• Title/Summary/Keyword: Silkworm hybrid

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Biochemical Performance and Quantitative Assessment of F1 Hybrid of Two Ecoraces of Tropical Tasar Silkworm Antheraea Mylitta Drury (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)

  • Lokesh, Gangadharaiah;Tirkey, Sushma Rani;Srivastava, Ashok Kumar;Kar, Prasant Kumar;Sinha, Manoj Kumar
    • International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.67-73
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    • 2013
  • Antheraea mylitta Drury is basically a crossbreeding species, as such it seems to be potentially a good material for the exploitation of heterosis. In the present study F1 hybrid of wild ecorace Laria (L) and semi-domestic Daba (D) was raised and evaluated for various quantitative traits and biochemical parameters during larval stage. Improved fecundity ($+18{\pm}1.8%$ and higher egg hatching rate ($+10.96{\pm}1.3%$) was recorded in the F1hybrid ($L{\times}D$). Biochemical parameters studied in the hemolymph, midgut and fatbody of the larva showed significantly higher (P<0.05) total proteins and carbohydrate concentration besides digestive enzyme activity. Correspondingly SDS-PAGE revealed more number of protein bands in the hemolymph sample of F1s, ranging between 29 kDa to 66 kDa compared to parental lines. The present study demonstrates the positive heterosis effect in the F1 hybrid of Laria ${\times}$ Daba. Biochemical analysis indicates that, there is possibilities of exploitation of hybrids with specific parents targeted for desirable commercial traits (silk yield and fecundity). Moreover, most of these biochemical parameters can be used as markers to analyze the genetic improvement in the tasar silkworms.

Identification of Productive Mulberry Silkworm Hybrids Resistant to Densonucleosis Virus Type 1 (BmDNV1)

  • Rao, P. Sudhakara;Nataraju B.;Balavenkatasubbaiah M.;Dandin S.B.
    • International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.109-112
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    • 2006
  • The use of commercial silkworm hybrids resistant to important silkworm diseases is economical and better option particularly in tropical areas. This necessitated the evolution of productive bivoltine silkworm breeds non-susceptible to $BmDNV_1$. Non-susceptibility to $BmDNV_1$, infection was found to be controlled by a single recessive gene, nsd-l or a dominant gene, Nid-l. A major dominant/recessive gene confers resistance to $BmDNV_1$, from potent donor parents have been transferred to 10 productive but susceptible bivoltine silkworm strains through conventional breeding methods. By utilizing these breeds prepared 25 hybrids $(5{\times}5)$ and hybrid evaluation was carried out to identify most promising hybrids resistant to $BmDNV_1$. All these hybrids are inoculated with $BmDNV_1$ inoculum along with productive control hybrid $CSR2{\times}CSR4$ and reared under standard rearing procedure. Based on inoculated rearing and test reeling results, two most promising hybrids $(CSR18DR{\times}CSR29DR\;and\;CSR21DR{\times}CSR50DR)$ were selected for commercial exploitation. The selected hybrids have shown a survival rate of >85% with productive traits, where as control hybrid have shown 11.1% survival with inferior cocoon traits. The methodologies adopted were discussed.

Identification of Superior Polyvoltine Hybrids (polyvoltine${\times}$bivoltine) of Silkworm, Bombyx mori L.

  • Rao, C.G.P.;Chandrashekharaiah;Basha, K.Ibrahim;Seshagiri, S.V.;Ramesh, C.;Nagaraju, H.
    • International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.43-49
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    • 2004
  • Ten promising polyvoltine mulberry silkworm strains(SDMGl, SDMG2, SDMG3, SDMG4, SDMWl, SDMW2, RMWl, RMW2, RMW3 and RMW4) that are superior in quantitative and qualitative traits have been synthesized in the polyvoltine breeding laboratory of Andhra Pradesh State Sericulture Research & Development Institute, Hindupur through systematic hybridization and appropriate selection methods. After the genotypes were found homozygous for the desired traits, they have been crossed with 3 bivoltine testers $(APS8, APS4 and {NB_2}{D_4})$ and thirty new hybrid combinations were developed for the assessment of their hybrid performance. Phenotypic expressions of economically important quantitative and qualitative traits of fist filial generation were measured and subjected for statistical analysis. Evaluation Index and Subordinate Function methods were employed for the assessment of hybrid performance since they are widely used in silkworm hybrid evaluation. Total of seven poly${\times}$bivoltine combinations, which ranked high in both the methods, were selected as potential combinations for further field test. These combinations also ranked significantly higher than the control hybrid (APMl${\times}$APS8).

Expression of Heterotic Genetic Interaction among Multivoltine Recurrent Backcross/Congenic Lines for Higher Shell Weight of Silkworm, Bombyx mori L.

