• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2023

Objectives : Network pharmacology-based research is one of useful tool to predict the possible efficacy and molecular mechanisms of natural materials with multi compounds-multi targeting effects. In this study, we investigated the functional underlying mechanisms of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge (AM) on its anti-obesity effects using a network pharmacology analysis. Methods : The constituents of AM were collected from public databases and its target genes were gathered from PubChem database. The target genes of AM were compared with the gene set of obesity to find the correlation. Then, the network was constructed by Cytoscape 3.9.1. and functional enrichment analysis was conducted to predict the most relevant pathway of AM. Results : The result showed that AM network contained the 707 nodes and 6867 edges, and 525 intersecting genes were exhibited between AM and obesity gene set, indicating that high correlation with the effects of AM on obesity. Based on GO biological process and KEGG Pathway, 'Response to lipid', 'Cellular response to lipid', 'Lipid metabolic process', 'Regulation of chemokine production', 'Regulation of lipase activity', 'Chemokine signaling pathway', 'Regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes' and 'PPAR signaling pathway' were predicted as functional pathways of AM on obesity. Conclusions : AM showed high relevance with the lipid metabolism related with the chemokine production and lipolysis pathways. This study could be a basis that AM has promising effects on obesity via network pharmacology analysis.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1991.10a
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• pp.332-336
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• 1991

Network management is responsible for gathering information on the usage of the network media by the network devices, ensuring the correct operation of the network, and providing reports. MAP network management must provide the high reliability of the media and signaling method, even in very harsh environments, providing a very low bit error rate and minimum number of retransmission. In this paper, we analysed the framework of OSI management and MAP network management and discussed the implementation method of fault management and remote management mechanism in the Mini-MAP controller developed for IBM-PC.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.35-45
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• 2000

this paper presents the concept of "mobile ATM', a proposal for third-generation (3G) mobile communication network infrastructure capable of supporting flexible evolution of radio technologies from today's cellular and data services towards future wireless multimedia services. Mobile ATM provides generic mobility management and QoS-based transport capabilities suitable for integration of multiple radio access technologies including cellular voice. wireless data, and future broadband wireless services. The architecture of a mobile ATM network is outlined in terms of the newly-defined "W-UNI" interface at the radio link and "M-UNI"and "M-UNI" interface which supports unified access for WATM and non-ATM mobile terminals through corresponding interworking functions (IWF) is explained. leading to an understanding of how different radio access technologies are supported by the same ATM-based core network infrastructure. Generic mechanisms for handoff and location management within the core mobile network are discussed. and related protocol extensions over the "W-UNI" and "M-UNI/NNI"interfaces are proposed. the issue of "crossover switch (COS)" selection in mobile ATM is considered, and a unified handoff signaling syntax which supports flexibility in COS selection is described. Typical signaling sequences for call connection and handoff using the proposed protocols are outlined. Experimental results form a proof-of-concept mobile ATM network prototype are presented in conclusion.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.6.1-6.8
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• 2023

Glaucoma is the second leading cause of irreversible blindness, and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is the most common type. Due to inadequate diagnosis, treatment is often not administered until symptoms occur. Hence, approaches enabling earlier prediction or diagnosis of POAG are necessary. We aimed to identify novel drugs for glaucoma through bioinformatics and network analysis. Data from 36 samples, obtained from the trabecular meshwork of healthy individuals and patients with POAG, were acquired from a dataset. Next, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. In both stages, the genes were enriched by studying the critical biological processes and pathways related to POAG. Finally, a drug-gene network was constructed, and novel drugs for POAG treatment were proposed. Genes with p < 0.01 and |log fold change| > 0.3 (1,350 genes) were considered DEGs and utilized to construct a PPI network. Enrichment analysis yielded several key pathways that were upregulated or downregulated. For example, extracellular matrix organization, the immune system, neutrophil degranulation, and cytokine signaling were upregulated among immune pathways, while signal transduction, the immune system, extracellular matrix organization, and receptor tyrosine kinase signaling were downregulated. Finally, novel drugs including metformin hydrochloride, ixazomib citrate, and cisplatin warrant further analysis of their potential roles in POAG treatment. The candidate drugs identified in this computational analysis require in vitro and in vivo validation to confirm their effectiveness in POAG treatment. This may pave the way for understanding life-threatening disorders such as cancer.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.33-33
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• 2019

