailed analysis by identifying the characteristics of architectural review opinions as unstructured data.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.51-68
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• 2023

With the emergence of the internet and the increasing use of online communities for over 20 years, the age range of users has also been rising. This study explores the linguistic changes that have occurred as the user age in online communities has increased. To do this, data was collected and analyzed from an online community that has been actively operating, despite new member registrations being closed nine years ago. By comparing the posts over an 11-year period from 2012 to 2022, changes such as an increase in average comments, a decrease in interrogative sentences, and a decrease in imperative statements were observed. The study also proposed loneliness due to aging and a decline in curiosity and confidence as potential causes of these changes. In South Korea, which is rapidly entering an aging society unprecedentedly fast on a global scale, the increase in single-person households has evolved loneliness from a personal issue to a social problem, manifested in an increase in solitary deaths and reclusive individuals. This research sheds light on one aspect of these social phenomena through the analysis of data from a large online community.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.63-72
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• 2024

The size of the home interior market is growing rapidly as interest in interiors and self-interiors has increased due to the recent rapid increase in single-person households. Most of the Bathroom remodeling is done by requesting an offline interior contractor and then visually checking it in the final completion stage, so it is not easy to re-construct even if the customer is dissatisfied. Therefore, this study developed an immersive virtual reality-based Bathroom self-remodeling system that can visually check space and design from the design stage to the final stage by incorporating VR technology to feel realistic in virtual reality. The bathroom structure may select the basic structure of the predefined bathroom space or freely set the size of the bathroom space. For furniture items, you can choose the washbasin, toilet, bathtub, shower booth that are essential elements of the bathroom and others(mounting rack, trash bin, handle). The tile texture may change the texture of the selected tile at a desired wall position by selecting various textures. In particular,, the texture of the wall tile can be varied by selecting horizontal, vertical and inclined directions at the desired angle according to the needs of the user and the contractor. As a future research project, this system will enable indoor sharing between users who are physically far away in real-time, allowing direct experience in virtual spaces, connection to purchases, and request estimates.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.179-185
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• 2021

Indoor gardening includes wall greening, terrariums, and flower arrangements. Among these types of indoor gardens, the terrarium is easy to access for the general public, but in Korea, because of the focus on esthetics, the original purpose of creating terrariums, which was to grow plants sustainably in an enclosed space, has been lost. In addition, miniaturization of plants is required to grow plants in an enclosed space. Since the available plant species suitable for a terrarium are limited, only plants such as succulents, cacti, and moss have been used. In this study, Bronze (X Graptosedum) was used, and these problems were solved using the following three methods: placement and growth of virus-free plants in the terrarium; extending the diversity of plants with minimal size that can be planted in terrariums; and reducing the price of in vitro plants with minimal size by achieving large-scale production. In particular, tissue-cultured succulents were developed into a Vivorium by replacing the tissue culture container and renewing the composition of the plant. This paper suggests a new indoor horticultural field, Vivorium, that can improve the current limitations of terrariums and make them more accessible to the general public. The introduction and popularization of new indoor gardening fields with the increase in single-person households and indoor activities in the Pandemic era can also improve psychological stability among people and in the society.