• 설비공학논문집
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.556-562
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• 2006

The objectives of this paper are to analyze simultaneous heat and mass transfer performance for a plate type bubble absorber with binary nanofluids numerically and to investigate the effects of binary nanofluids and surfactants on the size of the bubble absorber. The effective absorption ratio represents the effect of binary nanofluids and surfactants on the absorption performance. The kinds and concentrations of nano-particles and surfactants are considered as the key parameters. The results show that the addition of surfactants can reduce the size of absorber up to 74.4%, the application of binary nanofluids does the size up to 63.6%. Combination of binary nanofluids and surfactants can reduce the size of absorber up to 77.4%.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.372-376
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• 2015

The experiment was performed using the cleaning precipitator To investigate the absorption efficiency of the $SO_X/NO_X$ of the aqueous ammonia solution. Concentration of the cleaning liquid is 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0% with increasing absorption efficiency has improved. However, the reaction shown only a difference in time. Absorption efficiency has improved in accordance with the gas residence time. When the direction of the same gas and the cleaning liquid is determined that there is the effect of increasing the residence time. The relative impact of $SO_X$ and $NO_X$ is this likely to react slower than $SO_X/NO_X$. The yield is determined to require adjustment of the cleaning dust collector according to the concentration of the next gas.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.95-104
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• 1994

Inclusion complexes of ketoconazole(KT) with ${\alpha}^_$, ${\beta}^_$cyclodextrin(CD) and $dimethy1-{\beta}-cyclodextrin$ (CD) and $dimethy1-{\beta}-cyclodextrin(DM{\beta}CD)$ as nasal absorption enhancer were prepared in 1: 2 molar ratios by freeze-drying and solvent evaporation methods. In order to compare with the intrinsic absorptivity of KT in the jejunum(J) and the nasal cavity(N), the in situ simultaneous perfusion method was employed. The in situ recirculation study revealed that KT-CD inclusion complexes with the greater stability constant and the faster dissolution rate proportionally increased the absorption of KT in the J and N of rats. The rank order of apparent KT permeability$(P_{app}\;:\;cm/sec\;{\time}\;1O^{-5}{\pm}S.E.)$, corrected by surface area of absorption, was $5.10{\pm}0.3(N,\; KT-DM{\beta}CD)$ )> $4.13{\pm}0.4(N,\;KT-{\beta}-CD)$ )> $3.52{\pm}0.2(N,\;KT-{\alpha}-CD)$ )> $2.76{\pm}0.3(J,\; KT-DM{\beta}CD)$ )> $2.61{\pm}0.5(J,\;KT-{\beta}-CD)$ )> $2.42{\pm}0.4(J,\;KT-{\alpha}-CD)$ at pH 4.0. The in crease in permeability of $KT-DM{\beta}CD$ inclusion complex was 2.6 folds in the J and 4.5 folds in the N when the perfusing solution was changed from the buffer(pH 4.0) to saline. The absorption rate of $KT-DM{\beta}CD$ inclusion complex after nasal administration was more rapid than those of ketoconazole alone and $KT-DM{\beta}CD$ inclusion complex after oral administration to rats. In comparision with an oral administration of ketoconazole suspension in corn oil, the relative bioavailability was calculated 137.3% for the oral and 195.0% for nasal $KT-DM{\beta}CD$ inclusion complex in rats. The present results suggest that $KT-DM{\beta}CD$ inclusion complex may serve as a potential nasal absorption enhancer for the nasal delivery of ketoconazole.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.287-293
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• 1994

The effect of several adsorbents on paraquat poisohing was investigated (1) by measuring the saturatd amount of the poison adhered on the adsorbents in vitro and (2) by assaying the blood level of paraquat in the rat in in situ intestinal absorption experiments. Activated charcoal powder, natural aluminum silifonate) were used as adorbents. The steady-state blood level of paraquat in its absorption experiment with the cationic exchange resins was markedly lower than those without the resins or with other adsorbents. A good relationship was achieved between the calculated AUC or adsorptioin rate (in situ) and the saturated adsorption amount (in vitro). The rank order of the effect was sodium polystyene sulfonate > calcium polystyene sulfonate>natural aluminum silicate>activated charcoal powder. The effect of sodium polystyrene sulfonate after intestinal washing with physiological saline ws also measured, and a synergistic effect (marked decrease in blood paraquat level0 was found as compared with the intestinal washing alone. The simultaneous use of G.I. weshing and powerful adsorbent was scientifically proven to be most benefical.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.205-211
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• 2012

