• 복식
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• 제63권3호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2013

Xiognu people were the first of the Central-Asian nomads to establish a nation in 209 B.C. They always moved around looking for places to breed their animals and fertile grounds, so they wore clothes made of fur and leather and covered their tents with felt from the livestock. This research studies on the literatures, costumes and the achievement of archaeological excavation. Furthermore, to investigate on costumes excavated of Xiongnu, we visited the Mongolian National Museum and the Hermitage Museum. A corn-hat made of felt, a felt hat with ear flaps and a golden crown with a bird on the top were unearthed from a tomb of Xiongnu in Inner mongolia. Women usually wore pigtails, and men wore pigtails or ponytails but they cut their hair short when holding a funeral. Many pigtails discovered in Noyon uul tombs can be considered as their funeral customs. The Xiongnu wore a round or v-neck caftan attached straight sleeves reaching knees in the left folded style, and because they always rode horses, having the length of the caftan not go past their buttocks would have made it more convenient for them. During the period of Western Han, Ho refered to Xiongnu and it became a common name for northern races. They used leather belts and an animal-designed buckle was found. Women commonly rouged their cheeks for a vivid and cute look, and many ornaments were excavated including bracelets, rings and decorations made of gold, silver, copper and jade, among which there were hair ornaments used to identify one's class. A horse pattern with wings and a horn of Golmod T20 was substitution for the Schythian use of deer. Patterns or shape of unearthed articles present in the Xiongnu culture in Noyon uul had a close relationship with Altaic, Greek and Persian cultures. The Xiongnu clothing was made of animals' skin and fur, woolen textiles and felt. It was folded to the left for upper garments, and the pants were adjusted using a belt and shoes were made of leather, which was very suitable for protection against the cold and horse riding. Mobility played a significant role in their clothing.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.254-266
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the degree of marginal leakage that is made by wet bonding to dentin and dissolution of dentinal collagen layer in vivo and in vitro. Class V cavities were prepared to 32 cat's canine teeth and they were randomly assigned into the following 4 groups : Group 1 (not acid conditioned) ; Group 2 (acid-conditioned and blot-dried) ; Group 3 (acid-conditioned and air-dried for 30 seconds) ; Group 4 (acid-conditioned and retreated with 10% NaOCl solution). The acetone-based primer and bonding agent of All Bond 2(Bisco Inc., U.S.A.) and composite resin(Z-100, 3M. Dent. Prod., U.S.A.) were then applied. The resin collar and cap attached to each specimen and 50% silver nitrate solution was placed inside the resin cap for 3 hours. After the canine tooth was resected in level of cervical third, specimens were highly polished and observed the degree of the dye penetration on incisal and gingival margins. The results were as follows ; 1. There was no significant difference of marginal leakage in all the groups between in vivo and in vitro. 2. In vivo, the degree of leakage on the gingival margin showed the lowerest in group 4 and followed by group 2, 3 and group 1 with ascending order. However, there was no statistical difference among all the groups(p>0.05). 3. In vitro, the degree of leakage on the gingival margin showed the lowerest in group 2 and followed by group 4, 3 and group 1 with ascending order. However, there was no significant difference among the experimental groups(p>0.05). 4. The marginal leakage of the incisal margin in vitro was significantly higher in group 1 than the remaining groups(p<0.05).

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.119-141
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• 2015

