• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.171-180
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to compared with the properties of commercial polyvinyl siloxane impression materials on the Korean product and the other country one. The materials used in this study were 5 hydrophilic polvinyly siloxane impression materials of light body automixing type (Perfect-F, Handae Chemical, Korea; Examix, GC, Japan; Contrast, VOCO, Germany; Express, 3M, U.S.A; Extrude, Kerr, U.S.A.). Specimens of each impression material were fabricated from a mold with dimensions identical to that specified in ASTM D624-91 and were subjected to tensile lode at 500 mm/min until failure for tear strength. Properties of consistency, strain in compression, recovery from deformation, detail reproduction and linear dimensional change were tested according to the testing methods of the ISO specification no.4823(1992). From this study, the follow ing results were obtained 1. The tear strength values were high ET(3.4kN/m), EP(3.4kN/m), PF(3.0kN/m), CT(3.0kN/m), but the lowest was EM(2.2kN/m)(p<0.05). 2. In the consistency, CT(47 mm) had the highest value, followed by PF(42.1 mm), ET(41.2 mm), and EM(39.6 mm), EP(39.2 mm)(p<0.05). It means more flow that the consistency value is high. 3. The strain in compression values were high followed by EM(5.8%), PF(52%), CT(4.6%), ET(4.1%), EP(2.9%)(p<0.05). 4. In the recovery from deformation, ET(99.95%) and PF(99.90%) had the highest value, followed by EP(99.75%), EM(99.74%) without statistical signification, CT(99.64%) had the lowest value(p<0.05). 5. Detail reproduction reappeared to line $20{\mu}m$ all products. 6. The linear dimensional change was a little shrinked all products. and there were not statistical signification (p>0.05). All products were satisfied the ISO specification.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.26-33
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• 2014

From a film esthetic point of view, this paper deals with all the sound elements which are speech, noise, and music for the signification of sound in Hitchcock's . The speech makes a mental image auditory through voice-over, and sometimes it has the indiscernibleness of life and death to be incarnate. This paper has demonstrated that the noise also can mark punctuation-narrative boundary besides visual techniques pointed out by Metz, and it cites the sound of falling water which completes shower scene, offsetting a scream in audience's mind. In the music, desire and oppression are symbolized and they are making a dissonance. Upon occasion, the coexistence of two chords represents duplicity in Norman-mother. Also, the music may disappear in the way of silence, being mummified in the time paused. Thus, the common filmic signification of sounds in can be called reconceptualization of the image.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.9-15
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• 1999

The aim of this study is to measure the application of prone compression study using compression paddle for obese patients in upper gastrointestinal series. Prone compression study using compression paddle was performed in fifty patients, who were not examined completely erect compression study for obesity. The radiographs of stomach were classified into the lower, middle, and high body and then we gave five points included 'very poor', 'poor', 'suspicious', 'good', and 'complete' according to level of detection for area gastrica and mucosal fold. Statistic analysis was performed using T-test and ANOVA, and confidence rate was fixed in 95%(P<0.05) for the significance. The results were as follows : 1. The compression marks on high body was 'poor' grades in erect and prone compression study. The points were 1.64 and 1.86, respectively. 2. The compression marks on middle body was 1.68 in erect compression study, and 'suspicious' in prone compression study. 3. The compression marks on lower body was 'poor' in erect compression study, and 'good' in prone compression study. 4. There was a high statistic signification between the two study on middle and lower body except for high body(P<0.01). 5. The average abdominal thickness of subjects was 23.98 centimeter. There was no statistic signification between the difference of average marks by the abdominal thickness(P>0.05). As these results, the prone compression study in upper gastrointestinal serie seem to be an useful study for obese patients, because it decreases pain and the feeling of uneasiness, and improve compression efficiency remarkably.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.111-124
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• 2009

