• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.45-56
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• 1998

대상 연약지반의 적절한 개량기술 선택과 개량 효과들을 평가, 관리하기 위해서는 현장 연약 점토지반 특성을 정확히 평가할 수 있는 적절한 현장 시험기법의 적용이 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 여러 현장시험 방법 중에 경제적이면서도 효과적인 것으로 알려져 국내에서 그 수요가 증가하고 있는 피에조 콘(piezocone)과 딜라토메터(dilatometer)를 이용하여 연약지반의 현장 물성을 평가하고 비교하였다. 연구결과 두 장비 모두 유사한 흙 분류 결과를 제공하였으나. 특히 간극수압으로부터 도출한 흙 분류 결과가 연약점토층 사이에 실트나 모래층 들이 산재한 우리나라 실정에 보다 적절하며 일관성 있는 결과를 주는 것으로 평가되었다. 점토층의 비배수 전단강도는 피에조 콘의 경우 간극수압과 선단저항력으로부터 도출된 간들이 유사하였고 딜라토메터로부터 추정된 비배수 전단강도는 피에조 콘의 두 관측 값으로 유추된 결과들의 평균간에 근접한 것으로 평가되었다. 그리고 실트 또는 모래층이 산재하는 경우 연약지반의 압밀특성을 평가하기 위해서는 관입과정에서 유발되는 소산효과를 고려한 이론적 시간계수가 보다 적절한 것으로 평가된다.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.17-26
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• 1996

본 연구에서는 아산만 지역의 해안 연약층에서 채취한 해성토의 거동을 자동화된 삼축실험기를 사용하여 비배수 상태하에서 실내실험과 모델예측을 수행하여 파괴전과 파괴상태시 응력-변형률 상태를 점토질 및 실트질 흙과 비교분석하였다. 채취한 해성토는 실트질 70%와 점토질 30%가 섞인 혼합토로 현장의 비교란 시료와 이를 재 성형한 시료의 2종류로 만들어 400kpa인 유효구속압력까지 등방압밀 시킨 후 압밀하중을 감소시키며 구속압이 각각 400, 200, 100, 67kpa인 경우에 비배수 상태로 삼축압축 및 인장실험을 하였다. 본 연구결과 모든 시료의 극한상태를 연결하면 일정한 파괴선에 도달하였으며 이때 파괴선은 순수점토나 실트에 비해서는 그 기울기에 차이가 있었다. 또한 정규압밀된 아산만 해성토에서는 전단초기에는 순수점토와 유사하게 전단하에서는 양의 간극수압이 발생하여 P'이 계속 감소하나 실트질에서 나타나는 상태변형선을 지나서는 체적팽창경향이 나타나며 전단강도가 증가하고 있다. 과압밀 시료는 체적변형 경향으로 순수실트와는 상당히 다른 거동을 보임을 알 수 있었다. 수정 Camflay모델 및 항복경계면 모델을 사용하여 예측한 결과 정규압밀된 경우에는 최대강도 이전까지는 실제거동을 적절히 예측할 수 있었으나 과압밀비$(2\leqOCR\leq6)$가 커질수록 그 거동에는 정량적인 차이를 보임을 알 수 있었다.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.71-79
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• 1999

The Hg, Cd, Cu, Mn, and Zn in bottom sediments of han river and their tributaries were analyzed to evaluate the seasonal variations of heavy metals. Leaching tests were also performed for estimation of availability of heavy metal retention in sediments. Sediments of Anyang stream showed the highest concentration of heavy metal in the sediment samples. Heavy metal concentration was heavily depended upon the heavy metal source of tributaries of han river and particle distribution. Clay and silt had higher concentration of heavy metals than very fine san and fine sand due to difference of retention capability of heavy metal. The highest concentration of heavy metal was observed in bottom sediments irrespective of sites investigated. Heavy metals and ignition loss showed positive relations, and higher relationships with p-value <0.01 were observed between copper and lead. copper and zinc, and depended on the pH condition of leaching test, and leachated fraction increased with decrease of the pH.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 세계 도시지반공학 심포지엄
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• pp.1435-1440
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• 2009

Geotechnical variability is a complex feature that results from many independent sources of uncertainties, and is mainly affected by inherent variability and measurement errors. This study evaluates the coefficient of variation (COV) of soil properties at Song-do region in Korea for evaluating inherent soil variability. Since soil variability is sensitive to soil layers and soil types, the COVs by soil layers (reclaimed layer and marine layer) and the COVs by soil types (clay and silt) were separately evaluated. It is observed that geotechnical variability of marine layer and clay is relatively smaller than that of reclamation layer and silt.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 1997년도 총회 및 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.79-82
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• 1997