As the population of senior citizens has been increasing very rapidly, the importance of their education is gradually emphasized. To maintain their mental and physical health, the solution on the biological, physical, and educational approach might be helpful and effective. Especially in the aspect of the educational approach, the mathematics education can be regarded as an important subject for keeping the seniors in a good mental health. The reason is that the ultimate goal of mathematics education is to pursue an enhancement of mathematical thinking ability. By the reason, this study aimed to develop mathematical materials for enhancing seniors' thinking ability, and the seniors usually belong to fifties and sixties. To this purpose, this study selected the six essential mathematical thinking elements and four mathematical domains of 'number and operation', 'shape and measurement', 'possibility', and 'patterns'. Based on these elements, the mathematical materials including the nine types of activities using games and commercial manipulatives were developed. On the subject of 52 female seniors, the instruction was conducted using a part of the materials during 100 minutes. Also, 13 survey items were developed beforehand, and the survey was implemented after the class, and eventually 48 seniors responded in the survey. As a result, it is meaningful to develop the materials not only for enhancing mathematical thinking ability but for understanding and utilizing the content of materials. Furthermore, it is requested that those materials be differentiated according to the degree or the difference of age, academic ability, and sex.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.217-223
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• 2013

본 연구는 사회복지 현장실습이 진로선택에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구를 통계분석 기법을 중심으로 연구하고자 한다. 복지 현장실습이 전문가를 양성시키는 중요한 곳이기 때문에 지식, 가치, 실천적 기술을 파악하고자 한다. 이러한 측면에서 복지현장실습이 진로와 직결되기 때문에 사회복지학과의 교과수업 만족도, 기관 등 연계를 원하는 정도, 사회복지학과의 실습에 관한 요인인 실습의 만족도에 대해 분석하고자 한다. 첫째, 사회복지학과 실습생들의 개인적 특성을 파악한다. 둘째, 사회복지학과 요인과 진로선택의 관계를 규명한다. 셋째, 사회복지학과 대학(원)생들이 사회복지현장실습이 진로선택에 영향을 주는지 살펴본다.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2007

