• Computers and Concrete
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2017

In this paper, mode I fracture toughness of rock was determined by direct and indirect methods using Particle Flow Code simulation. Direct methods are compaction tension (CT) test and hollow centre cracked quadratic sample (HCCQS). Indirect methods are notched Brazilian disk (NBD) specimen, the semi-circular bend (SCB) specimen, hollow centre cracked disc (HCCD), the single edge-notched round bar in bending (SENRBB) specimen and edge notched disk (END). It was determined that which one of indirect fracture toughness values is close to direct one. For this purpose, initially calibration of PFC was undertaken with respect to data obtained from Brazilian laboratory tests to ensure the conformity of the simulated numerical models response. Furthermore, the simulated models in five introduced indirect tests were cross checked with the results from direct tests. By using numerical testing, the failure process was visually observed. Discrete element simulations demonstrated that the macro fractures in models are caused by microscopic tensile breakages on large numbers of bonded discs. Mode I fracture toughness of rock in direct test was less than other tests results. Fracture toughness resulted from semi-circular bend specimen test was close to direct test results. Therefore semi-circular bend specimen can be a proper test for determination of Mode I fracture toughness of rock in absence of direct test.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제39권7호
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• pp.693-700
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• 2015

혼합모드 피로하중을 받는 균열을 갖은 CTS 시편에 대하여 균열경로 예측이론과 Tanaka 의 등가 응력확대계수식을 적용하여 피로균열진전거동을 평가하였다. 새롭게 생성되는 균열선단의 응력확대계수 산정은 ANSYS 를 이용한 유한요소법을 통해 이루어졌고, 균열경로와 균열증분은 마이크로소프트 엑셀에 프로그래밍한 균열경로예측식과 Paris 식으로 계산되었다. 균열증분으로 새롭게 생성된 균열선단의 기하학적인 정보는 엑셀의 기능을 이용해 ANSYS 의 KSCON 명령어가 인식할 수 있게 변화시켜 균열모델링을 용이하게 하였다. 반복적인 균열해석을 위해 유한요소법과 엑셀을 결합한 FECTUM(Finite Element Crack Tip Updating Method)을 개발하였다. 개발된 FECTUM 을 편측 3 점 굽힘을 통해 혼합모드의 구현이 가능한 SENB 시편(Single Edge Notched Bend Specimen)에 적용해본 결과, 균열경로는 물론 파단될 때까지의 피로하중 반복수의 차이가 3% 미만으로 잘 일치하는 모습을 보여, 개발된 기법의 타당성을 검증하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제39권10호
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• pp.1001-1010
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 탄성-소성-크리프 상태에서 시간의존적 균열 선단 응력장을 평가하기 위해 Single-Edge-notched-Bend (SEB) 시편을 사용하여 유한요소 크리프 해석을 수행하였다. 천이크리프의 초기소성 영향을 조사하고자 다양한 초기하중을 대해 고려하였으며, 또한 소성물성과 크리프 물성의 영향을 조사하기 위해 소성 경화 지수(m)과 크리프 지수(n)이 같은 경우와 다른 경우를 모두 고려하였다. 결과로서, 기존 식의 수정을 통해서 천이크리프 상태에서의 균열 선단 응력장의 예측 식을 제안하였으며, 유한요소해석 결과와 비교를 통해서 제시된 수식의 타당성을 검증하였다. 그리고 m 과 n 이 같은 경우뿐만 아니라 m과 n이 다른 경우에도 천이크리프 상태에서 균열 선단 응력장을 예측 할 수 있는 식을 제안하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제39권9호
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• pp.851-857
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 탄성-소성-2 차 크리프 상태에서 시간의존적 C(t) 적분에 대해 평가하였다. Single- Edge-notched-Bend (SEB) 시편에 대해 유한요소 크리프 해석을 수행하였다. 천이 크리프에 대한 초기 소성의 영향을 연구하기 위해 다양한 초기 하중에 대해 고려하였다. 또한, 소성물성과 크리프 물성의 영향을 보기 위해 소성 경화 지수(m)과 크리프 지수(n)이 같은 경우와 다른 경우를 모두 고려하였다. 본 논문에서는 기존 식의 수정을 통해서 천이 크리프 상태에서의 C(t) 적분의 새로운 예측 식을 제시하였다. 유한요소해석 결과와 비교를 통해서 제시된 수식의 타당성을 검증하였고, 소성 경화 지수(m)과 크리프 지수(n)이 같은 경우에만 적용할 수 있는 기존 예측 식을 보완하여 m 과 n 이 다른 경우에도 천이 크리프 상태에서 C(t) 적분을 예측할 수 있는 식을 제시하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.601-609
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• 2012

Effect of different crack sizes on fracture criterion of some engineering materials was investigated in this work. Using finite element (FE) method coupled with a newly developed algorithm, J-integral values for different crack sizes were obtained for single-edge notched bend (SENB) and compact type (CT) specimen. Specimens with initial a/W ratio from 0.25 to 0.75 varying in crack size in steps of 0.125 were investigated. Several different materials, like 20MnMoNi55, 42CrMo4 and 50CrMo4, usually used in engineering structure, were investigated. For one of mentioned materials, numerical results were compared with experimental and their compatibility is visible.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.494-504
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• 2006