Unlike the previous approaches, we analyzed for economic efficiency of renewed heating and cooling systems as the characteristics of space. The purpose of this study is to analysis the energy consumption and economical efficiency of absorption chillers and EHP systems in renovated library. It is important that equipment selection should be considering energy cost as well as space program. In recently, many EHP systems were installed in the building for reducing the energy cost and for seeking the convenience of individual control. In contrast, though absorption chillers have the disadvantage of a central control, absorption chillers are appropriate for the conditions of the library that needs simultaneous operation. The results by payback period method, show that selection of heating and cooling systems should be consider for space program and the characteristics of space.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.353-363
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate the intestinal and nasal absorption enhancement of cefotaxime (CTX) by ion-pairing with counterions and to design an effective oral and intranasal drug delivery system for antibiotics. Counterions for absorption promotion were cationic surfactants [cetylpyridinium chloride (CP), cetrimide (CT) and benzalkonium chloride (BA)]. In the presence of counterions, the apparent partition coefficient of cefotaxime was increased depending on the molar concentration of the counterions. Anion interference was observed for ion-pairing of cefotaxime with counterions because of the counterbalance between an anion and counterions. The present study employed the in situ simultaneous nasal and intestinal perfusion technique in rats. The apparent permeabilities $(P_{app})$ of cefotaxime were $1.43{\pm}0.04{\times}10^{-5}\;cm/sec(mean{\pm}S.E)$ in the nasal cavity and 0 in the jejunum, respectively, which indicated that the intrinsic absorptivity of cefotaxime was greater in the nasal cavity than in the jejunum. When ionupairing formers were used, the decreasing order of apparent cefotaxime permeability $(P_{app},\;10^{-5}\;cm/sec)$, corrected for surface area of absorption, was as followings: $BA\;(7.50{\pm}0.36)\;>\;CT\;(4.92{\pm}0.24)\;>\;CP\;(3.01{\pm}0.17)$ in the jejunum and $BA\;(22.31{\pm}1.36)\;>\;CP\;(18.24{\pm}0.81)\;>\;CT \;(16.22{\pm}1.87)$ in the nasal cavity. The increase in permeability of cefotaxime was about 13-fold in the rat nasal cavity and was marked in the rat jejunum for ion-pairing with counterions as compared to those without ion-pairing. The damages of jejunal and nasal mucosal membrane by counterions were observed within approximately 2hrs after removal of ion-pair of cefotaxime with counterions from the nasal cavity and jejunum. These results suggest that CP can be used as an ion-pairing former in the jejunum and CP and CT can be used as ion-pairing formers in the nasal cavity for cefotaxime, as well as for poorly absorbed drugs with a negative charge due to ionization.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.827-836
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• 2013

Indigotin, indirubin, berberine, palmatine, alizarin, and purpurin are major pigments of indigo plant, Phellodendron bark, and madder. The six pigments were examined using the HPLC-DAD-MS instrument for the purpose of the simultaneous detection of the pigments in a single sample run. The HPLC-DAD-MS method examined the individual pigment solutions in DMSO, a solution containing 6 pigments, and the DMSO extract of the silk dyed with a dye solution of 5 pigments excluding indirubin. The retention times of the HPLC chromatograms, ${\lambda}_{max}$ of the uv-vis absorption bands in the DAD analyses, and the molecular ions detected for the compound peaks in the MSD analyses were consistent throughout the analyses of individual pigment solutions, mixed pigment solutions, and dye extracted from silk dyeing. The developed instrumental method of the simultaneous detection of six pigments can identify dye in an exhumed textile if the textile is dyed using any one (or multiple) pigments of indigo, Phellodendron bark, or madder plant.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.246-250
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• 1992

Acetaminophen (AAP) and ranitidine (RT) were coadministered orally to nine rats, and the possible contribution of the gastric emptying to the plasma concentration profiles of them was examined. The drugs showed multiple plasma peaks similar to the respective ones after separated administration of each durg. IT Implies that there is no significant interaction between AAP and RT in terms of the gastric emptying or drug absorption. There were no significant linear correlations of the peak patterns (peak height and peak time) between AAP andd RT. It is contrary to the expectation from the biphasic gastric emptying (BGE) theory previously suggested for AAP and RT. The BGE theory. Therefore, seemed to have some draw-backs in explaining satisfactorily the multiple plasma peaks of AAP and RT. Two more doubts raised previously against the BGE theory were also discussed.

• 공업화학
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.607-618
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• 2017

석탄화력발전소를 포함한 다양한 산업설비에서 유해 대기오염물질이 배출되고 있으며, 이러한 오염물질은 인체 건강과 자연 생태계에 영향을 준다. 특히, 질소산화물($NO_x$)와 이산화황($SO_2$)은 인체 건강에 악영향을 주는 미세먼지($PM_{2.5}$) 형성에 원인물질로 알려져 있다. 이러한 $NO_x$와 $SO_2$ 배출을 저감하기 위해서 선택적 촉매 환원(SCR)과 습식 탈황 공정(WFGD)으로 결합된 혼합 시스템이 사용되고 있으나, 높은 설치비용 및 운전비용을 필요로 하며, 유지보수의 문제점, 기술적인 한계점을 가지고 있다. 최근에 이러한 혼합 시스템을 대체하기 위한 $NO_x$, $SO_2$ 동시 저감 기술이 연구되고 있으며, 제안된 기술들은 흡수, 고도 산화(AOPs), 저온 플라즈마(NTP), 전자 빔(EB) 등이 있다. 이러한 기술들은 강한 수용성 산화제 및 산화력을 가진 화학활성종에 의한 $NO_x$, $SO_2$를 $HNO_3$, $H2SO_4$ 형태로의 산화 반응, 기-액 계면에서 $HNO_3$와 $H2SO_4$ 흡수 반응, 화학 첨가제에 의한 중화 반응을 기본으로 하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 각각의 동시 저감공정에 대한 기술적인 특징과 대용량 처리 공정 응용을 위한 향후 전망을 정리하였다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.296-301
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• 2015

The experiment was performed for in order to remove NOx which is generated in the Ship's engine. it was performed test in order to remove NOx which is generated in the Ship's engine. It was used as the oxidizing agent sodium chlorite. Use the oxidizer is nitrogen monoxide was oxidized to nitrogen dioxide. and was tested pH adjustment to increase the efficiency of oxidizing. An aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide was used for the nitrogen dioxide absorbent. Low concentration of the solution, it showed a high efficiency. improves the absorption efficiency by add additives.