• ETRI Journal
• /
• 제34권4호
• /
• pp.511-517
• /
• 2012

The best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE) is most suitable for practical application and can be determined with knowledge of only the first and second moments of the probability density function. Although the BLUE is an existing algorithm, it is still largely unexplored and has not yet been applied to channel estimation in amplify and forward (AF)-based wireless relay networks (WRNs). In this paper, a BLUE-based algorithm is proposed to estimate the overall channel impulse response between the source and destination of AF strategy-based WRNs. Theoretical mean square error (MSE) performance for the BLUE is derived to show the accuracy of the proposed channel estimation algorithm. In addition, the Cram$\acute{e}$r-Rao lower bound (CRLB) is derived to validate the MSE performance. The proposed BLUE channel estimation algorithm approaches the CRLB as the length of the training sequence and number of relays increases. Further, the BLUE performs better than the linear minimum MSE estimator due to the minimum variance characteristic exhibited by the BLUE, which happens to be a function of signal-to-noise ratio.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.1664-1667
• /
• 2005

The main function of Ball-Stop part is to operate power shift for vehicle with more than 5 ton when a driver changes gear using suitable force. This paper presents the implementation of a DFSS(Design For Six Sigma) for robust design of Ball-Stop part of power shift. The factors influencing Ball-Stop part performance is derived to find control factor. Based on this factor, contact force between head and detent pin analysis is performed to get optimal factor is analyzed and compared with contact force test result to verify reliability of design. This makes clear the reason why the proposed one is necessary and the role of DFSS.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제44권2호
• /
• pp.204-217
• /
• 2016

Modified poplar has emerged as a potential raw material for furniture production. Lack of specific modified poplar strength information; however, restricts applications in the furniture industry especially as related to strength in corner-joints. Optimization of strength in L-shaped corner dowel modified poplar joints under compression loads utilizing finite element analysis (FEA) by Taguchi method with the focus of this study. Four experiment factors (i.e., Structure Style, Tenon Length, Tenon Diameter, and Tenon Gap), each at three levels, were conducted by adopting a $L_9-3^4$ Taguchi orthodoxy array (OA) to determine the optimal combination of factors and levels for the von Mises stress utilizing ANSYS software. Results of Signal-to-Noise ratio (S/N) analysis and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed the optimal L-shaped corner dowel joint in modified poplar is $45^{\circ}$ Bevel Butt in structure style, 24 mm in tenon length, 6 mm in tenon diameter, and 20 mm in tenon gap. Tenon length and tenon gap are determined to be significant design factors for affecting von Mises Stress. Confirmation tests with optimal levels and experimental test indicated the predicted optimal condition is comparable to the actual experimental optimal condition.

• 한국기계가공학회지
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.153-158
• /
• 2017

When considering the proper function and life cycle length of a product, its surface finish plays an important role. This experimental study was carried out to understand the effect of input factors on surface roughness and how it can be minimized by controlling the input parameters. This experimental work was performed by machining the surface of STD 61 blocks with a surface inclined at $30^{\circ}$ by ball end-milling and optimizing the input parameters using the Taguchi technique. Signal-to-Noise (S/N) ratio and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were applied to find the significance of the input parameters. The optimum level of input parameters to minimize surface roughness was obtained.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.31-40
• /
• 1993

It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propa gation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibra lion by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of $f_0(=100Hz)$ is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration ${\times}{\;}(t)$ is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal ${\times}{\;}(t.)$ at the frequencies ($f_0,{\;}f_0$) and ($f_0,{\;}2f_0$) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, where since bispectrum is free from the gallssian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is con structed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.7-11
• /
• 2014

The experimental analysis presented aims at the selection of the most optimal machining parameter combination for wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) of STD11. Based on the Taguchi experimental design ($L_{27}$ orthogonal array) method, a series of experiments were performed by considering time-on, voltage, time-off, wire speed, and flow rate as input parameters. The surface roughness was considered responses. Based on the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, the influence of the input parameters on the responses was determined. The optimal machining parameters setting for the minimum surface roughness was found using Taguchi methodology. In order to investigate the effects of process parameters on the surface machined by WEDM, Several experiments are conducted to consider effects of time-on, voltage, time-off, wire speed and flow rate on the surface roughness. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) as well as regression analysis are performed on experimental data. The best results of surface roughness were obtained at higher voltage, lower wire speed, and lower time-on.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
• /
• 제36권3호
• /
• pp.105-113
• /
• 2019

