• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제19권spc호
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• pp.144-147
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• 2011

The main nutritional problem of sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor${\times}$Sorghum sudanese) silage is low quality and palatability. This experiment was conducted to evaluate whether organic com grain and crushed rice addition of sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid silage increases forage quality of the silage. The sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid silages with added com grain and crushed rice were similar to conventional com silage in moisture content. However organic sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid silage had low pH values. Silage added with gain and byproduct had higher crude ash, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents than control com silages, while its non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) showed the opposite results. Lactic acid, butyric acid and lactic percentage of total organic acid (L/T) of sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid silages were higher than those of com silage, but acetic acid was higher than control. In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of com silage was higher than other sorghum silages. Feed intake of sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid silage added with crushed rice was highest among silages. Therefore, these data indicate that crushed rice and com grain added sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid silage could be recommended as the most effective treatment for increasing silage quality and palatability.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 1992

This experiment was conducted to investigate chemical composition change and fermentation characteristics of orchardgrass, alfalfa or corn silage in the airtight silo for one year of storage. Two trials were conducted for two years. Fermentation characteristics of silages were evaluated by color, oder, texture and taste. Chemical composition of corn silage was not changed, and fermentation characteristics of this silage was favorable for 7 months of storage from December to June of the following year. In the aspect of dry matter loss and fermentation characteristics of silages, it is essential to maintain less than 70 or 60% of moisture contents in orchardgrass silage or alfalfa silage, respectively, for long term storage and feed quality stabilization. It is suggested that wilting treatment of orchardgrass or alfalfa and moisture contents of these silages are most important factors to determine silage quality.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.19.1-19.1
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• 1992

This experiment was conducted to investigate chemical composition change and fermentation characteristics of orchardgrass, alfalfa or corn silage in the airtight silo for one year of storage. Two trials were conducted for two years. Fermentation characteristics of silages were evaluated by color, oder, texture and taste. Chemical composition of corn silage was not changed, and fermentation characteristics of this silage was favorable for 7 months of storage from December to June of the following year. In the aspect of dry matter loss and fermentation characteristics of silages, it is essential to maintain less than 70 or 60% of moisture contents in orchardgrass silage or alfalfa silage, respectively, for long term storage and feed quality stabilization. It is suggested that wilting treatment of orchardgrass or alfalfa and moisture contents of these silages are most important factors to determine silage quality.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.114-119
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• 1984

볏짚, 클로버 및 고구마 덩굴 silage의 조제(調製) 시(時)에 고구마의 첨가(添加)가 이들 silage의 품질(品質)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 구명(究明)하기 위하여 silage 조제시(調製時)에 파쇄(破碎)한 생 고구마를 클로버 및 고구마 덩굴 silage에는 각각(各各) 5~15%, 볏짚 silage에는 10~30%로 첨가(添加)하여 조제(調製)한 후(後)에 완성(完成)된 silage의 일반조성분(一般組成分), 유기산(有機酸) 및 pH를 측정(測定)하여 품질(品質)을 평가(評價)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. Silage의 일반(一般) 조성분(組成分) 중(中)에서 수분(水分) 함량(含量)은 고구마덩굴 silage에서, 조단백질(粗蛋白質) 함량(含量)은 클로버 silage에서 그리고 가용무질소물(可溶無窒素物)과 조직유(粗織維)의 함량(含量)은 볏짚 silage에서 가장 높았다. 모든 silage에서 고구마의 첨가수준(添加水準)이 높아 질수록 가용무질소물(可溶無窒素物)은 증가(增加)되었고 조직유(粗織維)는 감소(減少)되었다. 2. Silage의 총산함량(總酸含量)은 클로버 silage에서 1.96~2.75%로 가장 높았고, 총산(總酸)에 대(對)한 유산(乳酸)의 비율(比率)은 고구마덩굴 silage에서 81~85%로 가장 높았다. 모든 silage에서 고구마의 첨가(添加)수준(水準)이 높을 수록 총산함량(總酸含量)에 대(對)한 유산함량(乳酸含量)의 비율(比率)이 증가(增加)되었다. 3. Silage의 pH는 고구마덩굴 silage에서 4.10~4.20으로 가장 낮았고 볏짚 silage에서 4.75~5.22로 가장 높았다. 모든 silage에서 고구마의 첨가(添加) 수준(水準)이 높을 수록 pH가 낮아졌다. 4. 고구마 첨가시(添加時)에 고구마의 시중가격(市中價格)을 고려(考慮)한다면 고구마덩굴 silage에서는 첨가효과(添加效果)가 크게 기대(期待)되지 않으나 클로버 silage에서는 5%, 볏짚 silage에서는 10% 정도(程度)가 적당(適當)하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권12호
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• pp.1913-1922
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• 2018

