• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.23-33
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• 2006

The factor of air pollution in a large industrial city is not only manufactories but also, activities related to trucks. Sihwa National Industrial Complex is located in Siheung City; due to the industries, more diverse activities related to trucks occur in Siheung City than other cities. In particular, the new residential area in Siheung City is close to the industrial complex; so, the damage of this residential area is expected that it would be more serious and vulnerable than other areas. The aim of this study is to analyze influence of the air pollution by a truck in Siheung City. ISCST3 Model and Arc View program were used for this study and Siheung City was divided into 1,000 meter by 1,000 meter grid to analyze. Furthermore, this study suggested two reduction controls of air pollution in Siheung City, and analyzed the results from these reduction managements. The results of the present condition showed that residences located in north of Sihwa Industrial Complex are influenced by air pollution material. Furthermore, air pollution by trucks has affected on the residents which is near the road in Siheung City. Therefore, this study suggested two reduction controls by the Traffic System Management. The first alternative plan is setting the truck traffic limitation zone in the road that is located in south of resident areas and many trucks traffic. Next, the second alternative plan is setting freight truck way on the most traffic road to enter the industrial complex. The reduction effect of the first alternative is good on the residential area. And, the second alternate about freight truck way is divided passenger cars into trucks. Therefore, there are increase of average speed and decrease of average concentration, and spatial reduction effects found in wide areas.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.297-317
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• 2014

This study is to produce baseline data, in its purpose of improving the quality of life of industrial workers as well as the business competitiveness, though improvements in reading culture. The data produced in this study will be based on questionnaire, regarding sub-topics of the reading environment, the status of reading culture, and remaining demands. The results argue that the responding workers in Siheung Smart Hub Complex had inadequate environment of reading, while had weak status of reading culture. We propose the ways of improvements in the reading culture of the worker in Siheung Smart Hub Complex, as well as their reading infrastructure.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.291-298
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• 2013

In order to investigate the topography and exposure duration of the Siheung tidal flat, tidal ranges and DEM constructed by remote sensing techniques were analyzed. A cross-sectional diagram of the intertidal area reveals that it is relatively flat in the upper zone and then abruptly plunges into the bottom of the main channel where elevations increase in an upstream direction. The waterline during the Highest Low Water (HLW) is drawn back to the bottom of the channel at the middle part of the tidal flat and is formed along the slant of the channel during the Lowest High Water (LHW). The intertidal zone is located between -410 cm and 510 cm in terms of elevation and its total area is $0.65km^2$. An area between the Highest High Water (HHW) and Lowest High Water (LHW), occupying about 80% of the total area, occupies $0.52km^2$ of total area and accounts for 56% of the exposure duration. The boundary of wetland protection area in the Siheung tidal flat did not exactly coincide with the intertidal regime and differs by more than 15%. This study, which precisely analyzed the tidal flat area, tidal environment, and topography, would be useful in making a conservation plan and in learning how to use a wetland protection area in a sustainable manner.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.330-342
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• 2008

A comprehensive quality survey for PCDDs/PCDFs and coplanar PCBs as well as heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) in sediments has been investigated in August 2006, Korea. Monitoring was undertaken at five streams representing different surrounding environments throughout Juwang and Gapyeong streams (reference sites), Jungrang stream (dense population site), Ansan stream (mixed small population and industrial site), and Siheung stream (heavy industrial site). The levels of heavy metal in samples were found to be significantly higher in sediment from Siheung stream compared to those of other stream sites. The heavy metal concentrations (dry weight basis) in sediment from Siheung stream were as follows; Cd (3.7 ${\mu}g$/g), Pb (1,295 ${\mu}g$/g), Cu (713.4 ${\mu}g$/g) and Zn (358.1 ${\mu}g$/g). Among 12 coplanar PCBs and 17 PCDDs/PCDFs selected as target compounds in this study, PCB (IUPAC no. 118) and OCDD were the most abundant congeners found in all sediment samples, followed by 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD, OCDF and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8HpCDF as well as PCB (IUPAC no. 105). These results were shown to be in the same trend as the sediment samples of other countries. The levels of PCDDs/PCDFs/coplanar PCBs in sediment samples were expressed as concentrations and WHO- TEQ values. The PCDDs/PCDFs/coplanar PCBs concentrations and their WHO-TEQ values in sediment from Siheung stream were remarkably high. The levels detected were 788.16 pg/g and 36.080 pg WHO-TEQ/g dry weight for PCDDs/ PCDFs and 314 pg/g and 0.4189 pg WHO-TEQ/g dry weight for coplanar PCBs, respectively, beyond the safety level of sediment value 20 pg WHO-TEQ/g. Sediment samples of the five streams were also monitored by sensitive biomarkers using insect immune responses: hemocyte-spreading behavior and immune-associated enzyme activities of phospholipase A$_2$ (PLA$_2$) and phenoloxidase. Organic extracts of Siheung and Jungrang sediments significantly interfered with the hemocytespreading behavior, whereas those of Ansan, Gapyeong, and Juwang did not. These organic extracts did not inhibit the PLA$_2$ and phenoloxidase activities. However, phenoloxidase was highly susceptible to exposure to aqueous extracts in all site sediments. In comparison, PLA$_2$ activities of the hemocytes were significantly inhibited only by aqueous extracts of Siheung, Jungrang, and Gapyeong sediments, but not by those of Ansan and Juwang. Despite some disparity between bioand chemical monitoring results, the biomarkers can be recommended as a device warning the contamination of biohazard environmental chemicals because of a fast and inexpensive detection method.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2013