Spectroscopic observations of barium star ${\zeta}$ Capricornus (HD204075) obtained at the 8.2 m telescope of the European Southern Observatory, with a spectral resolving power R = 80,000 and signal to noise ratio greater than 300, were used to refine the atmospheric parameters. We found new values for effective temperature ($T_{eff}=5,300{\pm}50K$), surface gravity ($log\;g=1.82{\pm}0.15$), micro-turbulent velocity ($v_{micro}=2.52{\pm}0.10km/s$), and iron abundance ($log\;N(Fe)=7.32{\pm}0.06$). Previously published abundances of chemical elements in the atmosphere of HD204075 were analyzed and no correlations of these abundances with the second ionization potentials of these elements were found. This excludes the possible influence of accretion of hydrogen and helium atoms from the interstellar or circumstellar environment to the atmosphere of this star. The accretion of nuclear processed matter from the evolved binary companion was primary cause of the abundance anomalies. The young age of HD204075 allows an estimation of the time-scale for the creation of the abundance anomalies arising from accretion of interstellar hydrogen and helium as is the case of stars with low magnetic fields; which we estimate should exceed $10^8$ years.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제26권3C호
• /
• pp.157-170
• /
• 2006

다운홀 기법은 하나의 시추공을 이용하고 간단한 지표면 가진원을 사용하므로 매우 경제적이나 획득신호가 불량한 경우가 많아 초동 정보가 왜곡되어 결과의 신뢰성이 다소 떨어진다고 인식되어 왔다. 이러한 경우 직접법이 이용되고 있으나 해석자의 주관에 따라 결과가 달라질 수 있으며 직선경로를 고려하기 때문에 최적의 결과를 도출하기 어렵다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 직접법의 문제점을 개선하고자 굴절 경로를 고려하여 가진원 거리 보정을 수행하며 지반 구조의 결정 및 각 층의 속도를 자동적으로 도출해주는 평균 굴절 경로법을 제안하였다. 다양한 지반모델에 있어 도달시간 정보 획득 과정에서 발생할 수 있는 오류에 대해 모사한 이론적 도달시간 정보와 유한요소 해석을 통해 획득한 실제 파형으로부터 도출한 도달시간 정보를 이용하여 평균 굴절 경로법의 효용성을 검증하였다. 마지막으로 실제 현장 실험을 통해 도달시간 정보를 획득하고 제안된 평균굴절경로법을 적용하여 보았으며 다운홀 기법에서 도달시간 정보 획득 과정에서의 오류 문제를 평균굴절경로법을 적용함으로써 효율적으로 대처할 수 있으리라 판단되었다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
• /
• 제16권5호
• /
• pp.548-558
• /
• 2014

Load distribution is vital to the performance of multipath transport. The task becomes more challenging in real-time multimedia applications (RTMA), which impose stringent delay requirements. Two key issues to be addressed are: 1) How to minimize end-to-end delay and 2) how to alleviate packet reordering that incurs additional recovery time at the receiver. In this paper, we propose sub-packet based multipath load distribution (SPMLD), a new model that splits traffic at the granularity of sub-packet. Our SPMLD model aims to minimize total packet delay by effectively aggregating multiple parallel paths as a single virtual path. First, we formulate the packet splitting over multiple paths as a constrained optimization problem and derive its solution based on progressive approximation method. Second, in the solution, we analyze queuing delay by introducing D/M/1 model and obtain the expression of dynamic packet splitting ratio for each path. Third, in order to describe SPMLD's scheduling policy, we propose two distributed algorithms respectively implemented in the source and destination nodes. We evaluate the performance of SPMLD through extensive simulations in QualNet using real-time H.264 video streaming. Experimental results demonstrate that: SPMLD outperforms previous flow and packet based load distribution models in terms of video peak signal-to-noise ratio, total packet delay, end-to-end delay, and risk of packet reordering. Besides, SPMLD's extra overhead is tiny compared to the input video streaming.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2024

거미는 진동감각기관을 통하여 미세한 진동까지도 감지해낸다. 뛰어난 진동 감지 능력을 활용해 먹이나 포식자가 발생시키는 진동을 감지하여 공격을 계획하거나 위협을 파악하며 생존에 활용한다. 본 논문은 거미의 진동감각기관을 모사하여 개발된 초민감 진동압력센서에 대해 기술한다. 거미가 진동을 감지하는데 사용하는 감각기관에 위치한 작은 틈에 착안하여 센서에 균열을 생성하였고, 균열의 깊이를 제어하여 외부로부터 오는 압력이나 진동을 매우 민감하게 감지할 수 있는 센서를 개발하였다. 이 센서는 10 N의 인장응력을 적용하여 2%의 변형률에서 게이지 계수가 16000에 도달한다. 이는 높은 신호대잡음비를 가져 정확하게 원하는 진동을 인식할 수 있는 소자로서 외력(압력, 진동)과 생체 신호측정 등 다양한 평가를 통해 센서의 높은 민감도를 증명하였다. 이를 통하여 생체모사 기술을 활용한 새로운 센서의 개발 및 다양한 산업 분야로의 응용 가능성을 제시한다.