Objective: To find out ways of improving fermentation quality of silage, the comparative analysis of fermentation characteristics and in vitro digestibility of tropical grasses silage applied with cellulases produced from Acremonium or Tricoderma species were studied in Thailand. Methods: Fresh and wilted Guinea grass and Napier grass silages were prepared with cellulases from Acremonium (AC) or Trichoderma (TC) at 0.0025%, 0.005%, and 0.01% on a fresh matter (FM), and their fermentation quality, chemical composition and in vitro digestibility were analyzed. Results: All silages of fresh Napier grass were good quality with lower pH, butyric acid, and ammonia nitrogen, but higher lactic acid content than wilted Napier grass and Guinea grass silage. Silages treated with AC 0.01% had the best result in terms of fermentation quality. They also had higher in vitro dry matter digestibility and in vitro organic matter digestibility at 6 and 48 h after incubation than other silages. Silages treated with lower levels at 0.005% or 0.0025% of AC and all levels of TC did not improve silage fermentation. Conclusion: The AC could improve silage fermentation and in vitro degradation of Guinea grass and Napier grass silages, and the suitable addition ration is 0.01% (73.5 U) of FM for tropical silage preparation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.522-528
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• 2018

Objective: This study evaluated inclusion of buckwheat silage to the diet of growing lambs in terms of meat quality as compared to maize silage. Methods: Buckwheat, rich in total phenols (TP, 33 g/kg dry matter [DM]), was harvested at the end of the milk stage and ensiled in 40 kg plastic bags after wilting (294 g/kg silage DM). A total of 18 growing lambs ($21.6{\pm}1.2$) were individually fed isonitrogenous and isoenergetic total mixed rations (TMR) for 75 d that either contained buckwheat or maize silage at DM proportions of 0.50. At the end of feeding trail all lambs were slaughtered to assess carcass characteristics and meat quality. Results: Buckwheat silage increased (p<0.01) the DM intake of lambs as compared to maize silage, but had no effects (p>0.05) on live weight gain and feed efficiency. Carcass weight, dressing percentage, meat pH, water holding capacity, cooking loss, shear force ($kg/cm^2$), and total viable bacteria count of meat did not differ (p>0.05) between the treatments. However, TP content of meat increased (p<0.001) by feeding buckwheat TMR. Feeding buckwheat TMR also decreased (p<0.05) the b* values of meat. Conclusion: The results provide that buckwheat silage is palatable and could successfully include TMR of growing lambs with no adverse effects on performance, carcass and meat quality. Additionally, feeding buckwheat silage to lambs offers increased TP in meat.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.164-171
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• 1990

This study was carried out to enhance the nutritional value of whole crop corn silage and the utilization of animal waste as a ruminant feedstuffs. Whole crop corn were ensiled with cage layer excreta and concentrate. Treatments included whole crop corn silage (control), 10% cage layer excreta and concentrate-corn silage (CES lo), 20% cage layer excreta and 10% concentrate-corn silage (CES 20) and 30% cage layer excreta and 10% concentrate-corn silage (CES 30). The characteristics of silage fermentation was evaluated. Digestibility and palatability of the silage were observed through the feeding trial with four male Corridale sheep. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Cage layer excreta-corn silage showed higher contents of crude protein and crude ash than control silage, while crude fibre content was significantlv lower than that of control silage (P(.01). 2. Total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen content of the cage layer excreta-corn silage was significantly (P< .01) higher than that of control, but CES 10 silage was good in quality. 3. Lactic acid content of CES 10 silage was the highest, but that of CES 20 and CES 30 silage was lower than that of control. CES 20 and CES 30 silage was lower lactic acid content and higher pH than control. Therefore Flieg's score was wrose than that of control silage. 4. The numbers of total bacteria and lactic fermentation bacteria were estimated lo7-10' and 10"1OH, respectively, and there were no significant differences among treatments. Coliform numbers were not detected with CES 10 silage while were detected lo3 per gram in CES 30 silage. 5. Digestibility of crude protein, crude fibre and ADF was improved significantly in the animals fed the cage layer excreta-corn silage compared with animals fed the control silage. DCP and TDN were the highest in the CES 10 silage. 6. The intake of daily nitrogen and dry matter per metabolic body weight was the highest in animals fed the CES 10 silage.lage.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.73-79
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• 1995

