• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.3239-3245
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• 2014

Background: College students are recommended as the target groups for catch-up human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. Systematical exploration of awareness, acceptability, and decision-making factors of HPV vaccination among Chinese college students has been limited. Materials and Methods: A multi-center survey was conducted in mainland China between November 2011 and May 2012. College students aged 18-22 years were stratified by their grade, gender, and major for sampling. Socio-demographic and HPV-related information such as knowledge, perceptions, acceptability, and attitudes were collected through a questionnaire. Results: A total of 3,497 undergraduates completed the questionnaire, among which 1,686 were males. The acceptability of the HPV vaccine was high (70.8%). Undergraduates from high-level universities, at lower grade, or with greater prior knowledge of HPV vaccines showed higher acceptability of HPV vaccination ($p_{trend}$ <0.001). Additionally, undergraduates with vaccination experience outside the National Expanded Program on Immunization (OR=1.29; 95%CI: 1.10-1.51) or fear of HPV-related diseases (OR=2.79; 95%CI: 2.28-3.41) were more willing to accept HPV vaccination. General knowledge of HPV vaccine was low among undergraduates, and safety was a major concern (71.05%). The majority of students wished to pay less than 300RMB for HPV vaccine and chose the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention as the most appropriate venue for vaccination. Conclusions: Although most undergraduates demonstrate positive attitudes towards HPV vaccination, challenges pertaining to introduction exist in China. Corresponding proactive education and governmental subsidy to do so are urgently needed by this age-group population. Suggestions and potential strategies indicated may help shape the future HPV vaccination program in China.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.104-135
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• 2016

중국 사천성 안악현(安岳縣) 명산사(茗山寺) 석굴은 유본존(柳本尊) 교파의 중요한 석굴사원이다. 석굴은 호법신장감(護法神將龕), 관음 대세지병좌상, 대일여래입상, 문수보살입상, 문수 보현병입상 그리고 조지봉(趙智鳳)의 전법륜탑으로 구성되어 있고 하나의 통일체를 이룬다. 이 석굴사원은 남송 중기에 건축되었고, 아마도 대족(大足), 안악(安岳) 일대 유본존(柳本尊) 교파의 2대 교주인 조지봉이 일찍이 수륙법회 등의 석굴사원은 의식을 거행하던 도량으로 추정된다. 조지봉은 규모가 큰 중경시 대족구 보정산석굴을 개착하였는데, 명산사 법회의 수입이 그 주요 자금 중 하나였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.27-31
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• 2012

Objectives: Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C)and vascular endothelial growth factor feceptor-3 (VEGFR-3) in laryngeal squamous carcinoma and its relationship to lymph node metastasis were investigated. Methods: VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 gene expression in 30 cases of normal laryngeal mucosa tissue (NLM), primary laryngeal carcinoma cell carcinomas (PLC) and cervical lymph nodes (CLN) was examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Protein levels of VEGF-C expression were determined by immunohistochemical staining in 60 cases of PLC. Results: Expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 different among NLM, PLC and CLN in the same patient. In PLC, expression was significantly higher in lymph node positive group than in the lymph node negative group and associated with histological grade of differentiation; Expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 was not linked with age, sex, site or T stage. Conclusions: A close correlation was found between VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 expression and lymph node metastasis in PLC, suggesting a role in metastasis of laryngeal carcinomas.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.5665-5669
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• 2012

Background: The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mediates vasculogenesis and angiogenesis through promoting endothelial cell growth, migration and mitosis, and has involvement in cancer pathogenesis, progression and metastasis. However, the prognostic value of VEGF in patients with prostate cancer remains controversial. Objectives: The aim of our study was to evaluate the prognostic value of VEGF in prostate cancer, and summarise the results of related research on VEGF. Methods: In accordance with an established search strategy, 11 studies with 1,529 patients were included in our meta-analysis. The correlation of VEGF-expression with overall survival and progression-free survival was evaluated by hazard ratio, either given or calculated. Results: The studies were categorized by introduction of the author, demographic data in each study, prostate cancer-relatived information, VEGF cut-off value, VEGF subtype, methods of hazard ratio (HR) estimation and its 95% confidence interval (CI). High VEGF-expression in prostate cancer is a poor prognostic factor with statistical significance for OS (HR=2.32, 95%CI: 1.40-3.24). However, high VEGF-expression showed no effect on poor PFS (HR=1.30, 95%CI: 0.88-1.72). Using Begg's, Egger's test and funnel plots, we confirmed lack of publication bias in our analysis. Conclusion: VEGF might be regarded as a prognostic maker for prostate cancer, as supported by our meta-analysis. To achieve a more definitive conclusion enabling the clinical use of VEGF in prostate cancer, we need more high-quality interventional original studies following agreed research approaches or standards.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.2791-2794
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• 2012

