• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.100-106
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• 2016

Purpose: Beta blocker (BB) has been prescribed for anxiety and panic disorder. Patients intoxicated by psychiatric drugs have often been exposed to BB. Moreover, BB overdose has adverse effects including cardiovascular effects, which can be life-threatening. This study was conducted to identify the characteristics of BB intoxication with psychiatric drugs and the adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. Methods: A single center, retrospective study was performed from January 2010 to December 2015. A total of 4,192 patients visited the emergency department (ED) with intoxication, and 69 with BB intoxication were enrolled. Results: Overall, 64 patients (92.8%) of enrolled patients were intoxicated with drugs prescribed for the purpose of psychiatric disorders. Propranolol was the most common BB (62 cases, 96.2%), and the median dose was 140.0 mg (25%-75% 80.0-260.0). Twenty-four patients (37.5%) had experienced cardiovascular events, and these patients tended to have decreased mentality, hypotension and coingestion with quetiapine. An initial mean arterial pressure (MAP) below 65 mmHg (odds ratio 10.069, 95% confidence interval 1.572-64.481, p=0.015) was identified as a factor of cardiovascular event upon multiple logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: Initial MAP below 65 mmHg was a factor of cardiovascular adverse effect in patients of BB intoxication with psychiatric drugs.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.135-143
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• 2020

Natural drought is a three-dimensional phenomenon that simultaneously evolves in time and space. To evaluate the link between meteorological and hydrological droughts, we defined a drought event from a three-dimensional perspective and analyzed the propagation characteristics in time and spaces. Overall results indicated that 77 % of the total cases of spatio-temporal droughts was propagated based on the single category relationship between meteorological and hydrological drought events, while 23 % was affected by multiple meteorological drought events to the occurrence of hydrological drougts. Especially, it turned out that the hydrological drought was caused by the spatio-temporal effects of the propagation of four meteorological drought events generated due to long-term lack of precipitation in 1994-1995. In addition, the meteorological drought caused by the lack of precipitation in the summer of 2001 lasted for several months, and was propagated to the hydrological drought in April 2002.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.3358-3367
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• 2013

This study was conducted to examine the effects of the elderly patient's simulation experience on attitudes toward elderly and elderly patients, and empathy of elderly patients among nursing students. Study results showed that elderly patient's simulation experience did not have significant effects on attitudes toward elderly or elderly patients, whereas it had significant effect on enhancing the empathy on elderly patients. The subjects of experimental group indicated that the factors decreasing the effect of intervention are single event of experience, raising aging anxiety, lack of the reality of simulation clothing, and risk of accident during simulation experience, etc. In order to maximize the positive effects of the elderly patient's simulation program, it is necessary to find a way to improve those limiting factors identified from this study, and to continue to work on positive effects of elderly simulation applied for their curriculum.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.141-154
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of implicit and explicit situation awareness instruction on decision making and event related brain potentials. Psychophysiological data obtained from 36 intermediated level tennis players whose National Tennis Rating Program(NTTP) belong 2 to 2.5 were compared. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups: (1) implicit situation awareness, (2) explicit situation awareness, and (3) control group. A total of 90 clips were presented via a beam project screen, and participants pressed one of three jelly bean buttons to indicate the direction of ball hit. Dependent measures were the latencies and amplitudes of P300 on Pz, Cz, and Fz. The results of this study indicated that participants in the implicit situation awareness produced tenser P300, than participants in the explicit situation awareness group. The findings also indicated that single defense showed longer P300 latencies than single attack as well as double defense. The P300-amplitude of treatment groups were longer than control group. The Cz area showed shorer P300 latencies than Pz and Fz areas. In addition, single defense situation demonstrated longer P300 latencies than single attack and double defence situations. Based on this study, it is believed that implicit and explicit situation awareness instruction influence decision making in different ways.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.555-576
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• 2007

Statistical analysis on the measured responses of a suspension bridge deck (Law, et al. 2007) show that vibration response at the first torsional mode of the structure has a significant increase at and beyond the critical wind speed for vortex shedding as noted in the wind tunnel tests on a sectional model. This paper further analyzes the measured responses of the structure when under typhoon conditions for any possible vortex shedding events. Parameters related to the lifting force in such a possible event and the vibration amplitudes are estimated with a single-degree-of-freedom model of the system. The spatial correlation of vortex shedding along the bridge span is also investigated. Possible vortex shedding events are found at both the first torsional and second vertical modes with the root-mean-square amplitudes comparable to those predicted from wind tunnel tests. Small negative stiffness due to wind effects is observed in isolated events that last for a short duration, but the aerodynamic damping exhibits either positive or negative values when the vertical angle of wind incidence is beyond ${\pm}10^{\circ}$. Vibration of the bridge deck is highly correlated in the events at least in the middle one-third of the main span.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.472-478
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• 1992