It is well known that the two-parameter $J-A_2$ solution can well characterize the crack-tip fields and quantify the crack-tip constraint for different flawed geometries in variety of loading conditions. However, this solution fails to do so for bending dominated specimens or geometries at large deformation because of the influence of significant global bending stress on the crack-tip field. To solve this issue, a modified $J-A_2$ solution is developed in this paper by introducing an additional term to address the global bending influence. Using the $J_2$ flow theory of plasticity and within the small-strain framework detailed finite element analyses are carried out for the single edge notched bend (SENB) specimen with a deep crack in A533B steel at different deformation levels ranging from small-scale Yielding to large-scale Yielding conditions. The numerical results of the crack-tip stress field are then compared with those determined from the $J-A_2$ solution and from the modified $J-A_2$ solution at the same level of applied loading Results indicate that the modified $J-A_2$ solution largely improves the $J-A_2$ solution, and match very well with the numerical results in the region of interest at all deformation levels. Therefore, the proposed solution can effectively describe the crack-tip field and the constraint for bending dominated specimens or geometries.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.465-481
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• 2022

This paper presents a comprehensive integrity assessment of welded structural components, including uniform high- and low-cycle fatigue assessment of welded plate joints and fatigue-induced fracture assessment of welded plate joints. This study reports a series of fatigue and fracture tests of welded plate joints under three-point bending. To unify the assessment protocol for high- and low-cycle fatigue of welded plate joints, this study develops a numerical damage assessment framework for both high- and low-cycle fatigue. The calibrated damage material parameters are validated through the smooth coupon specimens. The proposed damage-based fatigue assessment approach describes, with reasonable accuracy, the total fatigue life of welded plate joints under high- and low-cycle fatigue actions. Subsequently, the study performs a tearing assessment on the ductile crack extension of the fatigue-induced crack. The tearing assessment diagram derives from the load-deformation curve of a single-edge notched bend, SE(B) specimen and successfully predicts the load-crack extension relation for the reported welded plate joints during the stable tearing process.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.488-503
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• 1999

The present paper considers the constraint effect on J-R curves under the two-parameter $J-A_2$ controlled crack growth within a certain amount of crack extension. Since the parameter $A_2$ in $J-A_2$ three-term solution is independent of applied loading under fully plasticity or large-scale defor-mation $A_2$ is a proper constraint parameter uring crack extension. Both J and $A_2$ are used to char-acterize the resistance curves of ductile crack growth using J as the loading level and $A_2$ are used to char-acterize the resistance curves of ductile crack growth using J as the loading level and A2 as a con-straint parameter. Approach of the constraint-corrected J-R curve is proposed and a procedure of transferring the J-R curves determined from standard ASTM procedure to non-standard speci-mens or real cracked structures is outlined. The test data(e.g. initiation toughness JIC and tearing modulus $T_R$) of Joyce and Link(Engineer-ing Fracture Mechanics 1997, 57(4) : 431-446) for single-edge notched bend[SENB] specimen with from shallow to deep cracks is employed to demonstrate the efficiency of the present approach. The variation of $J_{IC}$ and $T_R$ with the constraint parameter $A_2$ is obtained and a con-straint-corrected J-R curves is constructed for the test material of HY80 steel. Comparisons show that the predicted J-R curves can very well match with the experimental data for both deep and shallow cracked specimens over a reasonably large amount of crack extension. Finally the present constraint-corrected J-R curve is used to predict the crack growth resistance curves for different fracture specimens. over a reasonably large amount of crack extension. Finally the present constraint-corrected J-R curve is used to predict the crack growth resistance curves for different fracture specimens. The constraint effects of specimen types and specimen sizes on the J-R curves can be easily obtained from the constrain-corrected J-R curves.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.208-213
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• 2019

In this study, lanthanum oxide ($La_2O_3$) dispersed molybdenum ($Mo-La_2O_3$) alloys are fabricated using lanthanum nitrate solution and nanosized Mo particles produced by hydrogen reduction of molybdenum oxide. The effect of $La_2O_3$ dispersion in a Mo matrix on the fracture toughness at room temperature is demonstrated through the formation behavior of $La_2O_3$ from the precursor and three-point bending test using a single-edge notched bend specimen. The relative density of the $Mo-0.3La_2O_3$ specimen sintered by pressureless sintering is approximately 99%, and $La_2O_3$ with a size of hundreds of nanometers is uniformly distributed in the Mo matrix. It is also confirmed that the fracture toughness is $19.46MPa{\cdot}m^{1/2}$, an improvement of approximately 40% over the fracture toughness of $13.50MPa{\cdot}m^{1/2}$ on a pure-Mo specimen without $La_2O_3$, and this difference in the fracture toughness occurs because of the changes in fracture mode of the Mo matrix caused by the dispersion of $La_2O_3$.