• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.593-600
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• 2016

본 연구는 알칼리 활성화된 다성분계 시멘트에서 카올린(kaolinite, KA)의 효과에 다른 강도 특성에 관한 것이다. 연구에는 고로슬래그 미분말(GGBFS), 플라이애시(FA), 실리카 퓸(SF) 그리고 카올린(KA)을 결합재로 사용하였다. 시험체는 20% ~ 70% GGBFS, 10% ~ 60% FA, 10% SF(고정 비율) 그리고 10% ~ 50% KA의 범위로 혼합하였다. 물/결합재 비는 0.5이다. 결합재는 수산화나트륨(NaOH)과 규산나트륨($Na_2SiO_3$)을 전체 결합재(GGBFS + FA + SF + KA) 중량의 10% (10% NaOH + 10% $Na_2SiO_3$)비율로 사용하였다. 실험은 압축강도, 물 흡수율, 초음파 속도, 건조수축과 X-ray diffraction (XRD)를 수행하였다. 압축강도는 KA의 양이 증가할수록 감소하였다. 강도감소의 중요한 원인중 하나는 GGBFS 또는 FA와 비교하여 KA의 낮은 활성화 때문이다. 수화가 진행되는 동안 KA는 완전하게 반응하지 않았다. 또한 KA의 양이 증가할수록 UPV는 모든 시험체에서 감소하였다. 건조수축과 물 흡수율은 KA의 양이 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. 이러한 시험결과를 통해 다성분계 시멘트의 강도 특성은 KA와 GGBFS의 양에 큰 영향을 받는 것을 확인하였다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제29권1A호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 혼합 콘크리트의 염소이온 고정화 능력, 수화물의 부식 억제 능력(Buffering capacity) 및 모르타르 내 철근 부식 측정을 통하여 콘크리트 내 철근 부식의 임계 염소이온 농도를 도출하였다. 실험 시 결합재로서 보통 포틀랜드 시멘트(OPC), 30% 플라이애시(PFA), 60% 고로슬래그 미분말(GGBS), 10% 실리카퓸(SF)를 치환한 혼합 시멘트를 사용하였다. 염소이온 고정화는 수분추출방법을 이용하여 측정하였으며, 시멘트의 부식 억제 능력은 결합재에 따른 산에 대한 저항성 측정을 통해 평가하였다. 염소이온이 함유된 모르타르 내 철근 부식은 재령 28일에 선형 분극 방법을 이용하여 측정하였다. 실험 결과, 염소이온 고정화 능력은 결합재 내의 $C_{3}A$ 함유량과 물리적 흡착에 의해 크게 영향을 받음을 알 수 있었다. 염소이온 고정화 정도는60% GGBS > 30% PFA > OPC > 10% SF 의 순으로 나타났다. pH 감소에 따른 시멘트의 부식 억제 능력은 같은 pH 값에서 결합재의 종류에 따라 다양하게 나타났다. 부식전류가 $0.1-0.2{\mu}A/cm^{2}$에 이를 때 부식이 발생한다는 가정하에, 부식에 대한 임계 염소이온 농도에 대하여 OPC는 1.03, 30% PFA는 0.65, 60% GGBS는 0.45, 10% SF는 0.98%로 각각 계산되었다. 그에 비해 임계 염소이온 농도의 새로운 표현방법으로 제시한 [$Cl^{-}$]:[$H^{+}$] 몰 농도비의 단위로 계산하였을 때, 임계 염소이온 농도는 결합재에 관계없이 0.008-0.009로 도출되었다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.717-724
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• 2017