Synthesis of the pol gene products of HTLV-I requires rihosomes to shift frame twice in - I direction while translating genome-size mRNA. We havc made a lI1utagcni/cd RNA in which the gag and pro genes are aligned to allow synthe,.is of a largcr amount of the Gag-Pro-Pol polyproteins by a single frameshifting. Using this mutant, wc could examine the questions whether the predicted RNA secondary or tertiary structure downstream of the shift site is operative as a determinant for - I frameshifting. Deletion analysis showed that the stem-loop structure is essential for efficient frameshifting in the pro-pol overlap, but formation of a pseudoknot is less important.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.55-66
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• 2018

A large main shock may consist of numerous aftershocks with a short period. The aftershocks induced by a large main shock can cause the collapse of a structure that has been already damaged by the preceding main shock. These aftershocks are important factors in structural damages. Furthermore, despite what is often assumed in seismic design codes, earthquakes do not usually occur as a single event, but as a series of strong aftershocks and even fore shocks. For this reason, this study investigates the effect and potential of consecutive earthquakes on the response and behavior of concrete structures. At first, six moment resisting concrete frames with 3, 5, 7, 10, 12 and 15 stories are designed and analyzed under two different records with seismic sequences from real and artificial cases. The damage states of the model frames were then measured by the Park and Ang's damage index. From the results of this investigation, it is observed that the sequences of ground motions can almost double the accumulated damage and increased response of structures. Therefore, it is certainly insufficient to ignore this effect in the design procedure of structures. Also, the use of artificial seismic sequences as design earthquake can lead to non-conservative prediction of behavior and damage of structures under real seismic sequences.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 1998.09a
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• pp.355-360
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• 1998

A small package of plasma instruments, Space Physics Sensor, will monitor the space environment and its effects on microelectronics in the low altitude region as it operates on board the KOMPSAT-1 from 1999 over the maximum of the solar cycle 23. The Space Physics Sensor (SPS) consists of two parts: the Ionospheric Measurement Sensor (IMS) and the High Energy Particle Detector (HEPD). IMS will make in situ Measurements of the thermal electron density and temperature, and is expected to provide a global map of the thermal electron characteristics and the variability according to the solar and geomagnetic activity in the high altitude ionosphere of the KOMPSAT-t orbit. HEPD will measure the fluxes of high energy protons and electrons, monitor the single event upsets caused by these energetic charged particles, and give the information of the total radiation dose received by the spacecraft. The continuous operation of these sensors, along with the ground measurements such as incoherent scatter radars, digital ionosondes and other spacecraft measurements, will enhance our understanding of this important region of practical use for the low earth orbit satellites.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.276-285
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• 1997

The effect of wheel surface condition on solidification behavior of Al-Cu ribbon was investigated in order to establish extreme levels of heat extraction. The condition of wheel surface was changed either by heating the wheel surface up to $200^{\circ}C$ or by coating boron nitride(BN) onto the the rim of a wheel. Heating the wheel surface up to $200^{\circ}C$ improved the wetting behavior between the molten metal and the rotating wheel, leading to an increase in the ratio of columnar structure to the entire thickness of Al-4.3wt%Cu and Al-33.2wt%Cu ribbons. For Al-4.3wt%Cu ribbon, assuming one grain as a single heterogeneous nucleation event at the contact point, the nucleation density with the wheel surface heated to $200^{\circ}C$, was $4{\times}10^6/mm^2$, and in the cases of BN coating with thin and thick layers, $10^5/mm^2$ and $5{\times}10^4/mm^2$, respectively. The largest cooling capacity of the wheel corresponded to the heated wheel surface, and as the thickness of BN coating layer increased, the cooling capacity of the wheel gradually decreased.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.50 no.8
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• pp.1298-1305
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• 2018

The use of System-on-Chip (SoC) solutions in the design of on-board data handling systems is an important step towards further miniaturization in space. However, the Total Ionizing Dose (TID) and Single Event Effects (SEE) characterization of these complex devices present new challenges that are either not fully addressed by current testing guidelines or may result in expensive, cumbersome test configurations. In this paper we report the test setups, procedures and results for TID testing of a SoC microcontroller both using standard $^{60}Co$ and low-energy protons beams. This paper specifically points out the differences in the test methodology and in the challenges between TID testing with proton beam and with the conventional gamma ray irradiation. New test setup and procedures are proposed which are capable of emulating typical mission conditions (clock, bias, software, reprogramming, etc.) while keeping the test setup as simple as possible at the same time.