  • Verma, A.K.;Chattopadhyay, G.K.;Sengupta, M.;Sengupta, A.K.;Das, S.K.;Urs, S.Raje
    • International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.21-27
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    • 2003
  • Manifestation of heterotic genetic interaction was studied in different hybrids made between multivoltine recurrent backcross (RBL)/congenic lines (Con. L) during unfavourable season when temperature and relative humidity are > $30^{\circ}C$ and 86%, respectively. A few number of silkworm race or strain or breed like Nistari (N + p or Np) can sustain the temperature above 3$0^{\circ}C$ and RH above 86%. The present heterosis study screened a hybrid i.e., CB$_{5}$Lm5RBL1M$_{6}$DPC-LmE$^1$RBL and its reciprocal provided heterobeltiotic effect on survival by number and pupation rate at a magnitude of 20% (p < 0.01) and yield by weight of 10% (p < 0.01). Beside all the hybrids expressed heterosis over check - Nistari (N + p) with better quality silk. Therefore, aforesaid hybrid may be useful for utilization at commercial level during adverse seasons of West Bengal.gal.

Mineral Compositions in the Feces of Some Silkworms

  • Kim, Iksoo;Kang, Pil-Don;Jang, Sung-Kee;Ryu, Kang-Sun;Kim, Doh-Hoon
    • International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.75-78
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    • 2003
  • This study was carried out to investigate the mineral content of the feces of the $5^th$ instar larvae in a few silkworm species such as a parent domestic silkworm (Jam134), a hybrid (Kumok-jam), the Japanese oak silkworm, and the Chinese oak silkworm. The major minerals of all silkworms throughout all $5^th$ instar larval period are K, P, Mg and Ca, and the result is consistent with the previous study of the mineral content in the mulberry leaves. Although the calcium content decreased sharply at $7^th$ day of the $5^th$ instar, the crude protein content significantly increased at the same age in both domestic silkworms, suggesting a direct relationship between feeding behavior of the silkworms at the larval period and mineral/protein contents. However, this trend was not observed in both oak silkworms. In the comparison of the mineral content among silkworm species, two domestic silkworms were significantly higher in the calcium content compared with two oak silkworms, and the hybrid Kumok-jam was further higher significantly than the feces of parental Jam 143. Excluding the calcium content, overall no significant content variation in other minerals was observed among four silkworm species studied in this study.

Effect of Juvenile Hormone Analogue(JHA) on the Leading Silkworm Parents and their Hybroid Stocks (유약호르몬류(JHA) 처리에 대한 누에 장려 원종 및 교잡종 간의 감수성 비교)

  • Seol, Gwang-Yeol;Hong, Seong-Jin;Seong, Su-Il
    • Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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    • v.37 no.2
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    • pp.114-120
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    • 1995
  • The effect of juvenile hormone analogue(JHA, Manina) on larval feeding duration, pupation ratio, cocoon weight, and cocoon shell weight in the present commercial parent and hybrid silkworm stocks were investigated. Topical applications of JHA on parent silkworm stocks were to prolong larval duration, but results of response on those stocks were not consistent. Especially the JHA on Jam 121, Jam 123 and Jam 138 did not play a role in larval duration, whereas that on Jam 114 was most effective in prolongation more than two days, compared with the controls. subsequent prolongation of feeding duration resulted in increase of cocoon weight and cocoon shell weight of most parent silkworm stocks, while Jam 114 showed decrease in cocoon weight and cocoon shell weight in spite of prolonged feeding duration of two days. Unlike the parent silkworm stocks, durations of feeding period in all hybrid silkworm stocks were prolonged about one day. Treatments of JHA on the hybrid stocks gave rise to increase of cocoon weight and cocoon shell weight, and especially were most effective in Sasung-jam, Eunbaek-jam and Samgwang-jam. Although treatments of JHA seemed to have no harmful effect on physiology of parent silkworm stocks as well as that of hybrid stocks, the JHA retarded pupation ratio of some parent silkworm stocks such as Jam 122, 131, 135 and 138 by about 10%.

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Development of New Robust Bivoltine Silkworm Hybrid $SR2{\times}SR5$ for Rearing throughout the Year

  • Rao, P. Sudhakara;Nayaka, A. R. Narasimha;Mamatha, M.;Sowmyashree, T. S.;Bashir, Ifat;Ilahi, Irfan
    • International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.93-97
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    • 2007
  • A Silkworm breeding programme was designed to develop a robust but productive bivoltine silkworm hybrid of Bombyx mori L. suitable for rearing throughout the year in tropical climate by utilizing indigenous polyvoltine and productive bivoltine breeds. The breeding was carried out under high temperature ($36^{\circ}C{\pm}1^{\circ}C$) and low humidity ($50{\pm}5%$) conditions in the environmental chamber. By $F_{12}$, three oval and three dumbbell breeds were isolated with higher survival and productive merits. These breeds were utilized in the hybrid evaluation along with other popular breeds. Based on combining ability test results, the hybrid $SR_2{\times}SR_5$ was selected for large scale testing and evaluated in different seasons. The evaluation studies indicated that the hybrid has higher viability and productive merits and it is suitable to rear throughout the year. The hybrid $SR_2{\times}SR_5$ recorded a survival of 92.0%, cocoon shell weight of 0.417 g, cocoon shell percentage of 23.0 and a filament length of 1042 meters under hot and dry conditions of environmental chamber compared to the control thermo-tolerant hybrid $CSR18{\times}CSR19$.