In this paper, four formulas are proposed via gene expression programming (GEP)-based models and regression analysis (RA) to predict the flexural strength ($f_s$) values of mortars containing different mineral admixtures that are ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS), silica fume (SF) and fly ash (FA) at different ages. Three formulas obtained from the GEP-I, GEP-II and GEP-III models are constituted to predict the $f_s$ values from the age of specimen, water-binder ratio and compressive strength. Besides, one formula obtained from the RA is constituted to predict the $f_s$ values from the compressive strength. To achieve these formulas in the GEP and RA models, 972 data of the experimental studies presented with mortar mixtures were gathered from the literatures. 734 data of the experimental studies are divided without pre-planned for these formulas achieved from the training and testing sets of GEP and RA models. Beside, these formulas are validated with 238 data of experimental studies un-employed in training and testing sets. The $f_s$ results obtained from the training, testing and validation sets of these formulas are compared with the results obtained from the experimental studies and the formulas given in the literature for concrete. These comparisons show that the results of the formulas obtained from the GEP and RA models appear to well compatible with the experimental results and find to be very credible according to the results of other formulas.

• Advances in materials Research
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.61-75
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• 2014

This study aimed to investigate the suitability of some concrete components for producing "high-performance heavy density concrete" using different types of aggregates that could enhances the shielding efficiency against ${\gamma}$-rays. 15 mixes were prepared using barite, magnetite, goethite and serpentine aggregates along with 10% silica fume, 20% fly ash and 30% blast furnace slag to total OPC content for each mix. The mixes were subjected to compressive strength at 7, 28 and 90 days. In some mixes, compressive strengths were also tested up to 90 days upon replacing sand with the fine portions of magnetite, barite and goethite. The mixes containing magnetite along with 10% SF reaches the highest compressive strength exceeding over M60 requirement by 14% after 28 days. Whereas, the compressive strength of concrete containing barite was very close to M60 and exceeds upon continuing for 90 days. Also, the compressive strength of high-performance concrete incorporating magnetite fine aggregate was significantly higher than that containing sand by 23%. On the other hand, concrete made with magnetite fine aggregate had higher physico-mechanical properties than that containing barite and goethite. High-performance concrete incorporating magnetite fine aggregate enhances the shielding efficiency against ${\gamma}$-rays.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.209-213
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• 2014

Due to the increasing of interest about the eco-friendly concrete, it is increased to use concretes containing by-products of industry such as fly ash(FA), ground granulated blast furnace slag(GGBFS), silica fume(SF), and etc. Especially, these are well known for improving the resistances to reinforcement corrosion in concrete and decreasing chloride ion penetration. The purpose of this experimental research is to evaluate the resistance against corrosion of reinforcement of high volume fly ash(HVFA) concrete which is replaced with high volume fly ash for cement volume. For this purpose, the concrete test specimens were made for various strength level and replacement ratio of FA, and then the compressive strength and diffusion coefficient for chloride ion of them were measured for 28, 91, and 182 days, respectively. Also, corrosion monitoring by half cell potential method was carried out for the made lollypop concrete test specimens to detect the time of corrosion initiation for reinforcement in concrete. As a result, it was observed from the test results that the compressive strength of HVFA concrete was decreased with increasing replacement ratio of FA but long-term resistances against reinforcement corrosion and chloride ion penetration of that were increased.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2005년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.57-61
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• 2005

Cement paste is originally the basic material and crucial factor consisting concrete. This study investigates the relationship between flow apparatuses, which are ring flow(R-F), flow cone(F-C) and mini slump(M-S), in order to estimate the fluidity of cement Paste. For quantitatively evaluating the measured data this study also investigated the calibration of the rheology consistent, such as yield value and plastic viscosity, of cement paste using viscometer For this purpose the present work discussed the influence of 3 type of ordinary portland cement with different companies, affecting the fluidity of cement paste. and it also demonstrated the influence of the various kinds of mineral admixtures, such as fly ash(FA), blast furnace slag(BS) and silica fume(SF) and that of incorporating ratio. The author concluded that using R-F apparatus is the most effective flow test method of cement paste and it is exactly proportional to other apparatus' rheological properties.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.121-126
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• 2017