Aims: We conducted a case-control study in a Chinese population to clarify the association between polymorphisms in ERCC1 and XPD and susceptibility and survival of glioma. Methods: A total of 393 cases and 410 controls were selected from March 2007 to December 2011. Genotyping of ERCC1 and XPD was conducted by TaqMan assays using the ABI Prism 7911HT Sequence Detection System. All analyses were performed using the STATA statistical package. Results: Polymorphisms in ERCC1 118C/T, ERCC1 8092C/A and XPD Asp312Asn showed no statistically significant difference between glioma cases and controls. However, individuals with the XPD 751Gln/Gln genotype had an increased risk of developing glioma compared with those with the Lys/Lys genotype (adjusted OR=1.64, 95% CI: 1.06-2.89). The ERCC1 118T/T genotype was associated with significantly higher median survival than the ERCC1 C/C genotype (HR=0.67, 95%CI=0.35-0.96). In addition, individuals with XPD 751Gln/Gln had a lower median survival time than XPD Lys/Lys carriers (HR=0.54, 95%CI=0.37-0.93). Conclusion: In conclusion, we observed that the XPD 751Gln/Gln genotype is associated with glioma susceptibility, and ERCC1 118 T/T and XPD 751Gln/Gln genotypes confer a significantly better prognosis.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제29권
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• pp.345-382
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• 1995

The type printing of first Ch'ing dynasty term in China is worthy to be studied because the type printing during that period included metal type, wood type, and clay type as well as the development phase was similar to Chosun dynasty culturally and technologically. This paper studied typography during the first Ch'ing dynasty term, including Shunzhi(1662-1722), Yongaheng(1723-1735), Qianlong(1736-1795), Jiaqing(1796­1820) period. The main results of the study is as follows. 1. The main body of type printing was bookstore, lecture-hall, and individual as well as the royal court that is the central government. 2. The content of type edition covers classics, history, philosophy, and literary works. Specifically, even though Wuyingdienjuzhenban series is excluded, the content includs study of the classics, class of the history, class of the philosophy, literature works that include collection works and novel and government official bulletin. 3. The printing technique of bronze type was very popular In Beijing. Jiangsu, and Taiwan. It's scale and production technique was more elaborate than in Ming dynasty. 4. Wood type was very popular in Beijing, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Sichuan, and Fujian. In addition to wood type, chinese ware type was applied to book printing in Shandong. However, most of them were wood type and they were used after Qianlong period. 5. The production technique of type was skilled enough to present the fine view of a style of type. The typesetting technique was improved as much as woodblock printing. With regard to the making technology of Chinese ink, the light and darkness of chinese ink was not even sometimes. But, the technology was improved significantly when comparing with the failure experience of printing that chinese ink was not developed in early type invention. 6. In case that the book was printed in bookstore with the intention of profit and the number of book was large, the proofreading attitude was rough. However, overally, it was made correction carefully applying the various methods of proofreading. 7. The support of government made a great contribution in the area of all printing technology, including production, typesetting, and brushing of type.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.467-476
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• 2015

Finger vein recognition, which is a promising biometric method for identity authentication, has attracted significant attention. Considerable research focuses on transmission-type finger vein recognition, but this type of authentication is difficult to implement in mobile consumer devices. Therefore, reflection-type finger vein recognition should be developed. In the reflection-type vein recognition field, the majority of researchers concentrate on palm and palm dorsa patterns, and only a few pay attention to reflection-type finger vein recognition. Thus, this paper presents reflection-type finger vein recognition for biometric application that can be integrated into mobile consumer devices. A database is built to test the proposed algorithm. A novel method of region-of-interest localization for a finger vein image is introduced, and a scheme for effectively extracting finger vein features is proposed. Experiments demonstrate the feasibility of reflection-type finger vein recognition.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.315-323
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• 2011