토양내에서 오염유기물질이 불포화토양내에 유입될 때의 dispersion coefficient를 adsorption과 desorption과정에 대해 알아보았다. apparent dispersion coefficient를 측정하기 위해 일상적인 상대습도(46%)조건에서 parametric analysis를 행하였다. 실험에 사용된 토양은 fine sand와 silt-clay혼합시료였고, 흐름방향은 상향과 하향으로 하였다. 그리고, Freon gas를adsorbing solute로 사용하였다. 오염물질로는 DCM, TCE, DCB를 사용하였다. 분석을 위해서 linear와 probability scale의 breakthrough curve를 사용하였다. 공기에서의 diffusion coefficient의 예측을 위하여 Graham's law를 계산에 사용하였고, DCM diffusion coefficient는 0.098$\textrm{cm}^2$/s로 계산되었다. 연구결과, adsorption과 desorption의 속도는 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, diffusion이 flow regime을 좌우하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고, desorption에서의 D$^{a}$ D$^{o}$ 는 1보다 클수도 있다. 또한, dispersion은 silt-clay혼합시료에서의 속도와 함께 증가한다. dispersion은 Freon의 sorption방향에 크게 의존한다.

• 동굴
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• 제34권35호
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• pp.78-104
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• 1993

Analysis of one sinkhole, the Dodgeville sinkhole, developed in Ordovician dolostones in the Driftless Area of Wisconsin in the Upper Midwest'd Driftless Area reveals homogenous clayey sediment fills reflecting a range of dissolutional processes during the Quaternary or Pre-Quaternary. Granulometric analysis, graphical moments statistics, carbonate minerals, ana sand grain lithology were used to differentiate sinkhole sediment sources and modes of accumulation. Sediments in the dolostone sinkholes developed by dissolution. Sediments contain two major types of sediments : residual redish clay( autogenic sediments) and aeolian silt (allogenic sediments). The massive clay is generated from the weathered dolostone bedrocks as a in situ materials. The loessial silt is mostly derived from transportation of the surrounding surface materials, with some evidences of penetrated deposition. Unlike the collapsed sandstone sinkholes (Oh et al., 1993), dolostone sinkholes reveal homogenous, autogenic clay materials, and a geochemical composition indicative of in situ autogenic karstification. Dolostone sinkhole si1ts (26.9%) and sands (34.9%) are derived from weathered Plattevi1le-Galena dolostones, and contain high carbonate(37.5%), chert (57.2%) and lead ore (3%). Graphical moments statistics for sorting, skewness, and kurtosis indicate that sand grains from dolostones were derived entirely from local bedrock by in situ dissolution. Upper sinkhole sediments are pedagogically very young as carbonate is unleashed. Materials of the sinkhole sediment are definitely inherited from internal dolostones by dissolution and weathering, because not only a granulomatric comparison of dolostone and sandstone sediments demonstrates that they have heterogeneous paticle size distributions, but also 1ithologic analyses displays they differ completely.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.1005-1016
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• 2018

This paper presents an investigation on the properties of two types of cement kiln dust (CKD)-stabilized dredged sediments, silt and clay with a comparison to hydrated lime stabilization. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and California bearing ratio (CBR) tests were conducted to examine the optimal stabilizer content and classify the type of highway material. A strength development model of treated dredged sediments was performed. The influences of various stabilizer types and sediment types on UCS were interpreted with the aid of microstructural observations, including X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analysis. The results of the tests revealed that 6% of lime by dry weight can be suggested as optimal content for the improvement of clay and silt as selected materials. For CKD-stabilized sediment as soil cement subbase material, the use of 8% CKD was suggested as optimal content for clay, whereas 6% CKD was recommended for silt; the overall CBR value agreed with the UCS test. The reaction products calcium silicate hydrate and ettringite are the controlling mechanisms for the mechanical performance of CKD-stabilized sediments, whereas calcium aluminate hydrate is the control for lime-stabilized sediments. These results will contribute to the use of CKD as a sustainable and novel stabilizer for lime in highway material applications.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.857-868
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• 2019

