• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.40 no.5
• /
• pp.455-458
• /
• 1997

Crude oils in the rhizoma of fresh and dried Gastrodia elata were obtained by a simultaneous steam distillation and extraction(SDE) method using n-pentane/diethyl ether (1 : 1) as solvent, and their volatile constituents were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC/MS) A total of 39 volatile flavor constituents (11 acids, 13 alcohols,6 hydrocarbons,7 carbonyls,2 esters) and 25 constituents (6 alcohols, 13 acids, 4 hydrocarbons, 1 carbonyl, ester) were identified in the fresh and dried Gastrodia elate respectively. The major volatile components of the fresh and dried sample were hexadecanoic acid(66.78%, 50.72%), 9-hexadecenoic acid(8.07%, 9.58%), heptadecanoic acid(2.01%, 0.13%), pentadecanoic acid(6.41%, 4.94%), p-cresol(1.43%,0.52%) and cyclododecene(1.83%, 6.00%).

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.10-14
• /
• 2001

The volatile components of umbelliferous herbs having a characteristic spicy aroma were investigated. The essential oils of herbs were isolated by simultaneous steam distillation and extraction and the volatile components were identified by capillary GC and GC/MS. Forty-nine volatile compounds were identified from the herbs. The major compounds of chervil (Anthricus cerefolium) leaf oil were methyl chavicol, 1-allyl-2,4-dimethoxy benzene, and of coriander (Coriandrum sativum) leaf oil were ${\beta}$-sesquiphellan drene, germacrene B, nerolidol, selinene-4-ol, and of coriander seed oil were linalool, decanal, ${\gamma}$-terpinene, $\rho$-cymene.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.11-22
• /
• 2020

When extracting semi-volatile components of herbal medicines using hot water vapor, some substances may react with water vapor or oxygen, and some volatile substances may be lost, when using an organic solvent extraction method has the disadvantage that it may contain a non-volatile material and residual organic solvent. In addition, it is inefficient to separate semi-volatile substances from herbal medicines into each single component and conduct biological activity research for each component to determine the effective ingredient, and some components may be lost in the separation process. In this study, semi-volatile substances evaporated under two pressure-reduced conditions in Chinese herbal medicines such as Cnidii Rhizoma, Aucklandiae Radix and Amomum Fructus were separated by cooling with liquid nitrogen. Those were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify the components, and this method may be used to study biological activities at the cellular level. The substances separated under reduced pressure, essential oil obtained by simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) method and substances by using solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) from Cnidii Rhizoma, Aucklandiae Radix and Amomum Fructus were analyzed by GC-MS. In the case of Cnidii Rhizoma and Aucklandiae Radix, there were some differences among the essential oil components obtained by SDE and those identified by low temperature capture (CT) and SPME method, these were believed to be produced by some volatiles reacting with water or oxygen at the boiling point temperature of water.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.552-558
• /
• 2011