This study is a review of Ipsik, the decorative ornaments found on traditional Korean horsehair hats, known as Ipja, which were worn by men in the late Joseon Dynasty. In a broad sense, Ipsik are regarded as men's accessories. Therefore, although this study is limited to Ipja, it is significant in the sense that it delves into one facet of men's accessories in detail. Because the appearance of the horsehair hats was rather mundane, Ipsik and Ibyeong were added as ornaments. During the Joseon period, various types of hat ornaments existed, named Maeksu, Hosu, Gongjagu, Sangmo, Jingdori, Ijeon, Guyeongja and Ibyeong. A person's social ranking and class could be discerned by the materials used in the Ipsik he wore. Jeongja, a decorative accessory used to attach to an official's hat, was institutionalized in the sixteenth year of King Gongmin's reign(1367), during the Goryeo Dynasty, prior to the founding of China's Ming Dynasty in 1368, which indicates that Jeongja were influenced by the Yuan Dynasty. A record in Lao Chi'ta (a textbook of spoken Chinese estimated circa 1346) confirms this fact. Based on a review of literature, we learn that just as with Ongno, Jeongja were imported for use on Jeonrip, a soldier's hat. During the Ching Dynasty, Jeongja were further subdivided and more exquisitely designed. On the other hand, in the Joseon Dynasty, a rule was handed down mandating that a royal prince use gold for his jeongja, officials at third rank or above use silver, and governors, commanders in chief, and officials with the Office of Inspector General and Office of Censor General use jade. Inspectors were permitted to use crystal. Jeongja made of jade were used until the late Joseon Dynasty.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.3.1-3.14
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• 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the interface between a calcium silicate cement (CSC), Biodentine and dental adhesives in terms of sealing ability. Materials and Methods: Microleakage test: 160 standardized class II cavities were prepared on 80 extracted human molars. The cavities were filled with Biodentine and then divided into 2 experimental groups according to the time of restoration: composite resin obturation 15 minutes after Biodentine handling (D0); restoration after 7 days (D7). Each group was then divided into 8 subgroups (n = 5) according to the adhesive system used: etch-and-rinse adhesive (Prime & Bond); self-etch adhesive 2 steps (Optibond XTR and Clearfil SE Bond); self-etch adhesive 1 step (Xeno III, G-aenial Bond, and Clearfil Tri-S Bond); and universal used as etch-and-rinse or self-etch (ScotchBond Universal ER or SE). After thermocycling, the teeth were immersed in a silver nitrate solution, stained, longitudinally sectioned, and the Biodentine/adhesive percolation was quantified. Scanning electron microscopic observations: Biodentine/adhesive interfaces were observed. Results: A tendency towards less microleakage was observed when Biodentine was etched (2.47%) and when restorations were done without delay (D0: 4.31%, D7: 6.78%), but this was not significant. The adhesives containing 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate monomer showed the most stable results at both times studied. All Biodentine/adhesive interfaces were homogeneous and regular. Conclusions: The good sealing of the CSC/adhesive interface is not a function of the system adhesive family used or the cement maturation before restoration. Biodentine can be used as a dentine substitute.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.337-343
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 색소 침투법을 이용한 5급 복합레진 수복물의 미세누출도와 주사전자 현미경을 이용한 변연적합도를 측정하고 두 방법 사이의 상관성을 평가하고자 하였다. 발거된 사람의 대구치 20개의 협면에 고속의 330번 버를 이용하여 5급 와동을 (백아법랑경계부를 중앙으로 가로 4 mm, 세로 3 mm, 깊이 1.5 mm) 형성하고, 평가시 참고점으로 사용하고자 1/2번 원형 버로 6개의 함몰부를 만들었다. 제조사의 지시에 따라 단일 단계의 올인원 접착제인 Xeno III로 치면을 처리한 다음, 미세혼합형 복합레진인 Esthet X로 단일 충전하였다. 시편을 식염수에 1일간 보관한 후 Sof-Lex 시스템으로 마무리 및 연마하였다. 이후 5도와 55도에서 1000회 열순환시킨 다음, 50%질산은 용액을 이용하여 침투시켰다. 실리콘 고무 인상재와 폴리우레탄 모형재로 수복물 주변의 레진 복제물을 제작하고 금도금한 다음 주사전자현미경으로 외부 및 내부 변연부의 변연적합도를 측정하였다. 또한 참고점을 기점으로 수복물을 3분한 다음, 미세누출도를 측정하였다. 내부 및 외부 변연적합도와 미세누출도 평가법 사이의 상관관계는 Spearman's rho test를 이용하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 미세누출도와 각각의 외부 및 내부 변연 적합도는 유의한 상관관계를 보였다 (p <0.01). 2.내부와 외부의 변연 적합도 사이에는 유의한 상관관계를 보이지 않았다.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.175-184
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• 2005

본 연구는 사용자 중심적 사고의 사회적 니즈에 대응하기 위한 방법으로 대두된 유니버설 디자인을 중심으로 디자인 표준화의 진행 동향에 대해 고찰하고, 도입 필요성에 대한 논의점을 제공한 것이다. 인간중심이자는 발상은 지나 온 산업사회에서의 경험과 자성을 통해 인간성의 매몰과 비인간화 경향을 극복하고, 보다 인간성의 함양과 인간의 자아실현을 위해 발현된 것이라 볼 수 있다. 오늘날의 표준화 의의는 품질 성능과 안전성이나 경제적 측면에 머물지 않고 인간의 다양성과 복지적인 시점에서의 배려가 요구되고 있으며, 디자이너들에게 중요한 단서나 지침을 제공해주는 기능이 주목되고 있다. 그동안 디자인 표준화는 자유로운 창의성에 제약이 된다는 디자인계의 우려 속에 표준화 도입에 대한 연구자들의 무관심으로 인해 디자인 관련 전반에 표준화 연구가 답보를 면치 못하고 있었다. 2001년 11월에 ISO/IEC Guide 71이 발행되면서 한국표준협회는 가이드를 내용 변경 없이 KS A ISO/IEC Guide71로서 제정하기에 이르렀으며, 기업 활동에 있어서 유니버설 디자인과 연동된 표준화의 진행은 점차 중요한 요인이 되어가고 있다. 그러나 규격화 또는 기준화에 의해 얻어지는 절대 다수를 위한 효용성과 호환성 등과 같은 이점은 크다 할 수 있으나, 유니버설디자인을 실현함에 있어서는 단지 표준화나 규준에 의거한 기준지상주의가 아닌, 사용자 체험과 니즈 그리고 인체특성과 불편요소 DB 등을 바탕으로 한 인간 중심의 디자인 마인드의 동반이 요구된다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.1050-1063
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• 2008