This paper presents the effect of aggregate type on high temperature resistance of self-compacting mortars (SCM) produced with normal and lightweight aggregates like expanded perlite and pumice. Silica fume (SF) and fly ash (FA) were used as mineral additives. Totally 13 different mixtures were designed according to the aggregate rates. Mini slump flow, mini V-funnel and viscometer tests were carried out on the fresh mortar. On the other hand, bulk density, porosity, water absorption and high temperature tests were made on the hardened SCM. After being heated to temperatures of 300, 600 and $900^{\circ}C$, respectively, the tensile strength in bending and compressive strength of mortars determined. As a result of the experiments, the increase in the use of lightweight aggregate increased total water absorption and porosity of mortars. It is observed that, the increment in the usage of lightweight aggregate decreased tensile strength in bending and compressive strengths of mortar specimens exposed to high temperatures but the usage of up to 10% expanded perlite in mortar increased the compressive strength of specimens exposed to $300^{\circ}C$.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2004년도 추계 학술발표회 제16권2호
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• pp.759-764
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• 2004

In this study, the experiment was carried out to investigate and analyze the ready-mixed concrete production of ultra-high strength concrete with mixing strength of $100N/mm^2$ according to types of mineral admixtures. The main experimental variables were water/binder ratio $25.0\%$, water content $160kg/m^3$ and mineral admixtures such as fly ash, silica fume and meta kaolin. According to the test results, the principle conclusions are summarized as follows. 1) even if it secures similar slump, the viscosity appear to difference by mixing condition relatively. 2) The autogeneous shrinkage of ultra-high strength concrete is profitable that use admixture, and heat of hydration is desirable that apply considering countermeasure enough in the advance. 3) The concrete that use SF10+MK10 on 56days could confirm that it is possible that achieve compressive strength more than $100N/mm^2$ under mixing conditions that is appearing by compressive strength $102.7N/mm^2$.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제82권2호
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• pp.163-172
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• 2022

Zinc-rich epoxy (ZRE) is used to overcome corrosion problems in reinforced concrete (RC) beams and coat steel rebars to protect them from humidity and chlorides. An extra coating layer of Sikadur-31 epoxy (SDE) is utilised to increase bond strength because the use of ZRE reduces the bond strength between concrete and steel rebars. However, the low melting point of SDE indicates that concrete specimens are vulnerable to fire. An experimental investigation on flexural performance of RC beams incorporating ZRE-SDE coating of steel rebars that were destroyed by fire is performed in this study. Twenty beams of five concrete mixes with different cementitious contents were tested to compare fire exposure for coated and uncoated rebars of the same beams at room temperature and determine the optimal cementitious content. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was also applied to investigate characteristics of fired mixture samples. Results showed that the use of SDE-ZRE at room temperature improves flexural strengths of the five mixes compared with uncoated rebars with percentages ranging from 8.5% to 12.3%. All beams with SDE-ZRE lost approximately 50% of their flexural strength due to firing. Moreover, the mix incorporating SF (silica fume) of 15% and cement content of 400 kg/m³ introduces optimum behaviour compared with other mixes. All results were supported and verified by the SEM analysis and compressive strength of cubic specimens of the same mixes.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.441-448
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• 2011

이 연구에서는 실리카퓸 및 수축 저감제, 팽창재, 고성능 감수제의 혼입을 변수로 한 초고성능 시멘트 복합체(UHPCC)의 초기 수축 거동을 평가하기 위하여 화학수축 및 자기수축 실험을 수행하고, 응결 측정 결과와 비교하여 UHPCC의 자기건조 시작 시점에 대하여 분석하였다. 실험 결과, 실리카퓸 및 수축 저감제는 초기 화학수축을 증가시키는 경향을 보였으며, 고성능 감수제는 시멘트와 배합수의 수화 반응을 지연시키고 화학수축을 저감시키는 것으로 나타났다. 수축 저감제와 팽창재를 조합하여 적용한 경우 약 49%의 자기수축 저감 효과를 보였으며, 팽창재는 경화를 촉진 시키는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 UHPCC는 다수의 섬유 혼입과 낮은 물-결합재비에 의해 초결 이전부터 자기건조 현상이 발생하는 것으로 나타났다.