Hypsizigus marmoreus is a wild mushroom commonly consumed in South Korea due to its beneficial effects on health. In the present study, the general chemical and inorganic-element composition, the total amino acid contents, and the volatile-flavor compounds of H. marmoreus were investigated for food uses. The proximate compositions consisted of 60.1% carbohydrate, 32.0% crude protein, 8.98% moisture, 5.0% ash, and 2.0% crude lipid. The minerals in H. marmoreus were found to be as follows; potassium (429.5 mg), phosphorus (101.9 mg), sodium (20.3 mg), magnesium (54.86 mg), calcium (2.7 mg), zinc (0.8 mg), iron (0.7 mg), manganese (0.2 mg), and copper (0.1 mg), based on 100 g of mushroom dry weight. Seventeen kinds of total amino acids were found in H. marmoreus, with the glutamine acid content being the highest (2,340 mg/100 g), followed by the asparagine, serine, arginine, and leucine contents. The volatile-flavor components of H. marmoreus were collected via simultaneous steam distillation extraction (SDE), and were analyzed via gas chromatography-massspectrophotometry (GC-MS). A total of 17 volatile-flavor compounds were identified, including eight aldehydes, seven alcohols, one acids, and one other compounds. The most abundant compound was 2,3,6-trimethy1 pyridine, which accounted for more than 40% of the total volatiles; other important compounds were 1-octen-3-o1, buty1hydroxytoluene (BHT), isoocty1 phthalate, 3-octanal, 1-undecanol, and 2-amylfuran. These results provide preliminary data for the development of H. marmoreus as an edible food material.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.40 no.2
• /
• pp.171-178
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study was to analyse the volatile components of Thymus magnus Nakai extracted by different extraction methods and reproduce scent close to original plant based on the results. For this purpose, the essential oil of T. magnus was extracted by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), water and steam distillation (WSD) and simultaneous steam distillation and extraction (SDE) methods. The compositions of the essential oil were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Consequently, linalool (0.1%) and trans-sabinene hydrate (0.9%) contents in the essential oil extracted by SFE method of $40^{\circ}C$ - 400 bar condition were relatively higher than compositions of the essential oil extracted by different conditions. The contents of borneol (3.82%), terpinen-4-ol (0.3%) and caryophyllene oxide (2.2%) were relatively higher at $50^{\circ}C$ - 400 bar and the contents of ${\beta}$-bisabolene (5.88%), 1-octen-3-ol (0.31%), caryophyllene (2.91%), p-cymene (2.04%) and ${\gamma}$-terpinene (0.52%) were extracted relatively higher at $50^{\circ}C$ - 300 bar. The compositions of the essential oil extracted by SFE method of $50^{\circ}C$ - 200 bar condition contained relatively higher contents of thymol (77.63%) and carvacrol (5.65%). The contents of ${\alpha}$-bisabolol (0.17%), caryophyllene (6.46%), cis-${\alpha}$-bisabolene (1.52%) and ${\beta}$-bisabolene (20.65%) in the essential oil extracted by WSD method were relatively higher than compositions of the essential oil extracted by SFE method, and by SDE method we couldn't obtained essential oil. The results of this study could be utilized to reproduce scent close to original scent of T. magnus.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.206-215
• /
• 1999

Volatile flavor components in five varieties, Bekdo, Chundo, Yumung, Daegubo and Hwangdo, of peach (Prunus persica L.) were extracted by SDE (Simultaneous steam distillation and extraction) method using the mixture of n-pentane and diethylether(1:1, v/v) as an extract solvent. Analysis of the concentrate by capillary gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry led to the identification of 83, 85, 70, 74 and 66 components in Bekdo, Chundo, Yumung, Daegubo and Hwangdo, respectively. Aroma patterns (29 alcohols, 27 ketones, 18 aldehydes, 9 esters, 5 ethers, 3 acids, 6 terpene and derivatives, and 26 miscellaneous) were identified and quantified in five cultivars. Ethyl acetate, hexanal, o-xylene, (E)-2-hexenal, hexanol, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, benzaldehyde, r-decalactone and r-dodecalactone were the main components in each samples, though there were several differences in composition of volatile components. Beside C$\_$6/ compounds, a series of saturated and unsaturated r- and $\delta$-lactones ranging from chain length C$\_$6/ to C$\_$l2/, with concentration maxima for r-decalactone and r-dodecalactone, were a major class of constituents. Lactones and peroxidation products of unsaturated fatty acid (i.e. C$\_$6/ aldehydes and alcohols) were major constituents of the extract.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.39 no.6
• /
• pp.517-520
• /
• 1996