Since the graphics of fashion items as a means to deliver messages suggest practical sections of the society while showing individual ideas and identity, they have values of promotion to attract attention by manifesting an effective function during the process of delivering intentions and the signification. Accordingly, this study aims to investigate the characteristics expressed with graphics shown on T-shirts of casual wear out of all the fashion items and analyze the social messages reflected on them. Using the Barthes' system of denotation and connotation, distinguished symbolic functions and meaning among graphics were analyzed through the analysis of expression methods of the graphics as the denotation of initial meaning and connotation of secondary meaning. Each casual brand has led the sale of casual markets by appealing consumers with graphic items with characters printed such as various kinds of animals and symbols or lettering printed such as hieroglyph and logos, as various expressive methods and social significance as well as a effective communicative means of graphics. As examined above, graphics expressed on fashion items have an informative characteristic and a persuasive characteristic in the aspect of contents, which has a single value as a communicative characteristic. Those characteristics have developed into the fashion graphic actively reflecting a designer's conviction, values, feelings and identity by acting on social issues and publicness. That is, in the age of information, effective messages delivered through the fashion graphic to the public have contributed to the establishment of an appropriate atmosphere of visual culture while maximizing the role and function as a social significance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.131-146
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• 2000

The starting point of this study was that the Orientalism reflected in the modern clothing is realized the different view by Western and Eastern. Based on this regard, this study semiotically analyse that clothing is creating the cultural values and signification and that the western designers are reproducing an ideology as orientalism being the western-oriented thought when expressing the Asian image in the modern clothing. The theoretical sides are based on the semiotic analyses of F. Saussure, C. Peirce, and R. Barthes. By the result observed through this study, the Orientalism reflected in the modern clothing designed by Western designers are discriminative image, mystic image, past-oriented image, natural image, and complex-eclectic image. The discriminative image is reproduced as a savage and uncivilized image. In addition, it regarded as a decorative and superficial image is expressed as if it is an uncharacterized and underdeveloped image in the modern clothing. The mystic image is reproduced as a romantic image to stimulate Westerners'curiosity. That is, Asian image is regarded as a dream and magical image rather than a scientific and rational image. The past-oriented image is expressed through restricting Asian positive image in Asian historical glory. The natural image differs from Western image based on science in the modern clothing. The modern clothing regards the natural image as a primitive and instinctive image. The complex-eclectic image is the pastish pattern through selecting and distributing heterogeneous materials in the modern clothing. This study critically analyzes the western-oriented thought of orientalism in the modern clothing. The results of the study imply that it is critical that we provide a new contact point for the East and the West in the context of our Asian values and traditions.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.19-49
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• 2011

The multifarious array of benefits to the e-Government systems research, from evaluative frameworks and conceptual models to guidelines for initiatives, adoption, and assimilation, evidences the requirement, both from the researcher's and the practitioner's standpoint, of sound theoretical foundations that can be applied directly in practice. Grounded upon structuration theory, this paper proposes a framework for e-Government systems assimilation through the structuration of its organizational factors. Upon this proposition, we map the factors of e-Government systems assimilation with the organizational meta-structures of signification, domination and legitimization. The framework is then tested for the case of one particular e-Government systems of Korean government. The juxtaposition of the theoretical position and the practical findings leads us to isolate the organizational, technological, and inter-organizational factors that shape the meta-structures for the assimilation of e-Government systems. This framework offers interesting possibilities to researchers in exploring the relationships and insights into the complex interactions that shape the relationships among government, people and technology. Thus, the paper's contribution lies on three axes: first, the furthering of a theoretical perspective of e-Government systems assimilation; second, a detailed exposition of the structuration theory and an illustration of its application to the issues of e-Government systems assimilation in the organizational context; and finally, developed framework through the isolation of a usable set of theoretically grounded factors affecting e-Government systems assimilation that can be applied in future research and practice.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.176-183
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• 2010

