• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제2권
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• pp.1-31
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• 1962

본 연구는 견사중의 Cystine 성분을 가잠전과정을 통하여 기존재를 확인하고 견사구조중에서 cross linkage를 조성하고 있음을 확인하는데 있으며 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. Cystine 결정체를 Folin 씨 방법으로 견사로부터 분리하였다. 2. 견사 및 그와 관련있는 과정에서 Sullivan 씨 방법으로 다음과 같이 분석하였다. 시료 Cystine 함유량 ％ A. 상엽단백질 0.175 B.잠란 0.33 C. 잠체 (탈지, 숙잠, 견사선제외) 0.41 D. 견사선 (숙잠) 1.23 E. 잠 0.0 F. 잠통 (탈지) 0.30 G. 잠아 (탈지) 0.60 H. 생계 0.22 I. Fibroin 0.175 J. Sericin 0.30 3. 잠체내의 Cystine 존재는 상엽에서 0.175%, 견사선에서 0.12%의 Methionine을 확인함으로 생화학적의의와 더불어 재확인하였다. 4. 견사선내의 Sulfhydryl 화합물은 Sericin과 Methionine으로 전환하는 동시에 전자는 액상견으로 분비되어 견사를 구성하고 후자는 영양목적으로 견사선세포 육성에 사용되는 것으로 믿어진다. 5. Cystine 성분량은 상품종, 잠품종, 자웅성, 육종과정과 사육환경에 따라 변화한다. 6. 잡종강세로 육성된 교잡종은 원잠종보다 효과적인 성장을 위하여 더욱 많은 영양성 아미노산을 필요로 한다. 7. 여기한 관찰을 통하여 견사중 아미노산조성은 어느정도 변화하는 것이며 Cystine은 섬유의 무정형부분 특히 Sericin에 함유되고 있다. 8. 순수한 Cystine 또는 양모 Cystine을 첨식한 결과 하등의 이익점을 초래하지 못하였음으로 상엽중에 함유되어있는 Cystine과 Methionine 함유량은 잠아의 영양생리에 충분한 것으로 보인다. 9. 견사중의 disulfide cross linkage는 Harris 씨 방법과 여러가지 염류와 산에 의한 수축현상으로 확인하였고 양모와 대조하여 시험하였다. 10. 본 연구중 견사의 사상구조와 액상견의 입망상구조를 현미경으로 포착하였다. 액상견의 입망상은 입상 peptide의 OH ion과 물의 H ion의 인력관계로 형성되고 있다는 것을 기 film의 배열상태로 고찰하게 되었고 상엽단백질의 입망상은 견사의 사상형성에 적당한 사료임을 보이고 있다. 11. 본 논문을 통한 Cystine 존재는 비록 그 량이 적지마는 견사중의 Cystine 전무에 대한 종래관념을 전환시킬 것이다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.65-74
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• 1979

In order to observe the contents of some essential amino acids in Korean foods, total and free tryptophan, and available lysine in fifty kinds of Korean foods were analyzed by the sfectrophotometry. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1) The tryptophan contents per 100g of soybean, wet green laver and skim milk were over 250 mg, and the contents Per g nitrogen in ginger, dried persimmon and chestnut were over 150 mg. 2) The free tryptophan contents per 100 g of soybean, small red bean, dried persimmon, ginseng stem were over 100 mg, ana the contents per g nitrogen in dried persimmon was over 150 mg. 3) The available lysine contents Per 100g of soybean, wet green laver and skim milk, fish(auchovy), dried yeast, casein and silkworm pupa were over 1000 mg, and the contents per g nitrogen in potato, perilla(wild sesame), red pepper, sausage and skim milk were over 300mg. 4) The contents of tryptophan and available lysine in soybean, green laver and skim milk were higher than in other samples. 5) In general, the contents of tryptophan and available lysine were abundant in seaweeds.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.128-134
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• 2014

Nesolynx thymus Girault (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is one among 20 hymenopteran parasitoids reported to attack the uzi fly, Exorista bombycis, which in turn infests the silkworm, Bombyx mori accounting a cocoon yield loss of 10-20%. A host of factors viz., age and size of host, age and size of parasitoid, availability of host, temperature and quality of host are reported to influence the reproductive efficiency of the parasitoids. In the present study an attempt was made to record the influence of foraging parasitoid density on their reproductive performance. Three day-old uzi pupae were offered to varying numbers (1 - 10) of 2 day old Nesolynx thymus adults for parasitization. The progeny production per pupa (84.44 - 132.77) increased significantly with increase in the number of foraging parasitoid adults (1 - 10) however, progeny production per female decreased. The sex ratio (M : F) (1:25.49 - 1:1.53) decreased significantly with increase in foraging parasitoid adults. The morphometric parameters except female abdomen width of first generation parasitoid showed significant negative correlation with number of foraging adults. However, correlation between the parasitoid size in first generation and their reproductive performance was nonsignificant.