The AKT signaling pathway is a highly regulated cell signaling system that forms a network with other cell signaling pathways. Hence, the AKT signaling pathway mediates several important cellular functions that include cell survival, proliferation, cell migration, and et cetera. Irregularities that led overactive AKT signaling have been linked to many diseases such as cancer and metabolic-associated diseases. Hence, modulating the overactive AKT signaling pathway via inhibitor is a tantalizing prospect for treatment of cancer and metabolic-associated diseases. Two inhibitors of the AKT signaling pathway will be presented in this symposium: 1) Bisleuconothine A (BisA), a bisindole alkaloid that inhibit autophagy and 2) Ceramicine B (CerB), a limonoid that inhibit adipogenesis. The first topic is on a bisindole alkaloid, BisA and its mechanism in inducing autophagosome formation in lung cancer cell line, A549.(1) Since most autophagy inducing agents generally induce apoptosis, we found that BisA does not induce apoptosis even in high dose. BisA up-regulation of LC3 lipidation is achieved through mTOR inactivation. The phosphorylation of PRAS40, a mTOR repressor was suppressed by BisA. This observation suggested that BisA inactivates mTOR via suppression of PRAS40 phosphorylation. Interestingly, the phosphorylation of AKT, an upstream regulator of PRAS40 phosphorylation was also down-regulated by BisA. These findings suggested that Bis-A induces autophagosomes formation by interfering with the AKT-mTOR signaling pathway. The second topic is on CerB and its mechanism in inhibiting adipogenesis in preadipocytes cell line, MC3T3-G2/PA6.(2,3) CerB inhibits the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT) at the Thr308 position but not the Ser473. Consequently, the phosphorylation of FOXO3 which is located downstream of AKT is also inhibited. Considering that FOXO3 is an important regulator of PPARγ which is a key factor in adipogenesis, CerB may inhibit adipogenesis via the AKT-FOXO3 signaling pathway. Taken together, both BisA and CerB highlighted the potential of AKT signaling pathway modulation as an approach to induce autophagy and inhibit the formation of fat cells, respectively.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.15C no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2008

In order to minimize the signaling delay for a resource reservation on the new routing path after the handover of Mobile Node(MN) is completed, it is important to discover the crossover node where the old and new routing paths meet. With the 크로스오버 노드 being found, the signaling messages only need to be transferred on the changed part of the end-to-end path. The crossover node is generally discovered using the end-to-end Session ID(SID) of the established session between MN and Correspondent Node(CN). However, in the Hierarchical Mobile IPv6(HMIPv6) network, if the Mobile Anchor Point (MAP) reserves the resource by aggregate with the Home Agent(HA), the crossover node discovery cannot be performed in the general way since the aggregate SID that has established between the previous MAP and HA is different from the that of the current MAP and HA after MN's handover. In this paper, we propose a mechanism to discover the crossover node within the tunnel between the MAP and the HA in an HMIPv6 network, assuming that the Next Steps in Signaling(NSIS) is deployed for the resource reservation and the aggregate reservation is applied over the MAP and HA tunnel. The local repair required for the change of path is performed upon the crossover node discovery. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme reduces the signaling delay for the reservation and outperforms the existing scheme with respect to throughput during the handover.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1987.07b
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• pp.898-902
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• 1987

An end-to-end connect ion between customers on a network such as the PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) requires a number of internal connection ammong pieces of transmission, switching and signaling equipment. New switching, transmission, and station systems, as well as new features for existing systems, are continually being developed. and the complexities are such that ensuring compatibility of signaling arrange.ent is a major concern. In this paper, we propose that new signal interface using features of SPC(Stored Program Control) and digital transmission has to be introduced into the domestic telecommunications network in the near future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.322-324
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 이동 컴퓨팅 환경에서 이동 호스트에게 실시간 서비스의 Quality of Service(QoS)를 제공하기 위한 자원 예약 프로토콜을 제시, 설명한다. 실시간 서비스를 제공하는데 있어 이동성은 통신 경로의 변경으로 인해 QoS에 심각한 영향을 끼치게 된다. 그러나 현재 QoS를 위한 signaling 프로토콜인 자원 예약 프로토콜(Resource ReServation Protocol , RSVP)은 고정 호스트만을 가정하고 있으므로 이동 컴퓨팅 환경에서 그대로 사용하기에는 적합하지 않다. 이에 본 논문에서는 이동 호스트를 지원하는 Integrated Network에서 RSVP Agent를 사용하여 Mobile IP와 연동하는 새로운 signaling프로토콜을 제안한다. RSVP Agent는 RSVP tunnel을 사용하여 이동호스트를 대신해서 주위의 ？들에 미리 자원을 예약해 주는 역할을 하게 된다. 이 후 이동 호스트는 RSVP Agent가 미리 예약해준 자원을 사용하게 됨으로써 고정 호스트에게 상대 노드의 이동성을 고려하여 자원을 예약하지 않아도 되도록 지원해주며, 경로 마다 관리해야 하는 soft-state 유지비용의 감소를 가져오고, 불필요한 bandwidth의 예약을 막고, 패킷 지연을 줄여 주는 효과를 가져오게 되며 그 결과를 시뮬레이션을 통하여 확인해 본다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.175-183
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• 1999

This paper describes the network configuration, No. 7 signaling IS-41.A protocol and basic operations for the RFC(Remote Feature Control) service which is one of the supplementary services provided in the mobile telephone network. In order to solve the protocol error occurred while providing the RFC service for analog system, this paper suggests three schemes and analyse detail signal algorithm for the proposed schemes. Through the simulations, it is verified the best choice of the proposed schemes without the signaling procedure error.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.765-768
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• 2004

IEEE 802.110e는 실시간 트래픽의 QoS를 보장하기 위해 제안되었으나 cellular ip network 망에서 발생하는 route update packet과 같은 signaling traffic에 대해서는 아무런 언급을 하고 있지 않다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 IEEE 802.11e draft가 제안하고 있는 4가지의 AC(Access Category)에 따라 signaling traffic 에 대해서도 높은 우선 순위를 할당 함으로서 handoff시 발생하는 packet drop 이 얼마 만큼 줄어드는지를 분석하였다.