A simple conservation technique baled silage making of selected froage materials was discussed in Suwon and in Muan county during 1991 - 1992. Eleven species of forage crops and pasture grasses(maize. sorghum, pearl millet, barnyardgrass, rye, barley, spring oat, Italian ryegrass, orchardgrass, alfalfa and grass-legume pasture mixtures) were harvested at different growth stage from young plant to maturity and baled in a self constructed square baling chamber, and wrapped in a 0.05mm thick polyethylene plastic film. Each bales measured by 90cm long, 60cm wide and 50cm height and weighted between 15~20kg in dry matter basis. physio-molphologcal characteristics of the plants, leaf weight ratio(LWR), leaf area ratio(LAR), stalk ratio (SR), stalk hardness(SH) and other growth parameters, were analysed and were used as a parameter to evaluate the suitability of materials for baling. Italian ryegrass including orchardgrass, alfalfa and pasture mixtures produced high quality baled silage. Silage quality point(F1ieg-point) of Italian ryegrass was improved from 63 point in crushed custom silage to 75 piont in baled silage. Meterial of grass-legume pasture mixtures showed 55 point in crushed silage and 67 point in baled silage. Fodder rye, barley, spring oat and barnyardgrass were also evaluated as a good materials for baled silage making. On the other hand, meize including sorghum and peral millet were evaluated as a not suitable materals for baling due to its high value of SR and SH. Quality of maize was excellent with 88 point in clushed silage and medium with 47 point in baled silage making.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.340-344
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• 2005

In high-income Asian countries like Korea and Japan, per capita rice consumption has declined because of the change in consumer' favorite foods from rice to high-cost quality foods. This has forced farmers to reduce rice production. Although fodder rice could be another option to be cultured by farmers, available information concerning rice grain silage has been limited. In the present study, therefore, the difference in the quality of fodder rice silage prepared from either whole crop or grain at different ripening stages was compared. Various supplements were also added into whole crop and grain silages of fodder rice before ensiling, and thereafter, the palatability of prepared silages was determined by beef cattle. At ear emergence stage, the pH values for both grain and whole crop silages were approximately 4.5. In both grain and whole crop silages, the pH values were significantly increased by progressing ripening stages from milk-ripe stage to yellow-ripe stages, and the increase in pH value for grain silage was faster than that for whole crop silage. In the grain silage, the higher lactic acid (LA) content in grain silage seemed to be, the lower pH value was. Both in grain and whole crop silages, pH was significantly decreased by supplementation with LA bacteria. There were no significant differences in feed intake among any treatment groups.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.77-84
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• 1976