Development of New Productive Bivoltine Silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) Hybrid, $APS_{83}$ $\times$ APS$_{102}$

  • Ramesh Babu M.;Lakshmi H.;Prasad J.;Seetharamulu Seetharamulu;Chandrashekharaiah J.
    • International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.27-36
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    • 2005
  • Successful silkworm breeding attempts were made at Andhra Pradesh State Sericulture Research and Development Institute (APSSRDI), Hindupur, India in developing productive bivoltine silkworm hybrids. One hundred hybrid combinations involving 10 parents (five each of oval and peanut) were evaluated in complete diallel pattern and identified the combination APS$_{83}$ $\times$ APS$_{102}$ as most promising. This hybrid showed economic merit for the characters fecundity (524 eggs/laying), pupation percentage (96.0$\%$), cocoon yield per 10,000 larvae by weight (19.0 kg), cocoon weight (1.85 g), shell weight (41.7 cg), shell ratio (22.5$\%$), filament length (1,004 m), reelability (88.4$\%$), raw silk recovery (18.4$\%$) and neatness (92 point) over the control hybrid APS$_{9}$ $\times$ APS$_{8}$ The breeding process and identification of APS$_{83}$ $\times$ APS$_{102}$ is discussed in the paper.

Modifications of heterobeltiosis, heterosis, and hybrid vigour over check parent formulae to enhance judgment on hybrids

  • Ghazy, Usama M.;Fouad, Tahia A.
    • International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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    • v.42 no.2
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    • pp.33-45
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    • 2021
  • Many researchers are using the heterosis, heterobeltiosis and hybrid vigour over check parent value formulae to determine the hybrid vigour for animals, plants and silkworm breeding. These formulae are ideal for determine the hybrid vigour for the positive direction of single trait. It is difficult using these formulae for multiple traits. Suggested modification for cardinal formulae were made as well as suggestion new formula for determines hybrid vigour for multiple traits. Modifications of hybrid vigour were made to facilitate judgment of best hybrids under study for multiple traits. Nineteen local hybrids of mulberry silkworm were prepared for these investigations in addition the imported Bulgarian hybrid. Comparison between the cardinal and the modifications formulae were applied for thirteen economic characters. Nine positive and four negative direction characters were observed. Modified formulae make the judgment of heterobeltiosis, heterosis and hybrid vigour over check parent value very facilitate for positive and negative traits.

Influence of Different Environmental Conditions on Cocoon Parameters and Their Effects on Reeling Performance of Bivoltine Hybrids of Silkworm, Bombyx mori. L.

  • Gowda B. Nanje;Reddy N. Mal
    • International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.15-21
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    • 2007
  • Three newly authorized bivoltine silkworm hybrids namely, $CSR2{\times}CSR4$ (productive single hybrid), $(CSR6{\times}CSR26){\times}(CSR2{\times}CSR27)$ (productive double hybrid) and $CSR18{\times}CSR19$ (robust single hybrid) were chosen for the present study. These hybrids were subjected to different temperature and humidity treatments i.e., $25{\pm}$1^{\circ}C and RH $65{\pm}5%$ (control), $30{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, with combinations of low relative humidity (RH $65{\pm}5%$) and high RH ($85{\pm}5%$) at different stages during rearing and spinning of silkworm larvae. The larvae of after 3rd moult were subjected to different thermal and humidity stress till the assessment of cocoon traits. The comparative rearing and reeling performance clearly indicated that the deleterious effect of high temperature and high RH was more pronounced for the majority of traits such as cocoon uniformity, cocoon weight, shell weight, shell percentage, reelability, filament length, raw silk percentage raw silk recovery denier and waste percentage on silk weight than other temperature and RH treatments and this effect was almost similar for all three silkworm hybrids studied. The present investigation clearly indicate that the deleterious effect of high temperature and high RH was more pronounced on rearing and spinning of silkworm larvae than other temperature and RH treatments and similar effect was noticed for all the three silkworm hybrids studied. The cocoon characters can be improved by providing ideal environmental conditions even during spinning stage of larvae affected with high temperature and RH. The study also suggest that high temperature and low humidity has greater effect during rearing stage than spinning stage.