A flooded rice field is one of the significant sources of anthropogenic methane (CH₄) with the intensity of the emissions dependent on management practices. Incorporation of rice straw, which is one of the organic amendments, induces the increase of methane emissions during the flooding season. In this study, we measured of methane emission according to applications of rice straw in different soil textures during a cultivation period in 2017 and 2018. The fallow treatments were non application of rice straw (NA), spring plowing after spring spreading of rice straw (SPSA), spring plowing after previous autumn spreading of rice straw (SPAA), and autumn plowing after previous autumn spreading of rice straw (APAA). The SPSA treatment emitted the highest total methane from loam soil in both 2017 (596.7 CH₄ kg ha^-1) and 2018 (795.4 CH₄ kg ha^-1). The same trend was observed in silt clay loam soil; the SPSA treatment still emitted the highest amount of methane in both 2017 (845.9 CH₄ kg ha^-1) and 2018 (1,071.7 CH₄ kg ha^-1). The lowest emission among the rice straw incorporated plots came from the APAA treatment for both soil texture types in all the seasons. The conversion factors of the SPAA were 0.79 and 0.65 from the loam and silt clay loam soils, respectively. Relatedly, the conversion factors of the APAA were 0.71 and 0.43 from the loam and silt clay loam soils, respectively. The above observations mean therefore that incorporation of rice straw early in the fallow reduces methane emissions in the main rice growing season.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.399-404
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• 2014

Soil moisture is an important factor for the availability and circulation of nutrients in arable soil. The purpose of this study was to set thresholds moisture content on soil nitrate concentration in the solution for real-time diagnosis. Sandy loam, silt loam, and sandy loam was filled with $1.2g\;cm^{-3}$ at Wagner pots, 0, 100, and $200mg\;L^{-1}$ of $KNO_3$ was saturated. Nitrate in standard solution was recovered about 95% by passing the porous cup. Nitrate concentrations in sampling of soil solution were examined by using a porous cup. The soil solution was higher in accordance with sandy loam> silt loam> clay loam, limited water filled pore space for sampling soil solution was 33.7, 56.4, and 62.2%, respectively. Nitrate concentration in the soil solution was negligible at sandy loam and silt loam during sampling periods, which was decreased about 50~82% in clay loam compared to the initial $NO_3$-N concentration in the saturated $KNO_3$ solution. Over limitation of soil solution sampling, soil EC and $NO_3$-N content were increased with the saturated $NO_3$-N concentration, regardless of soil texture (p<0.05). Conclusively, soil solution by using a porous cup was possible, regardless of the soil texture, which was useful for the diagnosis in nitrate concentration of soil solution. However, because nitrate concentration of soil solution in a clay loam changes, it was necessary for careful attention in order to take advantage for the real-time diagnosis of nitrogen management in soil.

• 광물과 암석
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.153-163
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• 2020

우리나라 제4기 고환경 변화 특성 규명을 위하여 수원시의 편마암 및 화강암 풍화대를 피복하는 적갈색 점토-실트 퇴적물 2개 단면(~3.5 m)에 대하여 광물 및 지화학 분석을 실시하였다. 퇴적층은 광물조성과 화학조성의 수직 변화를 기준으로 4개의 퇴적층(Unit 1-4)으로 구분되었다. 최하부 Unit 1은 K-장석 함량이 높은 사질 퇴적물로서 기반암 풍화물의 기여도가 높다. Unit 2는 전이층이며, Unit 3은 적갈색 점토-실트질 퇴적물로서 총점토 함량이 평균 58%이며, 주요 점토광물은 일라이트-스멕타이트 혼합층 광물과 수산기삽입질석/스멕타이트이다. Unit 3에는 사장석이 거의 함유되어 있지 않은 반면에, 그 풍화물인 고령토 광물의 함량이 다른 층들보다 높다. Unit 4는 전반적 광물조성과 화학적 특성이 Unit 3과 유사하나, 사장석과 녹니석의 함량이 더 높고 고령토 광물의 함량은 더 낮다. 단면내 화학성분 변화를 국내 타지역 적갈색 점토-실트층과 비교한 결과, Unit 3과 4는 풍성퇴적물의 범위에 포함되었다. 이 지역 퇴적 단면에서 고환경변화는 다음과 같이 해석된다. 기반암인 편마암과 화강암 풍화물이 침식되어 주변부에 사질 퇴적물로 퇴적되어 하부층(Unit 1, 2)을 이루고, 그 위에 빙하기의 점토-실트질 풍성퇴적물층(Unit 3)이 퇴적되었다. Unit 3은 간빙기의 풍화작용으로 풍화되어 전체적으로 적갈색 토양화되었다. 그 후 다시 빙하기로 접어들면서 최상부에 풍성퇴적물층(Unit 4)이 퇴적되었다.