A movie is a fiction made on a basis of an author's and a writer's imagination, but all sorts of properties mixed with each other and most realistically expresses the era which becomes the background of a movie and acts as a carrier that connects designers with consumers. Thus, this study was carried out to review how the fashion products that designer's intention and commercial value added are expressed in collections by comparing and analysing the costumes in the movie "The Great Gatsby" that described the life of America's upper-class in 1920s and the 04 S/S Y&Kei collection which were proceeding after getting inspiration from this movie. For this, literature materials were inspected in order to make a theoretical review on social and cultural background and costumes history background in 1920s and the photo materials on movie costume were collected and analysed using DVD video captures, as well as the photo materials on 04 S/S Y&Kei were collected and analyzed through the institute providing domestic fashion information. The following conclusion was deduced through this study. First, in 1920s which becomes the background of this study, the slim shape of Flapper which looks like a young and boy became an ideal figure condition and the straight silhouette with low waist line and the short skirt that rose to knee was popular. Second, as a result of analysing movie costume by classifying it in silhouette, colors, and materials, straight silhouette of low waistline with a near colored - tone seen in the pastel series, including white, beige, pink, and gray was mainly constituted and the metal colors like silver and gold were used. As a material, chiffon, satin, velvet, flower patterned prints, and beads were used, which represented luxurious life of women in the upper classes. Third, as a result of comparing and analysing, it turned out that there was a similarity. However, in dress collection for a heroine, some dissimilarity differentiated from a movie costumes was found out in that the dresses in collection expressed moderate beauty and modernism and elegant beauty at the same time by matching a variety of materials and using black color.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.121-130
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• 1995

This project has been worked out for isolation of EPA-producing bacteria from marine source of sea water, sea sediment and intestinal contents eviscerated from some red-muscle fish such as mackerel, horse-mackerel and spike fish. The samples were precultured on the media of PPES-II glucose broth and then pure-cultured on Nutrient agar and P-Y-M glucose. Lipids extracted from those bacterial mass collected by centrifugation were analysed in terms of lipid class and fatty acid composition. The results are resumed as follows : 1. 112 strains from sea water and 76 strains from sea sediment were tested for their EPA producing capability, but both strains of (SA-67 and SA-91) from the former and four strains(SS-35, 37, 51 and 71) from the latter have been proved to produce EPA above the level of 2% of total fatty acids. The strains such as GS-11, 29, 31, HM-9, 29, B-18, 33, 107, YL-129, 156, 203, 77, 104 and 256 which were isolated from fish intestinal contents, have also produced EPA at higher level than 2% of total fatty acids. 2. Contents of total lipids extracted from the cultures of these strains grown at $25^{\circ}C$, range from 2.8% to 6.9% (on dry weight %), and they are mainly composed of polar lipids($40.9{\sim}52.9%$) such as phosphatidyl glycerol($^{+}cardiolipin$)(?) and phosphatidyl ethanolamine ($33.8{\sim}40.0%$), with smaller amount of free fatty acid ($11.2{\sim}20.2%$). 3. EPA was isolated from a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters obtained from the lipid of each strain by HPLC in silver-ion mode and was identified by GC-Mass spectrometry. 4. The strains of SW-91, GS-11, GS-29, HM-9, B-18 and YL-203 grown at $25^{\circ}C$ have a level of 5% EPA in their total fatty acids, and the GS-11 and HM-9 strains show a tendency of increase in the EPA level with an increase of growth temperature.