최근(最近)에 사료(飼料)의 요구량(要求量)이 급증(急增)되고 사료용(飼料用) 호박이 도입(導入) 재배(裁培)되므로서 호박의 사료화(飼料化)에 대(對)한 관심(關心)이 많아졌다. 이에 본시험(本試驗)은 사료용(飼料用) 호박으로 Mammoth pumpkin(C. Maxima), Queensland blue pumpkin(C. Maxima), Korean pumpkin(C. Moschata)으로 부터 밀기울을 0, 10, 20%씩 각각(各各) 첨가(添加)하면서 Silage 제조(製造) 하였으며, 제조후(製造後) 40~60일(日) 사이에 화학적(化學的) 조성분(組成分), pH, 유기산함량(有機酸含量)을 분석(分折)하고 산란계(産卵鷄)에 대(對)한 급여시험(給與試驗)을 하여 호박의 사료적(飼料的) 가치(價値) 및 이용성등(利用性等)을 조사(調査)하고 그 결과(結果)를 아래와 같이 요약(要約)하였다. 1. Silage의 수분함량(水分含量)은 재료(材料)인 호박의 수분함량(水分含量)이 Mammoth pumpkin의 경우(境遇) 약(約) 97%, Queensland pumpkin이 94%, Korean pumpkin이 91%였던 관계(關係)로 상당히 높았으며 Silige제조후(製造後) 성분변화(成分變化)는 가용무질소량(可溶無窒素量)이 약간(約間) 감소(減少)하였을 뿐, 기타(其他)의 성분(成分)은 변화(變化)가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 밀기울을 첨가(添加)하므로서 수분(水分)을 조절(調節)할 수 있었고 영양분(營養分)도 증가(增加)되었으나 이는 단지 밀기울의 성분함량(成分含量)에 좌우(左右)되었다. 또한 Silage의 성분손실량(成分損失量)은 제조후(製造後) 2주(週)에서 1개월(個月)사이에 10%정도(程度)였으며 그후(後) 약간씩 감소(減少)하여 6개월후(個月後)에는 15%정도(程度)였는데 호박을 그대로 저장(貯藏)했을 시(時)는 9월(月)부터 12월(月)사이에는 수분함량(水分含量)이 특(特)히 많은 Mammoth pumpkin을 제외(除外)하고 그 감량(減量)이 심(甚)하지 않았으나 월동(越冬)을 한 2월(月)에는 3종(種)의 호박 거의가 사료가치(飼料價値)를 상실(喪失)하였다. 2. Silage의 품질(品質) 또한 처리구간(處理區問)에는 특별(特別)한 차이(差異)가 없이 pH가 3.8~4.1, 유기산중(有機酸中) 유산(乳酸)이 2.09~2.93%였고 초산(醋酸)이 0.68~1.71%, 낙산(酪酸)은 0%로서 Flieg씨(氏) 평점법(評點法)에 의(依)하면 모두 98~100점(點)으로 양질(良質)의 Silage가 제조(製造)되었다. 3. Mammoth pumpkin silage를 산란계(産卵鷄)에 급여(給與)하여 사료섭취율(飼料攝取率), 산란율(産卵率), 난중(卵重) 및 Haugh unit등(等)을 측정(測定)한 결과(結果), 고형물기준(固形物基準)으로 Silage를 5.0%와 7.5%급여구(給與區)가 가장 좋았고 다음이 2.5%구(區)였으며 10%급여구(給與區)는 대조구(對照區)보다 떨어졌다. (P<0.01). 이는 호박 Sil-age가 신선(新鮮)하므로 기호성(嗜好性)을 증진(增進)시켰고 Vitamin등(等) 풍부(豊富)하여 산란(産卵)을 촉진(促進)시키는 것으로 사료(恩料)되나 10%이상(以上)의 급여(給與)는 양(量)이 너무 많아 효과적(效果的)인 급여(給與)가 못되는 것으로 생각된다. 4. 호박을 이용(利用)하여 양질(良質)의 Silage를 제조(製造)할 수 있었고 또한 산란계(産卵鷄)에 급여(給與)한 결과(結果) 산란율(産卵率)도 증진(增進)되었으나 수분함량(水分含量)이 너무 많은 관계(關係)로 다량(多量)의 Silage가 요구(要求)되므로 가축(家畜)의 기본사료(基本飼料)로는 적당치 않고 단지 사료가치(飼料價値)가 떨어지는 타사료(他飼料)와 혼합(混合)하여 Silage를 제조(製造) 이용(利用)하므로서 타사료(他飼料)의 기호성(嗜好性)을 향상(向上)시켜 사료가치(飼料價値)를 증진(增進)시키고 아울러 Vitamin을 공급(供給)할 수 있는 방향(方向)으로 Silage를 제조(製造) 이용(利用)함이 적당할 것으로 사료(思料)된다.