Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics (한국운동역학회지)

Korean Society of Applied Biomechanics (한국운동역학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Changes of Various Balls Velocity under the Different Surface Conditions after Impact

충돌 후 지면 조건에 따른 다양한 볼의 속도변화에 관한 연구

  • 박진 (서울여자대학교)
  • Published : 2007.03.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of various balls velocity under the different surface conditions after impact. For this study, four different balls were used which are golf ball, tang-tang ball, table tennis ball, and iron ball. And two different types of ground conditions were used which are artificial grass green and glass green. Movements of putter head and ball were recorded with 2 HD video cameras(60 Hz, 1/500s shutter speed). Small size control object($18.5cm{\times}18.5cm{\times}78.5cm$) was used in this study. To transfer the same amount of kinetic energy to the ball, pendulum putting machine was used. Analyzing the process of impact and the ball movement, a putter was digitized the whole movement but the ball was digizited within the 50cm movement. Velocities were calculated by the first central difference method(Hamill & Knutzen, 1995). Putter head velocities were about 112.2cm/s-116.2cm/s at impact. Maximum ball velocities were appeared 0.08s-0.10s after impact no matter what the ground conditions are. Table tennis ball recorded higher ball velocities than the other ball velocities and iron ball recorded the lowest ball velocity in this group. But Table tennis ball was influenced with the frictional force and immediately was decreased at the artificial grass green condition. If an object is received the kinetic energy under the static condition(v=0cm/s), the object recorded the maximum velocity shortly after the impact and then decreased the velocity because of the frictional force. The ball distance from the start position to the peak velocity position is about 6cm-10cm under the 112.2cm/s-116.2cm/s putting velocity with putter. 0.25 seconds later after impact balls were placed 40cm distance from the original position except iron ball. In this study, ball moving distances were too short therefore it was not possible to investigate the reactions after the translational force is disappeared. Rotational force would play a major role at the end of the ball movement. Future study must accept two things. One is long distance movement of ball and the other is balanced ground. Three-piece ball is a good item to investigate the golf ball movement on the different surface conditions.

Keywords

References

  1. 박 진(2003). 퍼팅 스트로크의 충돌과정에서 나타난 퍼터헤드와 볼의 운동에너지 변화분석. 한국운동역학회지, 13(2), 175-183.
  2. 박 진(2006). 퍼팅 스트로크 실험용 진자퍼팅기 개발. 한국운동역학회지, 16(4), 147-152. https://doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2006.16.4.147
  3. Benson, H.(1995). University Physics, N.Y.. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  4. Bueche, F.J., & Jerde, D.A.(1996). Principles of Physics, N.Y., McGraw-Hill Inc.
  5. Cochran, A., & Stobbs, J.(1968). The Search for the Perfect Swing. Philadelphia, PA: B. Lippincott Co.
  6. Gobush, W.(1996). Friction coefficient of golf balls. The Engineering of Sport, ISBN 90 5410 822 3.
  7. Hall, S.J.(1991). Basic Biomechanics, Saint Louis, Mosby Year Book.
  8. Hamil, J., & Knutzen, K.M.(1995). Biomechanical Basis of Human Movement, PA: Williams & Wilkins.
  9. Hewitt, P.G.(1997). Conceptual Physics, San Francisco, Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.
  10. Holmes, B.W.(1991). Putting: How a golf ball and hole interact, American Journal of Physics, 59(2), 129-136. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.16592
  11. Johnson, S.H., & Lieberman, B.B.(1996). Normal impact models for golf balls, The Engineering of Sport, ISBN 90 5410 822 3.
  12. Mahoney, J.F.(1982). Theoretical analysis of aggressive golf puttts. Research Quarterly, 53(2), 165-171.

Cited by

  1. Ball Velocity Changes Depending on the Different Linear Momentum of Putter Head during the Putting Strokes vol.17, pp.4, 2007, https://doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2007.17.4.083