• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the ball velocity changes depending on the different linear momentum of putter head. For this study, two different moving conditions(25cm free fall and 35cm free fall) of putter head were set. And two different types of ground conditions were used which are artificial grass green($180cm{\times}600cm{\times}1cm$) and glass green($40cm{\times}130cm{\times}1cm$). Movements of putter head and ball were recorded with 2 HD video cameras(60 Hz, 1/500s shutter speed). Small size control object($18.5cm{\times}18.5cm{\times}78.5cm$) was used in this study. Ball and putter head velocities were calculated by the First Central Difference Method(Hamill & Knutzen, 1995). Linear momentum of ball and putter head were calculated with mass and its velocities. Before impact, the velocity of the putter head of 35cm free fall was about 30% greater than that of the putter head of 25cm free fall. Linear momentum of putter head of 35cm free fall was about 0.355-0.364kg m/s and 25cm free fall was 0.251 kg m/s. After impact, putter head lost its linear momentum about 14-19% and adjusting time of putter head after impact would be 0.1 second. After 0.1 second, putter moved the route same as before impact. Maximum ball velocities were appeared 0.08s-0.10s after impact no matter what the ground conditions are. Ball velocities struck by 35cm free fall were 30 % faster than 25cm free fall. Linear momentum of ball struck by putter head was greater than that of expected amount because the moving ball has translational energy and rotational energy. Future study must treat three things. One is ball must struck by the different putters with different materials. Another is two-piece ball and three-piece ball should be used for the same condition studies. The other is height of center of rotation of club should be changed. In this study, the height of center of rotation of club head is 71cm from the ground. But recently many golfers used the long putter. Therefore next study should apply the different height of center of rotation of club head.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.129-135
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• 2015

도시기반시설에 첨단 정보통신기술을 융합하여 언제 어디서나 자유롭게 서비스를 제공하고자 하는 U-City(Ubiquitous City)의 공간정보기술은 다양한 형태로 서비스 되고 있다. 그 중에서도 U-City에서 가장 많이 설치되어 있는 CCTV(Closed Circuit TV)의 스테레오 영상을 가지고 특징점(Key Point)을 선정하여 정합(Matching)하고 3차원 공간정보를 구축하는 연구가 진행되고 있다. 하지만 대부분 정합점을 추출하는데 사용된 데이터는 조도와 같은 외부 환경영향을 고려하지 않고 있다. 본 논문은 동일한 하드웨어에서 조도의 변화에 의해 영상의 질이 좌우되는 CCTV를 가지고 3차원 공간정보를 구축하는데 필요한 정합점이 조도에 따라 얼마나 변화 하는지 실험을 하였다. 조도에 따른 정합점 수의 분석 결과, 카메라의 조리개, 셔터속도, 감도를 고정하였을 때 3,000Lux까지 정합점 수가 조도에 비례하여 높아 졌으며, 물체와 배경의 경계가 뚜렷해졌다. 반대로 빛이 과도하게 들어 왔을 경우 화면이 밝이지며, 노이즈가 발생하고 사물과 사물의 경계가 없어져 특징점을 선정하기가 힘들었다. 본 논문에서 얻어진 결과를 이용하여 촬영할 경우 향상된 정합점을 가질 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of various balls velocity under the different surface conditions after impact. For this study, four different balls were used which are golf ball, tang-tang ball, table tennis ball, and iron ball. And two different types of ground conditions were used which are artificial grass green and glass green. Movements of putter head and ball were recorded with 2 HD video cameras(60 Hz, 1/500s shutter speed). Small size control object($18.5cm{\times}18.5cm{\times}78.5cm$) was used in this study. To transfer the same amount of kinetic energy to the ball, pendulum putting machine was used. Analyzing the process of impact and the ball movement, a putter was digitized the whole movement but the ball was digizited within the 50cm movement. Velocities were calculated by the first central difference method(Hamill & Knutzen, 1995). Putter head velocities were about 112.2cm/s-116.2cm/s at impact. Maximum ball velocities were appeared 0.08s-0.10s after impact no matter what the ground conditions are. Table tennis ball recorded higher ball velocities than the other ball velocities and iron ball recorded the lowest ball velocity in this group. But Table tennis ball was influenced with the frictional force and immediately was decreased at the artificial grass green condition. If an object is received the kinetic energy under the static condition(v=0cm/s), the object recorded the maximum velocity shortly after the impact and then decreased the velocity because of the frictional force. The ball distance from the start position to the peak velocity position is about 6cm-10cm under the 112.2cm/s-116.2cm/s putting velocity with putter. 0.25 seconds later after impact balls were placed 40cm distance from the original position except iron ball. In this study, ball moving distances were too short therefore it was not possible to investigate the reactions after the translational force is disappeared. Rotational force would play a major role at the end of the ball movement. Future study must accept two things. One is long distance movement of ball and the other is balanced ground. Three-piece ball is a good item to investigate the golf ball movement on the different surface conditions.