To identify the volatiles of Platycodon roots, the three-year-old and the 24-year-old Platycodon roots cultivated in a local farm were extracted with ethyl ether by SDE method. 54.71mg% and 80.01mg% of volatile components were collected in the three-year-old and in 24-year-old Platycodon roots, respectively. As a result of GC/MS(TIC) analysis, 24 and 28 compounds were identified, respectively; The amounts of volatile components such as hexanol, trans-2-hexenol and nonanal in 24-year-old roots were detected above ten times than those in 3-year-old roots. The Volatiles of 24-year-old roots were fractionated by SCC and identified by GC/MS to be 10 hydrocarbons, 8 alcohols, 10 aldehydes, 5 esters, 6 acids and 1 unknown compound as the major components. The species and total amounts of volatile component in 24-year-old Platycodon roots were considered to be higher than those in 3-year-old Platycodon roots. *Abbreviations 1. Platycodon : platycodon grandiflorus (jacquin) A. De Candolle. 2. SDE : Simultaneous Distillation Extraction 3. SCC : Silicagel Column Chromatography 4. GC : gas chromatography 5. GC/MS : Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer 6. TIC : Total Ion Chromatogoraphy

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.366-372
• /
• 2000

Volatile flavor components in three grape(Vitis vinifera L.) varieties were extracted by SDE(Simultaneous steam distillation and extraction) method using the mixture of n-pentane and diethylether(1:1, v/v) as an extract solvent. Grapes of the following varieties were studies : Blackolympia, Campbell and Delaware. The volatile extracts were analyzed by GC-FID and GC/MS. The totals of 77, 72 and 74 volatile flavor components were identified in Blackolympia, Campbell and Delaware, respectively. (E)-2-Hexenal(20.36%), diethylacetal(18.03%), hexanal and ethyl acetate were contained as the main compounds of Blackolympia. In Campbell, ethyl acetate(30.81%) was relatively more abundant than other compounds and among functional groups, C$\_$6/ aldehydes and alcohols were major constituents of the extract. On the other hand, in Delaware, alcohols was the major constituent group and (E)-2-hexenal(21.07%) and (E)-2-hexena1-ol(19.43%) were the main compounds. All of three grape varieties contained a large amount of hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, hexanol, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, thus C$\_$6/-compounds proved to be major volatile components of grape and small amount of terpenols were only detected from Delaware.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.265-274
• /
• 1997

This study was conducted in ordor to find the most suitable conditions for producing the Doenjang with optimal odor compound contents. Three sample groups with the different preparing methods -Doenjang that has not gone through the soy sauce separation process (Doenjang A), Doenjang that has gone through the soy sauce separation process; Meju-20% salt water ratio of 1 : 4 (Doenjang B), and that with the ratio of 1.3 : 4 (Doenjang C)- were tested during different ripening periods. Odor compound contents were analyzed through Solvent Extraction Method and Simultaneous Steam Distillation Extraction (SDE). The number of odor compounds was greatest in Doenjang A and during the mid to late stage in each groups. In the sensory evaluation of Doenjang odors, Doenjang A received the highest scores in the categories of overall preferences, while Doenjang C got the lowest scores. Individual odor didn't vary significantly during ripening periods, but the overall odor and taste preference was highest in the samples ripened for 75 to 120 days. Stepwise multiple regression analysis of major odor compounds of Doenjang revealed that benzeneacetaldehyde is the major explanatory variable for offensive odor. Benzeneethanol, 3-methylthio-propanal and 4-methyl-phenol are the explanatory variables for salty odor, nutty odor and rancid odor, respectively. Odor compounds that contribute to the overall odor preference varied from the compounds that affect the taste preference.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.232-236
• /
• 2006

The essential oil of Swertia chirata Buch.-Ham. was extracted by solvent extraction (n-pentane:diethylether, 1:1) method using simultaneous distillation-extraction (SDE) apparatus and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The yield of essential oil obtained from S. chirata was 236.47 mg/kg. Seventy seven compounds of the essential oil belonging to chemical classes of acid (4), alcohol (21), aldehyde (15), ester (3), furan (3), hydrocarbon (7), ketone (17) and miscellaneous (7) were tentatively identified. The major volatile compounds ranged in content order were as follows: undecanoic acid (28.63%), 2-buten-2-one (20.42%), camphor (18.40%), 2-heptadecanone (14.72%), and cedrol (13.07%).