• 식품과학과 산업
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2016

The reasons for selecting insects as future food are high growth and feed conversion rates, reproduce quickly, low environmental footprint, valuable source of nutrients, and source of a various undeveloped functional materials. Since 2014, Tenebrio molitor larva, Protaetia brevitarsis larva, Allomyrina dichotoma larva, and Gryllus bimaculatus were registered as new food in Korea because it has been scientifically proven that they are not harmful to eat and nutritious. Therefore they can be legally produced and sold as food. Accordingly, there are 7 species of edible insects including grasshopper, silkworm pupa, and Baekgangjam in Korea. To improve aversion to edible insects, using their powder, chop, and gravy hidden their morphology, we developed more than 100 different kinds of recipes for general food menu, held several times tasting events to be familiar with edible insect food, and published cookbooks. Moreover, we developed more than 50 kinds of recipes for patients. To eat the insect food more and more people, we have been analyzed various function of insects. If health food based on the results of functional analysis is developed, edible insect's value will be raised. If various insect foods are developed and consumed by people, edible insect market will grow up more than 100 billion won in 2020.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.207-216
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• 2021

Supplement of high-protein food plays an important role in improving the symptoms of malnutrition and the immune capacity of the body, but the association of high-protein diet and gut microbiota remained unaddressed. Here, we systematically analyzed the internal organs and gut microbiota in C57(WT) or PD-1H-depleted (KO) mice (T cells were activated) fed with pupae or feed for six weeks. We observed that the body weight gain in the mice fed with pupae increased less significantly than that of the feed group, while the villi and small intestine lengths in the pupa group were reduced compared with that of mice given feed. However, the average body weight of the KO mice increased compared with that of the WT mice fed with pupae or feed. Pupae increased the concentration of blood glucose in WT, but not in KO mice. Moreover, in the feed group, there was no difference in the weight of the internal organs between the WT and KO mice, but in the pupae-fed group, liver weight was decreased and spleen weight was increased compared with that of KO mice. The amounts/plural/amounts of Melainabacteria, Chloroflexi, and Armatimonadetes were specifically upregulated by pupae, and this upregulation was weakened or eliminated by PD-1H depletion. Some bacteria with high abundance in the feed-fed KO mice, such as Deferribacteres, Melainabacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes and Verrucomicrobia, were decreased in pupae-fed KO mice, and Proteobacteria and Deinococcus were specifically enriched in pupae-fed KO mice. Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Akkermansia were associated with weight loss in the pupae-fed group while Lachnospiraceae and Anaerobiospirillum were related glucose metabolism and energy consumption. Based on high-throughput sequencing, we discovered that some gut bacteria specifically regulated the metabolism of a high-protein diet, and PD-1H deficiency improved life quality and sustained blood glucose. Moreover, PD-1H responses to high-protein diet through modulating the type and quantity of gut bacteria. These findings provide evidence about the association among gut microbiota, T cell activation (for PD-1H depletion) and high-protein diet metabolism, have important theoretical significance for nutrition and health research.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.335-345
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• 2009

살선충 활성을 지닌 4종의 약용식물 원화(팥꽃나무: Daphne genkwa), 정향(Eugenia caryophyllata), 사군자(Quisqualis indica) 및 건강(생강: Zingiber officinale)과 살비활성을 가진 흑축(나팔꽃: Pharbitis nil), 창이자(도꼬마리: Xanthium strumarium), 청주항(된장풀: Desmodium caudatum) 추출물을 이용하여 천적 미생물인 곤충병원성 선충 [Steinernema carpocapsae 포천계통(ScP)과 Heterorhabditis sp. 경산계통(HG)], 유용곤충인 누에(Bombyx mori) 및 환경지표종인 먼지벌레(Synuchus sp.)에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 실내 X-plate에서 한약재 추출물 5,000 ppm 처리에서는 원화의 경우 두 선충 모두 처리 3일 후 100% 치사되었고, HG는 정향과 사군자 처리에서 100% 치사되었다. 1,000 ppm농도에서는 두 선충 모두 처리 2일 후까지 10% 이하의 낮은 치사율을 보였으며 원화 처리에서 HG선충이 62.8%의 치사율을 보였다. Sand column 검정에서 1,000 ppm 농도의 한약재 추출물 처리는 ScP 선충의 생존과 병원성에 차이를 보이지 않았으나 HG선충은 정향 추출물 처리에서 가장 낮은 병원성을 보여 0.5마리의 꿀벌부채명나방 유충만을 치사시켰다. 원화, 정향, 사군자, 흑축, 창이자, 건강이 누에의 생존에 미치는 영향에서는 원화 추출물을 처리한 뽕잎을 급상한 처리구에서는 급상 3일 후에 20%의 치사율을 보였고, 10일째에는 모든 누에가 치사되어 고치와 번데기를 형성하지 못하였다. 누에의 체중도 원화 처리구에서 가장 낮았으며 원화 처리를 제외한 모든 추출물 처리에서는 누에 번데기의 무게와 고치무게가 무처리구와 차이가 없었다. 원화, 정향, 사군자, 흑축, 건강은 먼지벌레에 영향을 미치지 않았다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제7권
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• pp.49-52
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• 1967