This study has purpose to minimize the impact of climate change of Siheung. Vulnerability assessment was carried out for establishing the Siheung Climate Change Master Plan. Climate change vulnerability assessment analyzed using climate exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity indicators. A proxy variable is selected from each indicator. Meteorological data uses the RCP scenarios provided by the Meteorological Administration, and this study assumes that the same trend will continues in the future. Siheung are vulnerable to heavy rains in the flooded roads and farmland. Also, it is necessary to be careful heat wave in summer. The size and scale of the damage depends on the city's ability to respond to the impacts of climate change. It is necessary to make a adaptation plan for climate change impact assessment and vulnerability analysis. This study will be used to make Siheung Climate Change Master Plan and to determine the priority of the policy as guideline. It is expected that this study is helpful to pursue climate change vulnerability assessment of other local governments.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.4 s.117
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• pp.37-47
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• 2006

The city of Siheung in the Kyunggi-do Province has various natural resources such as the ocean, mountains, wide farmland, various types of wetlands, streams and rivers. In addition, the city has a big greenbelt, which consists of two-thirds of the area, where development has been regulated. Since the city has a relatively well-preserved natural environment, it offers a great potential for regional development. The purpose of this study is to create an eco-tourism resource plan for the Mulwang reservoir, which offers many opportunities for ecotourism in the city of Siheung. This study includes a literature review for planning elements and suggests a comprehensive plan that includes conservation, eco-restoration, route program and practice program for ecotourism in and around the site. The plan also includes eco-farming, a visitor center, an ecovillage, the chance to experience livestock farming, opportunities to learn about and experience the forest, tracking, eco-learning, an environmental interpretation facility, fishing and aquatic-oriented leisure activities. This study's process and results show possibilities that can be applied to other areas where eco-tourism using natural resources is used for regional development.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.647-652
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• 2009

A novel spiro-type host material, 5-[4-(1-naphthyl)phenyl]-spiro[fluorene-7,9'-benzofluorene] (BH-1PN) and three new dopants, namely, 5-[diphenylamino)phenyl]-spiro[fluorene-7,9'-benzofluorene] (BH-1TPA), 5-[4-(N-phenyl (m-tolyl)amino]-spiro[fluorene-7,9'-benzofluorene] (BH-1MDPA) and 5-[(N-phenyl)-2-naphthyl]amino-spiro[fluorene- 7,9'-benzofluorene] (BH-1NPA) were designed and successfully prepared using the Suzuki or amination reactions. The electroluminescence characteristics of BH-1PN as a blue host material doped with each of the blue dopants were evaluated. The structure of the device is ITO/DNTPD/NPB/BH-1PN:5% dopant/Alq3/Al-LiF. The device obtained from BH-1PN doped with diphenyl-[4-(2-[1,1;4,1]terphenyl-4-yl-vinyl)phenyl]-amine (BD-1) showed good color purity, efficiency, luminance, and current-density characteristics.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.553-565
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• 2002

Seasonal variations in vertical distributions of metals were investigated in the contaminated paddy soils around Siheung Cu-Pb-Zn and Deokeum Au-Ag mines. Geochemical behavior of metals was also evaluated with respect to redox changes during the cultivation of rice. Two microcosms simulating the rice-growing paddy field were set up in the laboratory. The raw paddy soils from two sites showed differences in mineralogy, metal concentrations and gecochemical parameters, and it is suggested that high proportions of exchangeable fractions in metals may give high dissolution rates at Deokeum. In both microcosms of Siheung and Deokeum, redox differences between surface and subsurface of paddy soils were maintained during the flooded period of 18 weeks. Siheung soil had neutral to alkaline pH conditions, while strongly acidic conditions and high Eh values were found at the surface soil of Deokeum. The concentrations of dissolved Fe and Mn were higher in the subsurface pore waters than in interface and upper waters from both microcosms, indicating reductive dissolution under reducing conditions. On the contrary, dissolved Pb and Zn had high concentrations at the surface under oxidizing conditions. From the Siheung microcosm, release of dissolved metals into upper waters was decreased. presumably by the trap effect of Fe- and Mn-rich layers at the interface. However, in the Deokeum microcosm, significant amounts of Pb and Zn were released into upper water despite the relatively lower contents in raw paddy soil, and seasonal variations in the chemical fractionation of metals were observed between flooded and drained conditions. Under acidic conditions, rice may uptake high amounts of metals from the surface of paddy soils during the flooded periods, and increases of exchangeable phases may also increase the bioavailability of heavy metals in the drained conditions.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.1333-1337
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• 2003

The present headway on KNR lines varies from 6 to 10 minutes. Therefore, KNR would like to reduce the headway of all the lines by 4 minutes with the implementation of ERTMS/ETCS on-board system. In Korea, thanks to the operation of the High Speed Line in 2004, the bottleneck phenomenon will occur only in a few sections such as Seoul-Siheung, which will be the common route between KTX and conventional trains. Therefore, we will analyze expected braking distance and running time depending on characteristics of conventional passenger and freight trains and high speed train will be operated within electrified conventional line for comparing the headways of ATS trackside and ETRMS/ETCS on-board system within the Seoul-Siheung section.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.24
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• pp.153-167
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• 2003

We performed nuclear DNA typing and mitochondrial DNA sequencing analysis based on PCR from an ancient Korean remainsexcavated from Siheung in Korea. 7 bones were collected and partially STR(short tandem repeat) systems, Sex determination Amelogenin kit(Promega co, USA), were used in this study. Mitochondrial DNAs were also amplified and sequenced by ABI 310 DNA sequencer. We know that sample no. 2 and no. 3 were females and also sample no. 2 and no.7 possessed the same maternal inheritance by mitochondrial DNA sequencing results. Throughout this research, the mitochondrial DNA sequencing of human in the middle of Joseon Dynasty in Korea is obtained. In addition, this finding will be an important foundation for the future research.