모데미풀(Megaleranthis saniculifolia Ohwi, monotype)의 외부형태학적 특징과 분포역을 조사하였다. 또한 근연속으로 알려진 금매화속(Trollius L.)과 Calathodes속(Calathodes Hook.f. et Thomson)의 질적 외부형태학적 형질에 대한 유집분석을 통하여 모데미풀속의 분류학적 위치에 대해 고찰하고자 하였다. 그 결과, 모데미풀은 금매화속, Calathodes속과 0.385의 낮은 유사도를 나타냈으며, 금매화속은 Calathodes속과 함께 유집되어 모데미풀속과 뚜렷이 구분되었다. 모데미풀은 화피편이 존재하는 특징으로 Calathodes속 식물과 뚜렷이 구분되며, 금매화속 식물과는 꽃 아래에 경생엽 대신 한 매의 총포엽을 가지고 있고, 골돌의 맥은 분지되지 않는 특징에 의해 구분된다. 상기 3속의 분포역에 있어서 금매화속과 Calathodes속 식물은 이들의 분포경계지인 중국의 사천성과 운남성지역에서, 모데미풀과 금매화속 식물은 이들의 분포경계지인 한반도 북부지역에서 각각 부분적으로 중복되나, 전체적으로 볼 때 이들 각각은 나름대로의 독립적인 분포역을 가지고 있다. 따라서 모데미풀은 근연속들과의 외부형태학적 차이가 분명하고, 분포역을 비교해 볼 때 독립된 속으로의 처리가 타당하다고 판단된다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제75권6호
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• pp.675-684
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• 2020

An innovative retrofit method using pre-stressed steel strips and externally-bonded steel plates was presented in this paper. With the aim of exploring the seismic performance of the retrofitted RC interior joints, four 1/2-scale retrofitted joint specimens together with one control specimen were designed and subjected to constant axial compression and cyclic loading, with the main test parameters being the volume of steel strips and the existence of externally-bonded steel plates. The damage mechanism, force-displacement hysteretic response, force-displacement envelop curve, energy dissipation and displacement ductility ratio were analyzed to investigate the cyclic behavior of the retrofitted joints. The test results indicated that all the test specimens suffered a typical shear failure at the joint core, and the application of externally-bonded steel plates and that of pre-stressed steel strips could effectively increase the lateral capacity and deformability of the deficient RC interior joints, respectively. The best cyclic behavior could be found in the deficient RC interior joint retrofitted using both externally-bonded steel plates and pre-stressed steel strips due to the increased lateral capacity, displacement ductility and energy dissipation. Finally, based on the test results and the softened strut and tie model, a theoretical model for determining the shear capacity of the retrofitted specimens was proposed and validated.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.73-92
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• 2019

전 세계적으로 재난과 위기 상황이 확산되고 있으며 중국의 쓰촨성 지진과 동일본 대지진과 같이 동북아시아 지역에서도 재난도 증가하는 추세이다. 본 연구는 유엔 세계식량계획 산하의 인도적 물류센터(UNHRD)를 동북아시아의 한국 유치를 제안하는 목적이다. 관련 선행 연구가 국내에는 없지만, 유엔 시설 유치에 대한 국가의 무형적인 이익, 가치와 물류 관련 경제적 효과를 중심으로 연구하며, 유치 효과는 우리나라 기업들의 다양한 인도적 지원 물류 산업 분야로의 진출과 유엔 관련 비즈니스 확대로 예상된다. 유엔조달연감과 대한민국 해외 긴급구호 자료들을 활용하여 관련 유엔기구의 현황을 우선 분석하고 한국의 유치 환경에 대한 SWOT 분석을 통하여 세부 유치 전략을 도출하고자 한다. 한국의 유엔 물류센터 유치 방안으로서는 인도적 지원 관련 국내외 NGO 전문가 협력체계 구축과 홍보, 정부 부처와 지자체 공동 유치 제안, 지속적인 정보 수집과 한국 유치에 관한 타당성 논리개발 등 장기적인 관점에서 유엔의 해당 기관과 긴밀하게 협력하여 전략적으로 추진하는 것이 필요하다.