Picture book is the artistic format to develop forms an organic relationship with text and illustration. Not only meaning which the text and illustration deliver from the picture book but understand the symbolic meaning can discover new enjoyment of reading picture book. Sees the text and illustration of the picture book at one unit which is put in indivisible relationship and analyzing in semeiology provides the viewpoint which is important in picture book comprehension. The Greimas's theory of signification leads and understands the interaction of the text and illustration of world-famous author Anthony Browne's picture book 'Gorilla'. In addition, analysing the structural connection with text and visual expression it approaches the integrated meaning of a story from a new point of view. From the researches of existing interpreted the Hanna and relationship of dad was simple being lonely but this research sees which there exists not only paternal love but also heterosexuality between Hanna and dad and could newly be interpreted with the viewpoint where heal the discord is principal.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.94-101
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• 2012

Design reflects the time and cultural trends and thus can have different symbolic significance and functions depending on the perspective. While this is evident, corporations still insist that designers achieve viewers' complete understanding and satisfaction in their designs. Also, they refuse to accept the designers' interpretation on the grounds that they are subjective and incomplete interpretations even when in fact they are of superior intellectual standard. This problem is also found among the designers dealing with the clients. Thus, as long as all they are willing to accept is the fallibility of each other, the clash between designers and users is inevitable. To solve these problems, we need to have more objective and logical framework for achieving collective understanding on the interpretation of designs and symbols from the very stage of their development. The graphic design is a tangible product that represents the cultural phenomenon and needs to be interpreted as visual symbols. This makes the graphic design a semiological subject. Thus, a semiological approach will enable more analytical interpretations of polysemy of visual symbols. In this light, this study seeks to apply a semiological approach to suggest criteria for interpreting graphic designs as symbols. The criteria will serve as a useful tool for rational evaluation as well as strategic design development.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.18
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• pp.231-268
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• 2002

This is a study about the audience's aspect of decoding the photography and words comprising photojournalism. For this study, the way of audience's decoding five pictures depicting a foreign worker's death and the captions for each were analyzed. Ethnographic method was used to find distinctive features of the audiences in decoding the pictures. Picture images without any title and caption shown to audiences bring quite different decodings from those of picture images titled and captioned. This led to the following three conclusions. First, picture image added by caption transforms the way the audience decode. Second, the cultural background of an audience works as a major variable, which means how the audience decode the picture image depends on what sort of cultural background the audience has. Third, it is also learned that picture image not captioned would not be able to represent the reality faithfully. The author made an experimental trial in this thesis how the communication process works successfully in a reality that photojournalists tried to represent and the way the audience decode it for the successful communication in photojournalism.

• English & American cultural studies
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.113-139
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• 2009

Such is an elective affinity between literary studies and psychoanalysis that the latter sometime serves as a form of literary pedagogy. The affinity mainly consists in their shared concern for language. The signification of language in psychoanalysis is much similar to that of literature. Many of psychoanalytic terms and theoretical tenets bear witness to its dependence clinically on speech phenomena and theoretically on language in general. It is most true of Sigmund Freud, for whom the unconscious is in effect the linguistic unconscious. The Freudian unconscious, compressing and displacing through images and ideas, works as a text for psychoanalysis, which approach has not only paved one of the ways to poststructuralist anti-essentialism but with which literary studies also feel uncanny familiarity. Freudian psychoanalysis, starting empirically from clinical observations, discovers that words exist independent of meanings in the form of things in the unconscious system. Out of the various sensory elements of a word-thing, in psychoanalytic terms, the auditory is central. Now with the auditory imagination cultivated in the clinic, Freud figures out compression and displacement as the chief unconscious works, of which my main argument is that they are based phonetically on heteronym and homonym associations respectively. Compression and displacement work to be masks, which excites Freud's sense of challenge: his is a kind of poststructuralist approach, in the sense that the closed interrelatedness of words without external referents determines the signification in a given situation. But the works of compression and displacement, viewed in auditory terms rather than mapped on to metaphor and metonymy, can provide a new insight for a literary reading of Freud. Pursuing Freud's auditory imagination is not only an attempt to read his writing as literary text rather than for theoretical discussion, but also an experiment with the possibility of literary reading of a theoretical text in the age of after-theory.