가잠의 원종 및 교잡종에 있어서 감잠비율의 증감에 따른 자웅잠 생존율의 성차를 알고저 66년 하기와 추기사육에서 얻은 47, 68구를 원료로 하여 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 원종중 일본종인 모단과 동교잡종모단$\times$대동에서는 감잠비율의 증감이 자웅차에 아무런 영향이 없었으므로 종전처럼 웅잠이 반듯이 자잠보다 강하다고는 할 수 없다. 2. 원종중 중국종, 대동에 있어서는 감잠비율이 많은 구일수록 웅용의 생존비율이 증가되며 그 정도는 y=0.233x＋41.67(y : 웅용생존율)이었다. 3. 이상의 결과로서 적어도 중국종 견질조사상 자웅견동수를 채취 조사하는 현행방법은 잠작에 따라 보정하여 줘야만 모집단의 치에 접근된다고 있다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.16-20
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• 2000

The aqueous extract from the cultural mycelium of Paecilomyces japonica showed cytotoxicity against several tumor cells including Jurkat, U937, HL-60, HepG2, BW5147.G.1.4, and NIH3T3. When the aqueous extract was fractionated by sequential organic solvent extractions using n-hexane and ethyl acetate, the ethyl acetate fraction appeared to contain the most cytotoxic activity, and the $IC_{50}$ values for various tumor cells were in the range from 1.5 to $10.0{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/ml$. To elucidate the cellular mechanism underlying the induced cytotoxicity, the apoptotic DNA fragmentation along with the cell cycle proression was examined in Jurkat T cells following the ethyl acetate fraction treatment. In the presence of $2.5{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/ml$ of the ethyl acetate fraction, apoptotic DNA fragmentation of the cells was detected within 1 h and increased upto 24 h in a time-dependent manner. Under the same conditions, a sub-G1 peak was detectable by flow cytometry. These results indicate that the cytotoxic effect of P. japonica on tumor cells is attributable to the induced apoptosis.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.25-30
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• 1973

1973년(年) 7월(月) 서울특별시내(特別市內) Smoke통닭 공장(工場)에서 얻은 이병닭 폐(肺)에서 Aspergilli를 분리(分離)할 수 있었고 또 C-source 및 N-source의 배양조건(培養條件)을 실험(實驗)한 결과(結果) 다음과 같은 결론(結論)을 얻었다. 1. Aspergillus fumigatus group에 속(屬)한 1 strain을 분리(分離) 하였다. 2. 분리용(分離用) 배지(培地)로서는 Czapek agar에 누에, 메주를 4g씩 첨가(添加)한 것이 과거 Austuwick(1962)가 보고한 2% malt extract agar medium보다 양호하였다. 3. 배양(培養)에 있어서 C-source는 종류(種類)와 양(量)에 따라 생장율과 sporulation의 차(差)가 많았고 20%에서 생장율이 떨어겼다. N-source에서는 종류(種類)에 따라 생장율의 차가 생기나 양(量)에 따라서는 생장율의 차(差)가 거의없고 다만 mycelium과 sporulation에서 차(差)가 생겼다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.790-804
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• 2024

This study compared the physicochemical properties of edible insect oils from silkworm (Bombyx mori) pupa (SP), sago palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) larva (PW), and bamboo caterpillar (Omphisa fuscidentalis; BC) to oils from chicken skin (CK), beef back fat (BF), pork back fat (PF), salmon belly (SB), sea bass belly (BB), coconut (C), and peanut (P). The fatty acid profiles and thermal behaviors (crystallization and melting) of the extracted oils were evaluated. PW and BC oils had more saturated fatty acids (SFAs) than CK, PF, SB, BB, and P oils. SP oil had equivalent SFA content to CK and BB oils. Insect oils exhibited similar monounsaturated fatty acid concentrations in all samples, except C oils. PW and BC oils exhibited a higher content of palmitoleic acid than the other oils. SP oils contained polyunsaturated fatty acids similar to those in SB and BB oils, which were higher than those in PW, BC, CK, BF, and PF oils. SP oil also exhibited the highest concentration of α-linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3). Arachidonic acid (0.01-0.02 g/100 g) in all insect oils was lower level compared to CK, BF, PF, SB, and BB oils. SP oil (0.03 g/100 g) exhibited a slightly higher level of eicosapentaenoic acid compared to PW (0.01 g/100 g) and BC (0.01 g/100 g) oils. The insect oils were liquid at ambient temperature, solid below -15℃, and required less energy (∆H_m-max) for melting than other samples. This study indicated that insects, particularly SP, could serve as an alternative source of fat to meet its growing demand.